Toona Sureni Research Articles

The test of suren (Toona sureni) leaf extract potential as insecticide of grayak caterpillar

Noviana E, Sholahuddin, Widadi S. 2012. The test of suren (Toona sureni) leaf extract potential as insecticide of grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) on soybean. Biofarmasi 10: 46-53. Grayak caterpillar (Spodoptera litura F.) is an important pest in the most of food crops (polyphagous). The control of S. litura generally still uses the chemical insecticides that negatively affect the environment and ecosystem. One of the ways of environmentally friendly control was with vegetable insecticides. Suren (Toona sureni Blume) has an opportunity to be used as plant-based insecticide because of the abundant presence. Suren acts as an insect repellent. Suren contains surenone, surenin and surenolactone that act as repellent, growth inhibitor, insecticide and anti-feedant. This study aimed to determine the effect of suren leaf extract on S. litura and soybean (Glycine max L.) crops. This research was conducted in FebruaryMay 2011 at the Laboratory of Plant Pest and Disease and the Greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments repeated in three times. Data were analyzed by F-test at 5% of significance level and a Duncan test. Suren leaf was extracted with water then made in concentrations of 50%; 25%; 12.5%; 6.25% and 0%. In the laboratory test, it was used a leaf dip method. The treatment was conducted in the first 24 hours, then it was used the feed without the treatment and observed until the next generation. In the field test, larvae was invested in plants one day before the treatment for an adaptation. Observation was conducted up to seven days after application. The results showed that the application of suren leaf extract up to 50% concentration had not been able to cause the death of S. litura larvae. The suren leaf extract was toxic to S. litura, indicated by the emphasis of eating activity of S. litura, so that the damage caused to be lower and reduced the level of fertility and fecundity so that it could reduce the population of S. litura in the next generation. The application of suren leaf extract in soybean plant by a spray method showed the results that a low concentration extract (6.25%) was more effective to suppress the damage up to 51%. The texture of a high concentration extract was so thick, so that it was unable to spread to the plant parts and formed clumps that fall to the ground, because the leaves were unable to support the fluid clumps of extract. The application of suren leaf extract caused the phytotoxic symptoms in soybean plants with increasing concentration.

Anticancer Activity and Chemical Compounds of Suren Heartwood Extract (Toona sureni)

The aims of this research were to determine the yield extracts from continuous extraction of suren heatwood (Toona sureni) in n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents, to evaluate this extracts using in vitro anticancer tests (antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality test /BSLT, antiproliferative effects to HeLa servical cancer cell lines, Raji limphoma cancer cell lines, and Vero normal cell lines), and to analyze the best extract based on the anticancer activities. This experiment showed that the yield of methanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were 0.43%, 0.25%, and 0.18% respectively. The methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts had the high antioxidant activities with EC50 51 and 68 μg ml-1 respectively. Based on BSLT, the ethyl acetate extract was the most active extract (LC50 40 μg ml-1), it followed by the methanolic extract (LC50 116 68 μg ml-1 ), and the n-hexane extract (LC50 161 68 μg ml-1). Further testing showed that the ethyl acetate extract had high antiproliferative effects to Raji (IC50 31 μg ml-1) and HeLa (IC50 65 μg ml-1), but it was more secure against Vero cell lines (IC50 105 μg ml-1). Whereas compounds such as catechol, linalool, and sitosterol contributed to the high anticancer activities of this ethyl acetate extract. Key words: anticancer activity, HeLa cell lines, Raji cell lines, Toona sureni, Vero cell lines

ANALISIS SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DARI EKSTRAK METANOL DAUN SURIAN YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN

Secondary Metabolites Analysis of Methanol Extract of Surian (Toona sureni (Bl.) Merr) Leaf as Antioxidant Potential. The study of performed secondary metabolites from the methanol extract of Surian (Toona sureni (Bl.) Merr) leaves have been done by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method. The result showed that methanol extract of Surian leaves consist of alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol and terpenoid. All of them positively have the ability to scavenge 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). It has IC50 (4.80) are smaller than the ascorbat acid standard (IC50 = 9.23). Keywords: antioxidant, diphenyl picrylhydrazyl, Toona sureni

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHYL GALLATE ISOLATED FROM THE LEAVES OF Toona sureni

An antioxidant compound has been isolated from the leaves of Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. The structure was determined to be methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate), based on UV-vis, FTIR, NMR and MS spectra. The isolated compound exhibited potent antioxidant activity in the α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test, with IC50 value 1.02 μg/mL. Keywords: antioxidant activity, methyl gallate, Toona sureni

KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN JENIS LIANA (TUMBUHAN MEMANJAT) PADA HUTAN ALAM DI HUTAN PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN

Liana is group of climbing species which is typical and characterize the tropical rain forest. This species have important value both ecologically and economically. However, data on this group on species in South Sulawesi, in particular in the Hasanuddin University Experimental Forest is not yet available.This study aimed to determine the diversity and abudance liana species present in the natural forest area of Hasanuddin University Experimental Forest. 15 plots was set in the order to observe the diversity and abudance of liana species. The data were analysed and presented interm of important value index, diversity index, abudance index, and evenness index. The results showed that there were various species of liana in which there were found 81 species, consist of 764 individuals. The most common species was Smilax sp, wich mostly claimb on Toona sureni, Buchanania arboreschense and Flacortia rucam as a host. Key words: diversity, abudance, liana, natural forest, Hasanuddin University Experimental Forest

Pengaruh Metode Pengeringan dan Jenis Sortimen Kayu Suren terhadap Kecepatan dan Cacat Pengeringan

Effect of Drying Method and Lumber Dimension on Drying Rate and Defects of Suren WoodEfforts to improve productivity of wood industry must be supported by increasing supply of wood as raw materials. The limited wood supply due to natural forest degradation can be increased by wood harvested from plantation forests, including wood of suren (Toona sureni Merr) as one species composing the forests. In timber processing wood drying is an important aspect determining product quality. This study aimed to identify the effect of drying method and sortimen dimension on drying character of suren wood.Trunks of 3 suren trees of seven to nine years old were cut from Manggihan village, Getasan district, Semarang regency. The bolts were sawn (using blambangan method) to obtain sortimen papan wood of 3 cm (thickness), 8 cm (width), and 210 cm (length) and sortiment usuk wood of 4 cm, 6 cm and 210 cm. Beside two levels of sortimen size, two levels of drying method, e.g. natural and solar drying were also used in this research. Resulted data were analyzed with factorial complete randomized design. Measured parameters consisted of drying rate, dimension shrinkage and some drying defects e.g. bowing, cupping, end check, surface check and fungi infection.Research results showed that drying methods significantly affect drying rate, but not other parameters. Also, product dimension affects significantly to drying rate, but not other parameters. Interactions between the two factors did not give any significant effect on all parameter. To produce the same drying level on the same product size, solar drying method is faster than natural one. To reach dry wood with 14% moisture content in solar drying method, sortimen papan and usuk needs 23 and 26.8 drying days respectively, while in natural drying method, the same product size needs 44.6 and 48.50 days of drying respectively.

Surenone and surenin, two novel tetranortriterpenoids from Toona sureni [blume] merrill.

Ether extraction of the dried leaves of Toona sureni followed by chromatograhy afforded two new tetranortriterpenoids for which structures ( 2 ) and 3 ) are proposed on the basis of MS, NMR, and IR data.

A new species of Anathamna Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) on Toona sureni in Papua New Guinea

AbstractA tortricid moth belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae, reared from larvae feeding in seeds of Toona sureni (Meliaceae) in Papua New Guinea, is described and named Anathamna spermatophaga sp. n. Damage to the shoots was similar to that caused by larvae of the toon shoot and fruit boring pyralid moth Hypsipyla robusta (Moore).

Host Preferences of Hypsipyla robusta (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in West Java

SUMMARY Most new attacks on host trees by the mahogany shoot borer occurred in September, October and November, coinciding with the rainy season and the flush of new growth on the trees. Adult moths were active throughout the year but few were caught in light traps from late December to late August. Progressive attack on new shoots produced a typical “bushy-top” condition, but severe damage was related to both age and size of trees. Larvae demonstrated a distinct preference for Swietenia macrophylla in two-way choice systems over Khaya anthotlieca and Toona sureni. Albizia falcataria, a non-host (not a natural food-plant of H. robusta), was not attacked when a food-plant was available.