This paper discussed instructional supervision as a vital administrative tool for improving teachers’ job performance in Somalia public primary schools. Instructional supervision is a series of actions intended to enhance the process of teaching and learning. The performance of teachers as highlighted in the paper is measured in terms of syllabus completion, lesson planning, and preparations, assessment and evaluation, and regular attendance. Supervision practices that can improve teaching performance include checking attendance in schools, inspecting the adequate interpretation of the curriculum and appropriate use of teaching methods, and evaluating the results of instructional activities in Somalia. The paper also noted some major challenges faced in supervision and identified that there are inadequate supervisory personnel, lack of proper training, lack of motivation, and poor leadership. The paper recommended the provision of in-service training programs to the supervisors in duties to enhance their capacity of practicing modern supervision. This can provide the supervisory skills needed and Proper staffing of the supervisory personnel by the educational administrators.