Toothbrushing Method Research Articles

Application of a three-session-procedure based on experiential learning in a tooth brushing course for Chinese dental students

BackgroundChinese dentists are obliged to provide reliable guidance to patients about tooth brushing. However, attitudes and behaviours of Chinese dental students regarding oral health have been insufficient. Traditionally, dental students were taught how to brush, but not how to evaluate tooth brushing. Here, we applied a three-session-procedure (TSP) based on experiential learning (EL) in a tooth brushing course for Chinese dental students. The aim was to improve dental students’ knowledge, practice of tooth brushing and self-evaluation, which may help cultivate their ability to conduct evaluation for friends, relatives and future patients.MethodsA quasi-experimental study design with a pre-test and post-test group was applied. A total of 176 students were enrolled in the TSP, which included a 1.5-h lecture course, a 3-h practice course for evaluation and comparison of manual and electric tooth brushing, and an after-class experience report. A survey including a knowledge test and a questionnaire on tooth brushing habits and opinions about the TSP was conducted 2 weeks later. The data about tooth brushing and the survey were collected and analysed.ResultsManual and electric tooth brush demonstrated almost equal overall efficiency in reducing plaque. However, for some students, either manual or electric tooth brushing was more suitable. Thus, it is advisable to estimate the exact differences in the efficiency of tooth brushing methods for each individual. The survey showed that tooth brushing by dental students significantly improved after TSP. The students could make self-evaluation and proper recommendations to family members and friends. The TSP was helpful in interpreting and evaluating manual and electric tooth brushing methods.ConclusionsA TSP course improved dental students’ knowledge, practice of tooth brushing and self-evaluation. In conclusion, a TSP based on EL is an effective and well-organized method of education on tooth brushing for Chinese dental students.

Dental and oral health education for elderly age group: Full and partial edentulous teeth brushing method

Aims: The objective of this research is to form independent cadres and could provide counseling and training on how to brush full/partial edentulous teeth the right way to the elderly in nursing home. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 12 participants with posttest only group design. Participants are given the theory of toothbrushing method of edentulous teeth, practical demonstration, and evaluation. To measure the knowledge level, there is a posttest and socialization ability test for respondents.Results: The average achievement percentage of respondents about knowledge and application of the elderly toothbrushing method was 96.67%, and the achievement percentage of respondent's success about the socialization ability was 87.66%. Conclusions: Based on empowerment results, most cadres understood about how to brush elderly teeth properly and socialize it to their elderly friends about how to brush their teeth properly.

Oral Health Status, Treatment Needs and Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Hearing Impaired Adults in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

The primary objective was to determine the oral health status and treatment needs among hearing-impaired (HI) adults. Second, to assess the relationship between the oral health variables and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) by using General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI)-Ar questionnaire among HI adults in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. A total of 146 HI adults between the age groups of 18-21, 22-25, and >25 years were included in the study. A convenient sampling technique was used to obtain the study sample. Oral health condition was recorded by using oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). The WHO methodology was used to record dental caries and treatment needs. The Saudi Arabian version of GOHAI-Ar questionnaire was used to gather information with regard to OHRQoL. A sign language expert communicated information between HI and investigator while answering the questionnaire. More than half of the HI had fair OHI-S (55.2%) and PI score (54.2%), while 60.1% of HI had moderate gingival inflammation. The prevalence of dental caries (82.2%) and treatment needs (85.6%) were found to be high. Mean oral hygiene scores between Saudi and non-Saudi nationals [(1.64) vs (1.12), p = 0.041] showed significant differences. Missing and filled teeth showed significant differences across different age groups (p = 0.000). The mean GOHAI-Ar was found to be low (14.44 ± 9.59). Spearman's test showed a significant positive correlation between the GOHAI-Ar score and the toothbrushing method (r = 0.164, p = 0.047). Toothbrushing time, oral hygiene material, last visit to dentist, OHI-S score, PI score, decayed, missing, and decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) scores were negatively correlated with GOHAI-Ar. Speech was the main concern for the HI. There was a fair oral hygiene, moderate gingival inflammation, high caries experience, and treatment needs with low GOHAI-Ar scores indicating poor OHRQoL among HI.

Effectiveness of "Audio-tactile Performance Technique" to improve the oral hygiene status of visually impaired schoolchildren.

Maintaining oral hygiene is a challenging task for the visually impaired population. Oral health is often overlooked because of lack of knowledge about oral health practices. Therefore, there was a need to train visually impaired individuals with the aid of customized techniques so that the understanding of brushing technique could be perceived at its best. Comparative evaluation to check the effectiveness of "Audio-tactile Performance Technique (ATP)" to improve oral hygiene status of visually impaired schoolchildren. The present study was an interventional study of 92 visually impaired children in Wardha district. Their knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices was tested with a verbal questionnaire in a pre- and post-test to check the improvement in their knowledge after imparting health education. Fones method of toothbrushing was taught by "ATP," and a health talk was delivered. The plaque scores were recorded using the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (modified by Turesky et al.) at baseline and at the end of 3 months. Periodic reinforcement was provided twice at an interval of 20 days in between the visits. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using Student's paired t-test in Stata version 15.1, and kappa statistics were done to test inter-rater reliability and agreement was found to be 90%. There was a statistically significant decrease in the postinterventional plaque scores from 2.78 to 1.63 (P < 0.05) and an increase in the posthealth education test scores from 1.98 to 8.21 (P < 0.05). A substantial decrease in the percentage of children, who had high plaque scores initially, was seen postintervention. The "ATP" along with oral health education served as a very effective customized method of teaching oral hygiene practices and its maintenance to the visually impaired children.

Efficacy of different tooth-brushing methods for removing dental plaque

Efficacy of different tooth-brushing methods for removing dental plaque

Tooth Brushing in Children

Toothbrush is a well-known tool in oral care. Effective tooth brushing can help in the management of dental caries and periodontal disease. Familiarity of children with this device is important. Dentists and their assistant need adequate information about children's oral hygiene to educate them and their parents. The aim of this review was to pinpoint the main issues of brushing teeth in children such as toothbrush design, methods of tooth brushing, and possible hazards of tooth brushing. In conclusion, tooth brushing twice daily under parent's supervision is recommended. Parents can help children and keep them safe from possible hazardous events.

Effectiveness between two tooth brushing methods on removing dental plaque

Background: Biofilm usually is a group of micro-organisms in which bacterial cells adhere to each other. It may form on a living or non-living surfaces within a self-produced matrix of glycocalx. Recently, plaque has been identified as a biofilm, and its structure, microbiology and patho-physiology have been described. The effectiveness between modified bass technique and normal brushing technique has been compared in this study. Material &amp; Methods: Sixty auxiliary workers working in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Plaque accumulation was assessed on the index teeth using Silness and Loe plaque index. Both normal tooth brushing practices and modified Bass technique were asked to perform using a standard tooth brush and fluoridated dentifrices without label was used for all the subjects after the morning breakfast. The difference of the PI scores recorded in different examinations was assessed using ANCOVA test. Results: The mean PI score was found similar for normal brushing and modified bass technique at the base line examination (P&lt;0.05). The modified Bass technique was more effective in removing plaque than normal tooth brushing (P&lt;0.05) Conclusion: Tooth brushing is the most common, easy and effective method of plaque control. At the same time tooth brushing with correct technique reduces plaque effectively and maintains the integrity of tooth and surrounding periodontium. Modified Bass technique plays a vital role in prevention of plaque control, dental caries and periodontal disease. Journal of Nobel Medical College Volume 7, Number 1, Issue 12, January-June 2018, Page: 26-29

Relationship between Oral Health Care and Happiness in Dental Hospital Patients

Background/Objectives: This study is to suggest the oral health promotion plan for the happy life by grasping the close relation between oral health care and happiness in dental hospital patients. Methods/Statistical analysis: The subjects of this study were selected as patients who came to some dental hospitals in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The subjects were selected as the convenience sampling method and the purpose of the study was explained to the patient. Self-administered questionnaires were administered to subjects voluntarily participating in the study. The responses to the questionnaires were 359 respondents, excluding 19 who responded unfairly to the 378respondents. Findings: Overall happiness was 3.55 points. Among the items of euphoria, the feeling of happiness felt at home was the highest at 4.17 points. Secondly, the feeling of happiness felt when social life was good was 3.89 points. The next was the feeling of happiness when feeling healthy, and the feeling of happiness when feeling economical.The relationship between oral health care and overall happiness is as follows. Significant variables were the number of toothbrushes per day and oral health education. The overall happiness was higher when the number of brushings per day was more than 3 times. Overall oral well-being was high when they received oral health education. The explanatory power of the variables was 52.1.The overall happiness was higher with more intake of clean food and protection food, and the explanatory power of the variable was 55.0.Overall happiness was higher with more intake of Clean food and Protection food, and the explanatory power of the variable was 55.0. Improvements/Applications:Oral health education should be actively pursued so that the proper method and frequency of tooth brushing of Dental Hospital Patients, and the use of oral hygiene products.

Differences in the oral health behaviour of the 12-years-old children in rural and urban areas

Introduction: The oral diseases have increased significantly in the past decade. The Health Service of Cimahi reports showed an increasing number of oral diseases. Behaviour plays an important role in preventing oral disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the oral health behavior of the 12-years-old children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi. Methods: The research type was analytic with the cross-sectional design. The sample was determined using pathfinder survey method from oral health surveys basic methods. Data were collected through a questionnaire containing knowledge and attitudes, observations of practice assessed in the checklist and assessment of the health status of the teeth using the Patient Hygiene Performance Data Index and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results showed that children in both rural and urban areas were having a good knowledge and positive attitude. Both the rural and urban children were doing the improper tooth brushing methods, and the children in the rural area had a fair PHP index value whilst the children in the urban area had a poor value. There were significant differences in the knowledge (p = 0.017), there was no significant difference in the attitude (p = 0.312) and practice (p = 1.000) in children of both rural and urban areas. Conclusion: Difference only found in the oral health knowledge of the 12-years-old children in the rural and urban area of the city of Cimahi.

Efficacy of four toothbrushes on removal of plaque with modified Bass technique in Dental Hygiene Students at Cali

Summary: Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of four different designed toothbrushes (Colgate Microsonic ®, Colgate Twister Fresh®, Colgate 360 Sensitive® y Colgate 360®) to determine the clinical advantage on removal of plaque using modified Bass technique in dental hygiene students in Cali. Methods: This is a controlled clinical trial to compare the efficacy of four toothbrushes designs with different tooth brushing methods in 200 female dental hygiene students with ages from 15 to 43. Control group used any tooth brushing technique whereas test group used modified Bass technique. Follow up was made daily for 21 days with O´Leary Plaque Index. Results: Colgate Twister Fresh® toothbrush had more probability to reduce plaque index at any time of follow up period than other toothbrushes. Modified Bass technique had more chance to reduce plaque than other techniques but with no significant differences. Conclusions: there were no statistically significant differences between tooth brush techniques. None of the four designs of studied toothbrushes showed differences in regard to plaque elimination. Key words: Manual toothbrushes. Modified Bass tooth brushing technique. Dental plaque control. Oral hygiene practices.

Decreased frequency and duration of tooth brushing is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction

BackgroundPeriodontal disease is associated with endothelial dysfunction, leading to cardiovascular disease. The effect of detailed tooth brushing behavior, not only frequency but also duration of tooth brushing, on endothelial function is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of detailed methods of tooth brushing with vascular function. MethodsWe evaluated flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation, and frequency and duration of tooth brushing in 896 subjects. We divided the subjects into three groups according to the frequency and duration of tooth brushing: low frequency and short duration group (<twice/day and <2min/procedure), low frequency or short duration group (<twice/day or <2min/procedure), non-low frequency and non-short duration group (≥twice/day and ≥2min/procedure). ResultsFMD in the low frequency and short duration group was significantly lower than FMD in the low frequency or short duration group and FMD in the non-low frequency and non-short duration group [3.1 (2.7)% vs. 4.2 (3.1)% and 4.7 (3.1)%, P=0.001 and <0.001, respectively]. Nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation was similar in the three groups. Using the non-low frequency and non-short duration group as the reference, the low frequency and short duration of tooth brushing group was significantly associated with an increased odds ratio of a low FMD tertile after adjustment for conventional risk factors (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.39–3.59; P<0.001). ConclusionsThese findings suggest that low frequency and short duration of tooth brushing are associated with endothelial dysfunction.Clinical trial registration information: URL for clinical trial: http://UMIN; registration number for clinical trial: UMIN000003409.

Etiological Aspects of Noncarious Dental Lesions.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to correlate etiological factors with noncarious cervical lesions in a group of patients from Craiova. Material and Methods: The study was conducted between November 2015 and May 2016 on 50 patients, aged 18-56 years, who addressed to the Oral Rehabilitation Clinic, from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova. Patients were divided into two groups: the study group consists of patients who had noncarious cervical dental lesions (NCCLs) and the control group with patients who did not have noncarious cervical lesions. Each patient underwent a clinical examination and completed a questionnaire, referring to eating habits, oral hygiene, vicious habits and personal impressions about the appearance and functionality of his teeth, highlighting the factors involved in the noncarious dental lesions etiology. Results: The study group consisted of 64% women and 36% men. Noncarious cervical lesions were higher in men (72.22%) compared to women (56.25%). Regarding on the tooth brushing method, it has been noted that 34% of patients used a vertical tooth brushing method, 52% were using a circular brushing method, while 14% were practicing a horizontal tooth brushing method. Cervical sensitivity has been detected in 48% of the patients, against 52% who showed no sensitivity. 62% of the participants did not have bruxism, while nighttime/daytime bruxism was found in 38% of the patients. Conclusions: There are several etiological factors correlated with noncarious cervical lesions, among which are: tooth brushing method, bruxism, eating behaviors.

Assessment of Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods of Tooth Brushing on Oral Hygiene Status in Adults

ABSTRACT Introduction Tooth brushing plays a vital role in effective plaque control, which depends on the effectiveness of the particular method and the ease with which the procedure is carried out. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of different teaching methods of tooth brushing on oral hygiene status in adults. Materials and methods Eighty subjects were divided into four groups, each with 20 and assigned to different training methods. Twenty subjects were in control group and the rest in the experimental group. Each experimental group was further subdivided into two groups, namely reinforcers and nonreinforcers, with 10 subjects in each group. The plaque scores of these subjects were measured before and 1 week after the training sessions. The data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results There was significant reduction in the plaque scores due to different training methods (f = 12.218, p &lt; 0.05). Maximum reduction was seen in the instruction on cast method. There was significant difference in the plaque scores in the reinforcers and nonreinforcers (f = 4.897, p &lt; 0.05). A small survey conducted among participants revealed that individual as a model was an easy method to learn brushing. Conclusion The instruction on cast method was effective in reducing the plaque scores compared with the other methods. How to cite this article Asif M, Shobha KS, Chatterjee A. Assessment of Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods of Tooth Brushing on Oral Hygiene Status in Adults. J Health Sci Res 2017;8(1):25-30.

Oral Health Care Program for the Disabled Persons Using the Toothpick Tooth-Brushing Method

Oral Health Care Program for the Disabled Persons Using the Toothpick Tooth-Brushing Method

Oral hygiene behaviour of a group of healthy students

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to get a picture of the daily oral hygiene behaviour of a group of healthy Dutch students in the age range of 18 to 30 years and its relation to oral health. On the basis of a questionnaire, the students were interviewed concerning their oral hygiene behaviour. The level of gingivitis and the level of tongue coating were analysed in relation to the results of the questionnaire. The study revealed that the majority brushed their teeth twice a day. The different methods of tooth brushing and the use of a manual or electric toothbrush had no significant effect on the clinical parameters in this study population. A small group used an interdental cleaning method daily. The toothpick was the aid most often used and its use resulted in a significant reduction of the tendency to interdental bleeding. The use of a tongue cleaner had no statistically significant effect on the level of tongue coating.

부산시 일부 성인의 구강위생관리습관에 따른 치아우식 및 치주병 이환 경험에 관한 연구

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to find out dental caries and periodontal disease based on oral healthcare of adults in Busan. This study will provide the preventive oral healthcare for the periodontal diseases and dental caries. Methods: The study subjects were 369 people from the regular dental health checkup in the general hospital in Busan. After receiving informed consent, a self-reported questionnaire was completed from October 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of dental caries and periodontal diseases by direct examination and toothbrushing method. Data were analyzed by  test, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson’s correlation. Results: In the morbidity of dental caries and periodontal diseases, the dental caries was most common in those having restored teeth(236 subjects, 64%), while periodontal diseases were found in mild cases of gingival inflammation in 285 subjects(77.2%), and mild cases of dental calculus in 274 subjects(73.4%). Most of the respondents replied that they did not have systemic disease or oral health related symptoms. According to toothbrushing pattern, dental caries experiences were most common in those having less frequent toothbrushing less than 3 minutes and no tongue brushing. The outbreak of dental caries was more common in 5 times than 3 to 4 times a day. Conclusions: The education of the right toothbrushing method and use of dental floss is the most important prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease in the adults.

장기입원환자와 일반인의 구강건강관련 특성 비교

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare the oral health related characteristics between a long-term patients and general population. Methods: A direct interview questionnaire was completed by 160 patients and 165 general people from January 16 to April 31, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, subjective health status, oral health behaviors, and needs of oral health. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The long-term patients reported that most of them were denture wearers(38.1%), and had oral disease symptoms(62.5%) and xerostomia(65.6%). Most of the long-term patients were ex-smoker(31.3%) and did not receive regular dental check-up(92.5%). They did not know tooth brushing method(31.3%) and brushed their teeth less than twice a day(47.5%). Those who used tooth brush for more than 6 months accounted for 47.5%. Most of them did not use auxiliary oral hygiene devices(85.6%). The patients answered that oral health is not important(6.9%), oral health education is not necessary(7.5%), and oral cleaning(26.3%) should be included in oral health education. Conclusions: The self-reported oral health status of the long-term patients much more serious than the general population. It is necessary to educate the continuing oral health management program for the long-term patients.

성인의 치주질환에 관한 지식, 인식과 신념에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 학교사회구성원들의 치주질환인식도, 지식, 신념 및 태도와 치주건강을 분석하여 구강보건교육과 계속적인 관리를 위한 방법을 연구하는 기초 자료를 마련하고자 구강보건실을 내방하는 환자들을 대상으로 치주질환에 대한 생각과 치주건강도를 조사하여 관련 영향요인을 파악하였다. 치주질환의 기술 역학적 특성의 인지도는 2.77점, 초기의 치은염 증상에 대한 지식 정도에 관한 문항의 평균은 2.97점, 치주질환 발생요인에 대한 인지도에 관한 문항의 평균은 2.90점, 치주질환의 예방 및 치료에 대한 인지도에 관한 문항의 평균은 2.95점, 치주질환에 대한 신념 및 태도에 관한 문항의 평균은 3.04로 높고 올바른 인지도, 지식도, 신념 및 태도를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 치주질환 관련 문항 중 비교적 낮은 점수의 문항은 노화에 의한 치아상실에 대한 인식과 음식물과 치주질환 예방과 발생과의 관계 인지, 칫솔질 시간과 잇몸건강과의 관계, 올바른 칫솔질 방법과 관리법 등이었다. 초기의 치은염 증상에 대한 지식 정도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 연령과 음주횟수, 치주낭 깊이, 성별이었으며, 치주질환 발생요인에 대한 인지도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별, 나이, 3분 칫솔질이, 치주질환의 예방 및 치료에 대한 인지도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 음주횟수가 유의한 영향관계에 있는 것으로 나타나 건강을 위한 생활행태 개선이 필요한 것으로 파악되었다. The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness and knowledge of school organizational members about peridontal diseases, their belief in the diseases, attitude and periodontal health in an effort to provide some information on how to ensure successful oral health education and incremental dental care. The subjects in this study were the selected patients who visited school dental clinics. Their ideas of periodontal diseases and periodontal health were analyzed to determine the influential factors. They got a mean of 2.77 in awareness of the epidemiologic characteristics of periodontal diseases, 2.97 in knowledge on the initial symptoms of gingivitis, 2.90 in awareness of the causes of periodontal diseases, 2.95 in awareness of the prevention and treatment of peridontal diseases, and 3.04 in belief in periodontal diseases and attitude. Thus, they had a good understanding and knowledge of periodontal diseases, and they had the right belief and the right attitude as well. They scored relatively lower in several items of periodontal diseases: awareness of tooth loss caused by aging, awareness of the relationship of food to the prevention and occurrence of periodontal diseases, the relationship between toothbrushing time and gingival health, the right toothbrushing method and the right way of dental care.

요양보호사의 노인 구강보건에 대한 지식과 인식도 연구

The study aims to examine the knowledge and awareness of care workers on oral health knowledge at the geriatric care facilities in order to improve and develop oral health services. For the research method, the study carried out a questionnaire survey to 163 care workers working at the geriatric care facilities (10) in D Metropolitan City from May 1~31, 2015 and then the collected data were statistically analyzed. As a result, the oral health knowledge of care workers was 20.09 points out of total 26 points (77.2%). The highest knowledge was 'proper toothbrushing method' with 93.0% and the lowest one was 'knowledge on the use of oral supplementary goods' with 58.1%. Those with experience of oral health education had higher demand on oral health education (P

PERBEDAAN EFEKTIVITAS MENYIKAT GIGI METODE HORIZONTAL DAN METODE FONES TERHADAP PENURUNAN INDEKS PLAK GIGI PADA ANAK TUNANETRA USIA 6-13 TAHUN DI SEMARANG

Introduction: Children with special needs have physical limitations and the ability to maintain their oral hygiene, so it needs to be chosen the proper tooth brushing methods for maintaining oral hygiene and prevent periodontal disease.Purpose: This study aimed to know differences of the effectiveness of horizontal tooth brushing methods and foneson the dental plaque index in children with visual impairment.Methods: This research was a quasy experimental laboratory with pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted on 26 blind children aged 6-13 years in MILB YKTM Budi Asih, SLB-A DriaAdi, and SLB Negeri Semarang that were divided into two groups of horizontal and fonestooth brushing method. Dental plaque was measured using PHP plaque index, examined the dental crown facial or lingual parts by dividing each tooth crown into 5 subdivisions, plaque index inspected before and after 1 week of brushing method application, then analyzed by paired t-test and independent t test at a significance level ofp &lt;0.05. Results: The mean of plaque index before and after brushing the teeth with horizontal method was 2.56 and 0.956 down to 1.61, whereas in the fonesmethod was 3.03 and 1.68down to 1.35. Plaque index before and after brushing teeth both on horizontal and fones method was statistically significant(p &lt;0.05). But the effectiveness of both methods were not different or similar (p = 0.179).Conclusion: There was no difference of effectiveness between horizontal and fones tooth brushing methods on the dental plaque index in children with visual impairment.