Tooth Depth Research Articles

Splice design and electromagnetic analysis of a long-stroke maglev guideway for machine tools

This paper explores a new structural design of armature splicing to reduce the machining requirements of maglev guideways. The paper presents the magnetically supported structure and working principle of magnetic levitation worktable machine tools. Rectangular tooth splicing structures for extended long-stroke maglev guideways are designed, and corresponding finite element analysis models are established. After calculating the static three-dimensional magnetic field with the help of ANSYS software, the electromagnetic force produced by the magnetic levitation electromagnet group decreases linearly with increasing splice clearance of the armature and increases linearly with the increasing number of splice teeth. The smaller the number of teeth is or the larger the clearance value is, the more pronounced the change is. When the number of teeth, the width of the teeth and the clearance of the splice are kept constant, the electromagnetic force increases with increasing tooth depth, and a change in the tooth width has little effect on the electromagnetic force.

Optimization of the Structural Parameters and the Teeth Shape of Slip in Drill Rig

In order to improve the performance of slip and reduce the extrusion damage of the drill pipe in the drill rig, the optimization of structural parameters and teeth shape of the slip while clamping the drill pipe had been researched in this article. On the macroscale, the structural parameters of the slip had been optimized with response surface method (RSM) and Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). The optimized result showed that the single weight of the slip had been reduced from 3.99 kg to 2.91 kg and the maximum deformation of the drill pipe was reduced from 3.75 mm on both sides to 2.56 mm on both sides. On the microscale, a mathematical model for the single slip teeth while clamping the drill pipe had been established to give a detailed description to calculate the equivalent coefficient of friction and provide the relationship between the frictional torque with the allowable compression strength. In addition, the finite element model that had been set up by ABAQUS was used to verify the mathematical model, and the comparison of results had shown the accuracy of the mathematical model of the slip teeth while clamping the drill pipe. According to the mathematical model of the slip teeth in the drill rig, while clamping the drill pipe, the optimal shape of the slip teeth in the drill rig was achieved under the following condition: the slope of the slip teeth θ is 60°, the top width of the slip teeth w h is 1.5 mm, and the depth of the slip teeth clamping the drill pipe d is 0.5 mm. The equivalent coefficient of friction f v can be increased from 1.73 to 2.06, and the optimal result f v increases 11.3%.

Does the Lingual-Based Mucoperiosteal Flap Reduce Postoperative Morbidity Compared With the Buccal-Based Mucoperiosteal Flap After the Surgical Removal of Impacted Third Molars? A Meta-analysis Review

The lingual-based mucoperiosteal flap, a novel flap, was unclear about the effects on the prognosis of surgery for impacted mandibular third molars. This study aimed to compare the lingual- and buccal-based mucoperiosteal flaps with respect to postoperative responses and complications. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was designed and the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases and Google Scholar from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2020 were searched for randomized clinical trials. The predictor variable was buccal- or lingual-based flap in the surgery, and the outcome variables were pain, swelling, trismus, operative time, and wound dehiscence. Other study variables were sex and retention depth of impacted teeth. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. Mean differences or standardized mean differences and risk ratios were computed to assess associations between 2 variables, where statistical significance was set at P<.05. Seven publications met the inclusion criteria, contributing 370 subjects who had 590 teeth removed to sample. The lingual-based flap failed to significantly reduce postoperative discomfort. However, subgroup analysis revealed that subjects who underwent comma flap (a type of lingual-based flap) surgeries complained of milder pain than those who underwent buccal-based flap surgeries on day 1 (mean difference=-1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.53, -0.83], P<.001) and day 7 (mean difference=-1.80, 95% CI [-2.13, -1.48], P<.001) after surgery. Significant differences were also observed on days 1, 3, and 7 regarding postoperative swelling and trismus (P<.01). In addition, the lingual-based flap was reported to cause a significantly lower rate of wound dehiscence (relative risk=0.46, 95% CI [0.30, 0.69], P=.0002). The lingual-based flap was associated with better primary wound closure in third molar removal. The comma flap, as a subtype, was preferable for relieving postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus over the buccal-based flap.

Active design and manufacture of face-milled spiral bevel gear by completing process method with fixed workpiece axis based on a free-form machine tool

In the design and manufacture of face-milled spiral bevel gear, the completing process method has significant advantages, such as increased efficiency, cost reduction, machining accuracy improvement, and tooth strength enhancement. Since the intrinsic limitations of the cradle-type machine tool, we develop a mathematical model for the completing process method directly based on the free-form machine tool. It is applied directly to the free-form machine tool, eliminating the need for the equivalent conversion of machine settings from the cradle-type machine tool to the free-form machine tool, and taking advantage of the flexibility and freedom offered by the free-form machine tool. Thus, except the first-order and second-order parameters of the mean contact point of each pinion flank controlled by the existing methods, each point of the contact path on the frequently used drive-side flank of pinion can be guaranteed additionally simultaneously by this method. Furthermore, the workpiece axis linkage is dispensed with during the machining process, avoiding the error caused by poor motion accuracy of the workpiece shaft and the difficulty in its manufacture. The target tooth surface and tooth depth can be guaranteed simultaneously. Finally, the method is verified by tooth contact analysis (TCA), grinding test, and rolling test.

A Novel Method of On-Line Coal-Rock Interface Characterization Using THz-TDs

The core problem in unmanned/intelligent working face of coal mining is the automatic adjustment of shearer arm where the coal-rock interface detection is the key. The cutting location of shearer drum affect the proportion of coal and rock powder around the cutting teeth of shearer drum. Therefore, the method of on-line coal rock interface characterization using Terahertz Time Domain spectroscopy (THz-TDs) we proposed aims to estimate the ratio of rock by Terahertz response. Firstly, anthracite and quartz sandstone were uniformly mixed according to 39 different ratios in this study, the samples' responses were obtained by terahertz system, and then the obtained time domain data was converted into frequency domain data by fast Fourier transform. The absorption coefficient spectrum and the refractive index profile of the 39 samples were calculated by optical parametric model. Secondly, corresponding quantitative model between mixed coal/rock powder and THz signal was built by using back propagation neural network (BPNN) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM). We expected to use the ratio of rock powder detected by the model to estimate the depth of shearer drum teeth embedded in the rock layer. Finally, we found that both two mathematical arithmetic is feasible to quantitatively detect different proportion of coal and rock mixtures. The results show that the depth of shearer drum teeth embedded in the rock layer could be estimated by the novel method, which means the coal-rock interface could be on-line characterized by using THz-TDs and the height of the drum could be adjusted in time.

Study on load distribution ratio of composite pre-tightened tooth joint by shear nonlinearity

Load distribution has a great influence on the mechanical properties of composite pre-tightened multi-tooth connection. To obtain the load distribution mechanism of composite pre-tightened multi-tooth joints, the multi-tooth joints were studied by experimental and theoretical methods. First, an experimental study was conducted on three-tooth specimens with different tooth depths and tooth lengths, and the failure mode, bearing capacity and load distribution mechanism of the specimens were obtained. Then, based on the nonlinear constitutive of interlaminar shear, an analytical model for load distribution of composite pre-tightened multi-tooth joint was proposed to research the multi-tooth load distribution mechanism. Finally, the theoretical and experimental results were compared. The research showed: (1) The theoretical results of the multi-tooth load distribution ratio were in good agreement with that of the experimental results, the maximum error between the theoretical value and the experimental value of the three-tooth joint was 17.44%, and the minimum error was only 2.35%; (2) The load distribution ratio of composite pre-tightened multi-tooth was uneven, for three-tooth joints, the values of load distribution ratio from large to small were: the first tooth, the third tooth and the second tooth.; (3) Multi-tooth load distribution ratio changed with the change of external load. The change of load distribution ratio was obvious in the early stage of loading, and tended to be gentle in the later stage of loading.

Experimental investigation and optimization of wall deflection and material removal rate in milling thin-wall parts

The selection of optimal process parameters is essential while machining thin-wall parts since it influences the quality of the product and affects productivity. Dimensional accuracy affects the product quality, whereas the material removal rate alters the process productivity. Therefore, the study investigated the effect of tool diameter, feed per tooth, axial and radial depth of cut on wall deflection, and material removal rate. The selected process parameters were found to significantly influence the in-process deflection and thickness deviation due to the generation of unfavorable cutting forces. Further, an increase in the material removal rate resulted in chatter, thus adversely affecting the surface quality during the final stages of machining. Considering the conflicting nature of the two performance measures, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II was adopted to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. The developed model could predict the optimal combination of process variables needed to lower the in-process wall deflection and maintain a superior surface finish while maintaining a steady material removal rate.

Prevalence of Gingival Black Triangles in Young Adults in Chennai Population - A Retrospective Study

Aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of gingival black triangles (GBT's) and its correlations with the morphology of tooth, labial frenum and probing depth in young adults in the Chennai population. The study was carried out in a university based study setting in Saveetha dental college and hospital among the Chennai population. We have reviewed patient records and analysed the data from 86000 patient records between June 2019 and March 2020. 149 samples were randomly selected for the study (18 – 30 yrs) and photographic analysis from the patient record was carried out to determine the presence of GBT. Prevalence of GBT was found to be 20.8% in the selected population. Within the limits of the study prevalence of GBT was found to be 20.8% there should be more emphasis given on creating awareness about the condition and its possible treatment modalities.

Plough-extrusion Forming for Making Micro-groove Heat Pipes on Hydrostatic Thrust Bearings of Heavy Machinery

The present paper focuses on the manufacturing of micro-groove heat pipes on hydrostatic thrust bearings of heavy machinery. Special multitooth tools were designed for plough-extrusion forming heat pipes on flat copper. Experimental results were conducted to determine whether the plough-extrusion forming could achieve better performance than traditional wire electrical discharge. Furthermore, the processing using multi-tooth tool with 10 mm length, 55 tooth number, 0.25 mm tooth depth and 0.22 tooth top width was found to achieve the best performance among the six optional tools. The 50 mm/min forming speed was determined to acquire the best surface quality of the microgroove structure. Through heat transfer testing, the theoretical model for a micro-groove heat pipe made by plough-extrusion forming was also verified.

Investigating the effect of cutting conditions and tool geometry on surface roughness in dry end milling of Inconel 625 using TiAlSiN ultra hard coated solid carbide tool

ABSTRACT In aerospace and submarine industries, mechanical parts are designed & developed using nickel-based alloys, such as Inconel 625. In such applications, severe work hardening occurs, leading to poor surface quality. In this context, this study was conducted using an end mill with PVD TiAlSiN coating, under dry conditions, wherein four input variables were considered. Rotatable CCD technique of DoE was used to conduct the experimental plan. RSM was applied to develop a second-order mathematical model, with roughness parameter and process parameters to establish the relationship between them. ANOVA was carried out to test the significance of the model. From the model, it was observed that both the feed per tooth and radial depth of cut have a significant effect on surface roughness. Further, the interaction between the cutting speed and feed per tooth was also found significant. The study also demonstrated that the coated carbide tool has the potential to eliminate the usage of cutting fluid, thus taking care of the environmental concerns, as far as machining operations are concerned.

Experimental Investigation of Spur Gear Tooth Crack Location and Depth Detection using Short-time Averaging Method and Statistical Indicators

Gear systems are one of the most functional power transmission systems in the industry. Crack is one of the common defects in gears which is caused by excessive loading, sudden impact and shortcomings in the gears construction. Initially, the crack will not result in structure collapse, but its growth can lead to irreparable damage. Therefore, detecting the crack and determining its location and depth are very important in this respect. In this paper, two encoders are used to obtain the spur gear pair transmission error speed. Moreover, the short-time averaging method (STAM) has been proposed thereby detecting the crack location and some statistical indicators have been used to estimate the crack depth in the spur gear tooth. For this purpose, a dynamical model in which mesh stiffness varying with time has been deployed to achieve the transmission error speed of the gear system. Additionally, a gear test rig including a single-stage gearbox, two encoders, and also an electronic board has been used. Encoders were installed on input and output shafts and the angular position of each shaft in time was saved in the computer using the electronic board. In addition, the transmission error speed was obtained by analyzing the received signals. Then, short-time averaging method was used to identify the crack location. Ultimately, some indicators such as ABS-max, FM0, Energy Ratio (ER) and Residual Signal Average were applied to the simulated results and experimental signals to fine the crack depth ratio. According to the results of this study, it seems safe to conclude that the STAM is a useful method in cracked tooth detection and the indicators have acceptable accuracy to find the crack depth ratio.

Prospective Clinical Evaluation of Posterior Monolithic Zirconia Fixed Partial Dentures Using a Complete Digital Workflow: Two-Year Follow-Up.

To evaluate the clinical performance and survival rate of posterior monolithic zirconia fixed partial dentures over a 2-year period. A total of 20 patients, requiring 20 posterior fixed partial dentures were included in the study. Tooth preparations were scanned, and restorations were milled and cemented with a resin cement. The restorations were assessed for the quality of the surface and the color, anatomical form and marginal integrity. Periodontal status was assessed by determining the plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, and margin index of the abutment teeth. Data were statistically analyzed using the Friedman and the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with the Bonferroni correction. The survival rate at 2 years was 100%, and no biological or technical complications were observed. All restorations were assessed as satisfactory. The results obtained for gingival index and plaque index were better at 2 years follow-up, than at baseline. The margin index remained stable throughout the follow-up period. No differences in periodontal parameters were observed between abutment and control teeth. The high survival rate after 2 years suggest that monolithic zirconia may be an acceptable alternative to metal-ceramic and veneered zirconia restorations in the posterior region. Additional long-term, controlled studies are necessary to confirm the results.

Modelling, simulation and experimental validation of the milling operation of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V)

The variation of process conditions during machining operations can bring about undesirable change in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the final product. It can also bring about an increase in the energy requirement of the process as well as reduction in tool life. In a bid to measure, monitor and effectively control the variation of some process parameters during the milling operation of titanium alloy, this work employs a computer-aided based modelling and simulation approach validated via the physical experimentations to investigate the variation of velocity, stress, plastic strain and temperature distributions during the milling operation. The numerical experiment was validated with physical experimentations using the professional infrared video thermometer with LCD display and camera function (MT 696) with infrared temperature range of − 50–1000 °C for the temperature measurement in real time. The computer-aided design, modelling and simulation of the milling operation was performed using the commercial software code ABAQUS while the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the determination of the feasible range of the process parameters, namely cutting speed (25,000–27,500 m/min), feed per tooth (0.05–0.30 mm) and axial depth of cut (0.50–3.0 mm). The physical experimentations were carried out using a DMU80monoBLOCK Deckel Maho 5-axis CNC milling machine and a mill cutter (SF550: HRC 40-HRC 50). The results obtained showed significant correlation between the numerical and physical experimentations. Furthermore, the infrared video thermometer and camera function (MT 696) demonstrated high sensitivity to temperature variation; hence, it is highly suitable for temperature measurement and monitoring. The findings of this work will assist in process control for the effective milling operation of titanium alloy.

Evaluation of Third Molar Impaction Distribution and Patterns in a Sample of Lebanese Population.

Classifications of impaction based on panoramic radiographs such as the ones of Pell and Gregory and Winter are essential to allow a better understanding of third molar position regarding depth and bone coverage of the impacted tooth and to evaluate the difficulties of the surgical procedures. The aim of the study was to classify upper and lower third molars teeth in a sample of a Lebanese population and compare the data to results from other studies. Digital panoramic radiographs of 71 patients with a total of 181 wisdom teeth from patients that had been subjected for third molars extraction, from November 2016 to November 2018, were collected and analyzed. The mean age was 26.25years. All third molars were categorized according to Pell and Gregory by using A, B, C scores for depth in upper and lower third molars, and angulations were classified according to Winter's classification. Nonparametric normality tests evaluating age group and gender distribution were conducted by utilizing the Chi-square test for age distribution and the binomial and Kruskal-Wallis tests for gender. In the Pell and Gregory classification, the lower third molars showed type B impaction as the most frequent with 66.1% for the right side and 60.3% for the left side; the maxillary third molars both showed the type C impaction as the most frequent with 63.3% for the right side and 59.2% for the left side. According to the Winter classification, lower third molars showed mesio-angulation as the most frequent angle of impaction with 41.1% for right mandibular side and 46.5% for mandibular left side; As for the maxillary third molars, the disto-angulation was the most frequent angulation seen in both maxillary right and left side teeth 53.3% and 43.2%. Comparison of our results with other populations has shown similarities in certain criteria like angulation and relation to ramus, but most results varied. Thus, the current study can be taken as a baseline for further studies.

Face milling of Inconel 625 via wiper inserts: Evaluation of tool life and workpiece surface integrity

Ni-based superalloy Inconel 625, despite its extensive applications (in aerospace, oil and gas, marine, chemical processing and alike industry) is categorized as difficult-to-cut material due to distinct thermal and physical characteristics. Incidentally, the use of novel multi radii insert (wiper) geometry, that is reported to provide extended machining capabilities for different materials and machining scenarios has not been found to be reported for this alloy. This work employs PVD coated carbide inserts with novel wiper edge geometry for face milling of Inconel 625 under dry cutting conditions. Cutting speed, feed per tooth and axial depth of cut have been taken as input variables and machining performance is evaluated in terms of tool life, tool wear analysis, material removed and surface integrity aspects (namely roughness and microhardness). Taguchi L8 array has been employed for experimentation phase followed by post experimental analysis. It is found that for tool life, axial depth of cut is the most significant factor with contribution of 45.43%. Maximum tool life of 42.8 min was achieved when machining was done employing lower values of feed (0.08 mm/tooth) and axial depth of cut (0.25 mm) with higher value of cutting speed (45 m/min). For the case of surface roughness, feed/tooth is found to be the most contributing factor (PCR 46.25%). Results are found to be correlating well with the cutting temperatures generated during the process. Experiments with minimum axial depth of cuts resulted in lesser temperatures and better output parameters in general. Review of the wear pattern via SEM analysis indicate adhesion, BUE, attrition and chipping to be the main wear mechanism in general except where higher axial depth of cut (0.5 mm) was employed that culminated in fracture. For the conditions where maximum tool life was obtained, a work-hardened layer was observed beneath the machined surface extending up to ∼400 μm depth. An indirect comparison of the results with other literature reported face milling scenarios of Inconel 625 (where other tool types are employed), seems to indicate the effectiveness of wiper inserts employed herein. The results are well explained and supported by the physical phenomenon involved.

Tooth effects on assembling bending stress of flexible tooth rim in harmonic drive

The maximum assembling stress in tooth rim mainly determines the ultra-high-cycle fatigue life of harmonic drive, which is a strength index in design. The present investigation aims to analyze the tooth effects on tooth rim's bending stiffness and stress concentration that affect the assembling bending stress. An analytical rack with detailed tooth geometries is constructed for calculating the bending stiffness of the rack via the integration of the second moment of varying-cross-area over an entire tooth pitch. The unknown equivalent tooth depth is determined by finite element analysis. Orthogonal simulations of stiffness coefficient and stress concentration factor are carried out numerically over rack models with two dimensionless parameters: relative root thickness and relative dedendum arc radius. The results show that the stress concentration factor varies parabolically with the relative dedendum arc radius and exponentially with the relative root thickness while the stiffness coefficient changes linearly with both parameters. Ultimately, characteristic formulae which provide general approaches to stiffness coefficient and stress concentration factor are concluded, and then verified by stress simulation of two-dimensional tooth rims and three-dimensional cup-shaped flexsplines, respectively.

Effects of Feed per Tooth and Radial Depth of Cut on Amplitude Parameters and Power Spectral Density of a Machined Surface.

Surface topography and roughness significantly affect the functional properties of engineering parts. In this study, a mathematical model simulating the surface topography in end milling is presented and verified by milling experiments. The three dimensional (3D) surface amplitude parameters (arithmetic average deviation Sba and root mean square deviation Sq) of the milled surface were calculated by using the model and the effects of the product (p) and ratio (r) of radial depth of cut ae and feed per tooth fz on amplitude parameters were researched. To evaluate the lateral characteristics of the milled surface, one dimensional (1D) power spectral densities (PSD) along both feed and step-over direction were calculated and investigated. It was found that fz affects 1D PSD along both directions, whereas ae affects 1D PSD along the step-over direction. An angular spectrum, derived from the area power spectral density (APSD), was employed to research the spatial distribution of spectral energy on the milled surface. Furthermore, the influences of p and r on the PSD properties were researched. It was found that r is the significant factor that influences the direction of surface energy spectrum distribution.

ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS MILLED OF STEEL AISI 1045 USING X-BAR AND R CONTROL CHART

The steel milling AISI 1045 has been gaining prominence in industry in recent years as it allows machined parts to be obtained with low-cost inserts. However, to ensure the final product quality, it is important that the milling for machining procedure be well planned in order to the cutters have their wear minimized in the process, as well as a considerable productivity rate with a zero occurrence of reworked parts or scraps. Thus, this paper presents a study about the quality of the machined surface on the end milling process of AISI 1045 steel using titanium nitride (TiN) coated carbide inserts, optimized for a combined design, using Design of Experiments (DOE). Statistical Process Control (SPC) is applied to analyze the process variations using X-bar and R control charts. The objective of this study is to identify the optimal combination of the input setup such as cutting speed (Vc), feed per tooth (fZ), work penetration (ae) and machining depth (ap) that is capable of minimize the process variation. The response measured is the roughness parameter Ra, observed under the influence of cutting fluid, tool wear, concentration and flow of the cutting fluid as noise. The obtained result was the stability of the Ra roughness for the AISI 1045 steel in end milling process, which is not influenced by noise variables due to Robust Parameter Design used in this study

Accuracy of paralleling technique in measuring the depth of approximal infrabony pocket

To assess the accuracy of paralleling technique in measuring the depth of approximal infrabony pocket after periodontal flap surgery by comparing the measured and actual depths. The study population included 26 patients with infrabony defects who had undergone periodontal flap surgery, bone graft surgery, and guided tissue regene-ration. The measured and actual depths of approximal infrabony pocket after periodontal flap surgery were compared. The 26 infrabony defects were categorized into the following groups according to tooth position: anterior teeth, premolar, and molar groups, and according to type of infrabony pocket: one-walled, two-walled, and three-walled infrabony pocket groups. Paired t-test was used to detect the difference between the two values. Depth measurements of the approximal infrabony pocket depth of the anterior teeth and premolar were not significantly different (P>0.05), whereas those of the molar group were significantly different (P<0.05). In addition, depth measurements in one-walled and two-walled infrabony pocket groups showed no significant differences (P>0.05), whereas those in the three-walled infrabony pocket group were significantly different (P<0.05). Paral-leling technique can accurately measure the depth of approximal infrabony pockets of anterior teeth and premolar teeth that are one- or two-walled. However, this method cannot accurately measure the approximal infrabony pockets of molar teeth and three-walled infrabony pockets as indicated by significant differences in their depth measurements.

Effect of dental implantation on the hard and soft tissues around the adjacent natural teeth.

Dental implantation has become widespread for esthetic and functional rehabilitation following single tooth loss as a preferred alternative to conventional tooth-supported restorations. The main advantage of dental implant placement is that it does not require the preparation of the adjacent sound teeth. The aim of this cohort study was to assess the effect of dental implantation on the hard and soft tissues around the adjacent natural teeth. In this historical cohort, 34 'connect-type' TBR® implants (bone level), 4 mm in diameter, were submerged in the intact bone of 22 patients (7 males and 15 females). The intraoral and extraoral clinical examination as well as periapical radiography were carried out preoperatively or right after surgery (baseline), at 3 months postoperatively (the time of prosthetic delivery), and at 3 and 6 months after prosthetic delivery. The data was analyzed using the Friedman test (due to the non-normal distribution of the data). In case of presence of a significant difference, pairwise comparisons were performed using the post-hoc Wilcoxon test with the Bonferroni correction. All statistical analyses were performed with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the SPSS for Windows, v. 16.0 software. The p‑value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the adjacent teeth to the bone crest significantly increased at different postoperative time points compared to baseline (p < 0.001). The changes in the papillae of the adjacent teeth were also significant at different postoperative time points (p = 0.04). The pocket depth of the adjacent teeth increased, although the value at 3 months postoperatively was not significantly different from the baseline value (p = 0.842). The distance from the implant shoulder to the bone crest of the adjacent teeth significantly increased at different postoperative time points compared to baseline (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that implant surgery significantly affects the soft and hard tissues around the adjacent natural teeth.