Tool Inserts Research Articles

A Novel Feature-Based Manufacturability Assessment System for Evaluating Selective Laser Melting and Subtractive Manufacturing Injection Moulding Tool Inserts

Challenges caused by design complexities during the design stages of a product must be coordinated and overcome by the selection of a suitable manufacturing approach. Additive manufacturing (AM) is capable of fabricating complex shapes, yet there are limiting aspects to surface integrity, dimensional accuracy, and, in some instances, design restrictions. Therefore, the goal is essentially to establish the complex areas of a tool during the design stage to achieve the desired quality levels for the corresponding injection moulding tool insert. When adopting a manufacturing approach, it is essential to acknowledge limitations and restrictions. This paper presents the development of a feature-based manufacturability assessment system (FBMAS) to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating selective laser melting (SLM), a metal-based AM technology, with subtractive manufacturing for any given part. The areas on the tool inserts that hold the most geometrical complexities to manufacture are focused on the FBMAS and the design features that are critical for the FBMAS are defined. Furthermore, the structural approach used for developing the FBMAS graphical user interface is defined while explaining how it can be operated effectively and in a user-friendly approach. The systematic approach established is successful in capturing the benefits of SLM and subtractive methods of manufacturing, whilst defining design limitations of each manufacturing method. Finally, the FBMAS developed was validated and verified against the criteria set by experts in the field, and the system’s logic was proven to be accurate when tested. The decision recommendations proved to correlate with the determined recommendations of the field experts in evaluating the feature manufacturability of the tool inserts.

Cutting temperature of graphene reinforced ceramic cutting tool inserts during dry turning of hardened steels

The amount of heat generated during machining operations under high speed and depth of cut inherently produces high temperatures at the cutting zone. Therefore, the temperature generated at the cutting junction of the tool and workpiece is a crucial parameter in determining the quality of the finished product. The effect of the generated cutting temperature, especially at elevated temperatures, primarily affects both the workpiece and the cutting tool. Knowledge of the cutting temperature generated at the tool tip can improve tool life and machining performance. In this work, turning operations were performed on a hardened steel workpiece of grade EN24 and EN36 using alumina-graphene composite ceramic tool inserts under different machining conditions on a precision lathe without coolant (dry machining). The maximum temperatures generated (offset temperature, i.e., 4 mm away from the tool insert tip) at the tool insert were measured during the turning of hardened steel workpieces with the aid of a calibrated thermocouple. A study was also conducted on the effect of different weight percentages of graphene in alumina ceramic tool inserts on the generated offset temperatures. During the machining of both the EN24 and EN36 samples, it was clearly observed that offset temperatures generated at composite tool inserts reinforced with 0.35 wt% and 0.45 wt% of graphene were lower at all machining conditions compared to offset temperature values generated at 0.15 wt%, 0.25 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.65 wt% graphene-reinforced alumina ceramic tool inserts, as well as pure alumina tool inserts.

Digital Twin Framework for Lathe Tool Condition Monitoring in Machining of Aluminium 5052


 
 
 Digital Twin (DT) is a virtual representation of a product system that exhibits the properties and analyzes the system’s functions. The significant impact of DT extends to several fields, which increases productivity and reduces wastage. This article focuses on developing a Digital twin model of a Lathe machine for Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM). DT implementation in industries is challenging due to simulating online cutting forces and wear. Even though several pieces of research have been carried out in the prediction of tool conditions using machine learning, Artificial Neural network models, only a few pieces of research have been made in digital twins for TCM. This article provides the technique for implementing the DT model of a lathe tool. The feasibility of the DT Model framework is verified by a case study of the turning process with a CNC Lathe machine while machining of Aluminium 5052 workpiece using Titanium Nitride coated tool inserts. The sensor’s data are acquired and fed to the microcontroller for real-time data acquisition. The real-time dataset is processed in the DT model for monitoring and predicting the tool conditions. The tool wear classification using the DT model is achieved. Developing the Digital Twin model in machining increases productivity and assists in predictive maintenance.
 
 

Study of cutting force in turning of AISI- 304 steel using mono and hybrid graphene nanoparticles enriched cutting fluid

In manufacturing industries turning hard materials like AISI 304 steel is very challenging because of its low ability to heat dissipation. When these kinds of materials are perform machining, heat builds up on the tool tip, this raises the temperature of the tool tip which speeds up the rate of tool wear. So present investigation based on turning of hard material AISI-304 strain-free steel using Al-GrP based hybrid nanofluids and graphene-based nanofluids in vol. concentration 0.25, 0.5 & 0.75 vol% with the base oil sunflower oil. RSM with Box-Behnken was utilized in this experiment's design and response analysis. It was observed that the hybrid nanofluids made of Al-GrP (with nanoparticles fraction 80:20) and graphene had a reduced wettability, which affected the heat dissipation rate. This supports by the DSA test results of several nanofluids on tooltip surfaces. In Drop shape analyzer (DSA) results show that the contact angle at the tool insert in Al-GrP nanofluids is smaller than that of graphene-based nanofluids at the same concentration. During the experiment, it was discovered that Al-GrP and graphene have the shortest contact angles at 38.9° and 41.9° at 0.75 vol%.The use of (Al-GrP) hybrid nanofluids with MQL lowers surface finishing by 10%, as well as the force on cutting direction is 7.25 percent, respective compared to graphene-based nanofluids, and Graphene also demonstrates a high rate of tool wear, which forms a built-up edge on the tool during machining of AISI-304 strain-free steel.

Comparative analysis of different machine learning algorithms in prediction of cutting force using hybrid nanofluid enriched cutting fluid in turning operation

One of the most important variables in enhancing machining performance is the cutting force applied during the process, which influences the longevity of the cutting tool, the quality of the completed surface, and the amount of energy required to make the item. When machining, cutting forces are kept to a minimum to reduce production costs. This study explains how to use a machine learning technique to foretell the cutting force required for a certain turning procedure. In this experiment, standard lathe machines is used to remove material from AISI 304 austenitic steel using CNMG120408 tool inserts with different level of concentration of Alumina Graphene nanoparticles (70:30) % by weight at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75. The RSM is used to design the experiment, and three different machine learning models that are Random Forest Regressor (RF), Gradient Booster Regressor (GBR) and Extreme Gradient Booster Regressor (XGBoost) have been employed to predict the cutting force. Model errors have been evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Coefficient of Determinant (R2). R2 value of different models were determined to be 0.9026 for the RF model, 0.91148 for the GBR model, and 0.93628 for the XGBoost model, indicating that the XGBoost regression model provides the most reliable estimate of the cutting force.

A Tool to Enable Intraoperative Insertion Force Measurements for Cochlear Implant Surgery.

Residual hearing preservation during cochlear implant (CI) surgery is closely linked to the magnitude of intracochlear forces acting during the insertion process. So far, these forces have only been measured in vitro. Therefore, the range of insertion forces and the magnitude of damage-inducing thresholds in the human cochlea in vivo remain unknown. We aimed to develop a method to intraoperatively measure insertion forces without negatively affecting the established surgical workflow. Initial experiments showed that this requires the compensation of orientation-dependent gravitational forces. We devised design requirements for a force-sensing manual insertion tool. Experienced CI surgeons evaluated the proposed design for surgical safety and handling quality. Measured forces from automated and manual insertions into an artificial cochlea model were evaluated against data from a static external force sensor representing the gold standard. The finalized manual insertion tool uses an embedded force sensor and inertial measurement unit to measure insertion forces. The evaluation of the proposed design shows the feasibility of orientation-independent insertion force measurements. Recorded forces correspond well to externally recorded reference forces after reliable removal of gravitational disturbances. CI surgeons successfully used the tool to insert electrode arrays into human cadaver cochleae. The presented positive evaluation poses the first step towards intraoperative use of the proposed tool. Further in vitro experiments with human specimens will ensure reliable in vivo measurements. Intraoperative insertion force measurements enabled by this tool will provide insights on the relationship between forces and hearing outcomes in cochlear implant surgery.

Fragmentation of Hydrophilic Guidewire Coatings During Neuroendovascular Therapy.

Cerebral polymer coating embolism from intravascular devices may cause serious complications after endovascular therapy (EVT) for neurovascular diseases. Although polymer fragments are often created during endovascular procedures, exact mechanisms of their formation, especially if of small size, are largely unknown. In this study eight microguidewires (Asahi Chikai 200 cm(Asahi Intecc, Aichi, Japan), Asahi Chikai Black(Asahi Intecc), Fathom™(Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA), Hybrid(Balt Extrusion, Montmorency, France), Radifocus® Guide Wire GT(Terumo, Leuven, Belgium), Synchro2®(Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI, USA), Transend™ EX(Boston Scientific), and Traxcess™(MicroVention®, Tustin, CA, USA)) frequently used during EVT were investigated ex vivo using their dedicated metal or plastic insertion tools to assess for coating delamination after backloading of the microguidewires. Backloading caused damage to the coating of all microguidewires especially when the main body of the guidewires was bent in front of the insertion tool. All studied microguidewires produced microscopic filamentous and/or band-like coating fragments. Few larger irregular fragments were observed, but also very small fragments measuring1-3 µm in diameter were found. Spectroscopic measurements of polymer fragments and microguidewires identified various polymers. Backloading of polymer-coated microguidewires during EVT should be minimized if possible. More stable hydrophilic coatings on microguidewires and less traumatic insertion tools are desirable.

Research on the Electric-Pulse-Assisted Turning Behavior of TC27 Alloy

As a difficult-to-machine material widely used in the aerospace industry, the high-quality and efficient cutting of titanium alloys has been a hot issue in the field of machining. This work performed electric-pulse-assisted turning (EPT) and conventional turning (CT) for Ti5Al4Mo6V2Nb1Fe (TC27) alloy with two kinds of cutters. The results showed that electric pulses significantly improved the machining performance and surface finish quality. With the help of the electric pulse, the cutting force of TiAlN-coated cemented carbide insert (CCI) and uncoated carbide insert (UCI) tools during turning was reduced by more than 20%, and the surface roughness decreased by about 30% with a root mean square of the current density of 0.9 A/mm2, because the larger current led to a more obvious electro-plasticity effect. Compared with CT, the surface microhardness of the EPT samples processed with different current densities decreased; this is because the hardened surface was softened by both thermal and athermal effects under the continuous pulse current. However, the microhardness of the EPT samples was still higher than the matrix. At the same time, EPT reduces the wear of the cutting tool, thus helping to extend the tool’s service life. Finally, the electric pulse parameters recommended to assist turning are as follows: an electro-pulsing frequency of 600 Hz, a root mean square of the current density in the cross-section of 0.57 A/mm2, and a lasting time of the current per circle of 100 μs.

Machining of Custom-450 Grade Stainless Steel Using TiAlSiN-Coated Tungsten Carbide Tool Inserts

Turning operations using single-point cutting tools have been one of the earliest and most used methods for cutting metal. It has been widely studied for cutting forces and workpiece surface roughness to affect turning operations. When cutting metal, the cutting tool needs to be tougher than the workpiece so it can resist high temperatures and wear while the operation is conducted. The mechanical qualities of martensitic stainless steel (MSS) grade Custom-450 can be significantly enhanced by heat treatment processes, which also provide it with an outstanding corrosion-resistance material. It has excellent resistance to rusting and pitting in a saltwater environment. Nuclear power reactors, screens for the pulp and paper sector, chemical processing, and power generation are just a few industries that require Custom-450 grade steel. To increase the workpiece’s machinability, dimensional precision, and appealing surface finish, the cutting tool industries have recently demonstrated a great interest in developing hard coatings and cutting tool technology. In the present study, Custom-450 grade stainless steel was used for machining (turning operation), using a tungsten carbide tool insert coated with TiAlSiN using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. The machining parameters such as the speed, feed, and depth of cut (DOC) were varied Surface roughness and various forces (cutting force, thrust force, and feed force) were evaluated by varying these three parameters. The depth of cut is the main factor affecting the surface roughness. More plastic deformation may lead to a rougher surface as a result. The tungsten carbide insert wear decreased with an increase in the cutting speed. An increase in feed considerably accelerates the tool wear of the inserts. As the depth of cut grows, the likelihood of tool wear also increases. The depth of cut, however, has a greater effect on tool wear than anything else. Therefore, the surface roughness in the sample is reduced as the cutting speed is increased.

Impact of Particle Size Distribution in the Preform on Thermal Conductivity, Vickers Hardness and Tensile Strength of Copper-Infiltrated AISI H11 Tool Steel

Spontaneous infiltration of a porous preform by a metallic melt provides the potential of generating metal matrix composites (MMCs) with tailored combinations of material properties at low cost. The bulk of tool inserts for injection molding must sustain high mechanical and thermal loads and simultaneously exhibit high thermal conductivity for efficient temperature control of the mold insert. To fulfill these contradictory requirements, AISI H11 tool steel preforms were infiltrated by liquid copper. The impact of the fine powder fraction (0 wt.% to 15 wt.%) blended to a coarse H11 powder in the preform on thermal conductivity, Vickers hardness and tensile strength was elucidated. The thermal conductivity of the composites could be enhanced by a factor of 1.84 (15 wt.% fine powder) and 2.67 (0 wt.% fine powder) with respect to the sintered H11 tool steel. By adding 15 wt.% fine powder to the coarse host powder, the tensile strength and Vickers hardness of the copper-infiltrated steel were 1066.3 ± 108.7 MPa and 366 ± 24 HV1, respectively, whereas the H11 tool steel yielded 1368.5 ± 89.3 MPa and 403 ± 17 HV1, respectively. Based on the results obtained, an appropriate particle size distribution (PSD) may be selected for preform preparation according with the requirements of a future mold insert.

Tribological Properties of Multilayer CVD Coatings Deposited on SiAlON Ceramic Milling Inserts

This work characterises the structure and mechanical properties, such as adhesion, of two different chemical vapour deposition (CVD) coatings deposited onto silicon aluminium oxynitride (Si3N4 + Al2O3 + Y2O3) round (RNGN) milling cutter tooling inserts. These inserts are often known by the trade abbreviation “SiAlON”. Wear was produced on the inserts using unidirectional sliding (pin-on-disc type) and scratch testing. Two coatings were investigated: a multilayer CVD coating (Coating A) with a composition of TiN + TiCN + Al2O3 and a bilayer coating (Coating B) with a composition of Al2O3 + TiN. Microstructural analysis was conducted after wear testing and Coating B demonstrated high stability when subjected to high alternating shear and tensile stresses, high abrasion resistance and very high adhesion to the SiAlON ceramic insert substrate when compared to Coating A. Coating A demonstrated a low capacity to distribute alternating shear and tensile stresses during the pin-on-disc and scratch testing, which led to failure. The scratch and pin-on-disc results from this study correlate highly with completed machining insert wear analysis that has used Coating A and Coating B SiAlON inserts to machine aged Inconel 718.

Performance and Comparison of Coated and Uncoated Tool Inserts in Machining of C45 Steel

Using coated and uncoated tool inserts, the machining operation is carried out on C45 steelto analyze and compare the tool performance. A study was done on C45 steel, its carboncontent ranges from 0.40 to 0.50 percent.C45 steel has traces of molybdenum, silicon,silicon dioxide, manganese, and phosphorus. In this work, comparison was made betweencoated and uncoated tool inserts for different samples of C45 steel which is having Sulphurand Phosphorus of varying percentage. As samples were obtained, they were converted tothe desired diameter and examined at various feed rates (0.125, 0.175, and 0.225 mm/min),cutting speeds (11.0, 15.58, and 19.47 m/min), and cut depth (0.5, 1and 1.5mm). Wear andtool tip temperature were looked at and contrasted. Findings indicated that the coated toolinserts used for machining has a good and better properties compared to uncoated toolinserts. Therefore, these traces in a small enough quantity produce superior outcomes.Additionally, the behavior of the material andhow it affected thecharacteristics ofthetooland work sample wereexaminedUsingSEMand EnergyDispersiveX-Ray analysis.

A Critical Review of High-Temperature Tribology and Cutting Performance of Cermet and Ceramic Tool Materials

Cermet materials exhibit advanced mechanical and tribological properties, and are widely used for tribology, elevated temperature, and machining applications due to their unique amalgamation of hardness, strength, and toughness. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of various cermet systems and recent advances in high-temperature tribology and cutting performance of cermet and ceramic tool materials. It outlines microstructural properties, such as lessening grain sizes, obtaining extended grains, lowering grain boundary phase content, amorphous grain boundary phases crystallizing, inter-granular phase strengthening, and managing crack propagation path. Additionally, surface processing or surface modifications, such as surface texturing, appropriate roughness, or coating technique, can optimize the ceramic and cermet tribological performances. The purpose of this study is to present some guidelines for the design of ceramics and cermets with reduced friction and wear and increased cutting performance. The current research progress concerning tribological properties and surface texturing of cutting tool inserts is critically identified. Lubrication techniques are required in commercial applications to increase the lifetime of cutting tools used in harsh conditions. Liquid lubricants are still commonly utilized in relative motion; however, they have the limitations of not working in extreme settings, such as high-temperature environments. As a result, global research is presently underway to produce new solid lubricants for use in a variety of such conditions. This review also provides a quick outline of current research on this topic.

Pengaruh Variasi Kedalaman Potong terhadap Gaya Potong dan Temperatur pada Proses Bubut Baja AISI 304 Berdasarkan Metode Elemen Hingga

Cutting forces are parameters that can be used to optimize the machining process, analyze power consumption, and affect temperature during the lathe process. Measurement of cutting forces using a dynamometer and temperature using a thermocouple is quite expensive. This article discusses the effect of machining parameters on cutting force and temperature on AISI 304 steel workpiece material with carbide insert tool. The method used to analyze cutting forces and temperatures is based on the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the cutting force fluctuates due to the influence of depth of cut. The greater the value of the depth of cut used, the greater the axial cutting force and tangential cutting force. While the temperature does not change due to variations in depth of cut. Cutting speed variations do not significantly affect the cutting force, but affect the cutting time and temperature. The greater the cutting speed value used, the greater the temperature produced and the less cutting time required.

Experimental investigation of uncoated, single layer, and multilayer-coated TiAlN/TiN tool inserts in dry orthogonal cutting of AISI/SAE 4140 alloy steel

Significant temperature rise is stimulated during high-speed machining of metals, specifically in dry cutting conditions. This experimental investigation undertakes the effects of uncoated, single layer coatings (TiN and TiAlN), and multilayer coatings [TiAlN/TiN (9 + 5 µm), (9 + 3 µm), (9 + 1 µm), and (5 + 1 µm)] on cutting tool material during dry orthogonal cutting of AISI/SAE 4140 alloy steel. The study compares crucial parameters such as cutting and feed forces, chip-tool contact area, thickness of deformed chip, chip reduction coefficient, heat partition ratio, flank wear, and shear angle. The layer TiAlN used as the first layer from the Tungsten Carbide (WC) substrate owing to its better adhesion property, whereas TiN used as the second layer (top coating) owing to its better sliding behavior. In this research, cutting operations have carried out using Dean Smith and Grace Lathe machine. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) also used along with a Kistler 9263 dynamometer to measure cutting forces. The cutting temperatures are measured with the help of an infrared, high-resolution thermal imaging camera, ThermaCAM model SC3000 by FLIR. Results have shown that layers act as a thermal barrier that block excessive heat generation in the cutting tool. Thus, this increasing the surface finish, tool life, and overall efficiency, while reducing the abrasive wear, tear, and parallel ridges due to rubbing friction. Furthermore, it has found that multilayer coating of (9 + 5 = 14 µm) shown good consistent results with less variance, specifically in the high-speed machining regions. Hence, the study evidently justifies the usage of coated tool inserts in high-speed dry cutting operations.

A Sleeve-Based, Micromotion Avoiding, Retractable and Tear-Opening (SMART) Insertion Tool for Cochlear Implantation.

In conventional cochlear implantation, the insertion of the electrode array is strongly affected by the local anatomy and human kinematics. Herein, we present a concept for an insertion tool that allows to optimize the insertion trajectory beyond anatomical constraints and stabilizes the electrode array in manual implantation. A novel sleeve-based design allows the instrument to be compliant and potentially protective to intracochlear structures, while a tear-open mechanism allows it to be removed after insertion by simply retracting the tool. Conventional and tool-guided manual insertions were performed by expert cochlear implant surgeons in an analog temporal bone model that allows to simultaneously record intracochlear pressure, insertion forces and electrode array deformation. Comparison between conventional and tool-guided insertions demonstrate a substantial reduction of maximum insertion forces, force variations, transverse intracochlear electrode array movement, and pressure transients. The presented tool can be utilized in manual cochlear implantation and significantly improves key metrics associated with intracochlear trauma. The instrument may ultimately help improve hearing outcomes in cochlear implantation. The versatile design may be used in both manual cochlear implantation and motorized and robotic insertion, as well as image-guided surgery.

Machine vision-based gradient-boosted tree and support vector regression for tool life prediction in turning

One of the essential elements of automated and intelligent machining processes is accurately predicting tool life. It also helps in achieving the goal of producing quality products with reduced production costs. This work proposes a computer vision-based tool wear monitoring and tool life prediction system using machine learning methods. Gradient-boosted trees and support vector machine (SVM) techniques are used to predict tool life. The experimental investigation on the CNC machine is conducted to study the applicability of the proposed tool wear monitoring system. Experiments are performed using workpiece material made of alloy steel and PVD-coated cutting inserts, and flank wear is monitored. An imaging system consisting of an industrial camera, lens, and LED ring light is mounted on the machine to capture tool wear zone images. Images are then processed by algorithms developed in MATLAB®. Boosted tree methods and the SVM methodology have 96% and 97% prediction accuracy, respectively. Validation tests are carried out to determine the accuracy of proposed models. It is observed that the prediction accuracy of boosted three and SVM is good, with a maximum error of 5.89% and 7.56%, respectively. The outcome of the study established that the developed system can monitor the tool wear with good accuracy and can be adopted in industries to optimize the utilization of tool inserts.

Turning parameters optimization for TC21 Ti-alloy using Taguchi technique

BackgroundThe development of materials fabrication is an important trend in materials engineering. TC21 Ti-alloy is one of these materials’ trends. Investigations of different characteristics of TC21 Ti-alloy such as weldability, formability, and machinability will consume a large number of specimens. This work aims to study the machinability characteristics of TC21 Ti-alloy. The minimum number of experimental trials and optimal cutting conditions will be obtained by applying the orthogonal array (OA) L9 Taguchi technique. To achieve this aim, experimental work will be conducted under three varying cutting parameters, each one of them with three levels: cutting speeds (V) of 80, 100, and 120 m/min, feed rates (f) of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 mm/rev, and cutting depth (a) of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mm.ResultsThe results revealed that the cutting depth and cutting speed with percentages contribution of 40.8% and 48.6%, respectively, are the most significant parameters of surface roughness and wear of the tool insert. However, the least significant parameters are cutting speed and feed rate with percentages contribution of 20.2% and 2.3%, respectively.ConclusionsMinimum surface roughness at V = 80 m/min, f = 0.10 mm/rev, and a = 0.4 mm is 0.16 µm, and maximum surface roughness at V = 80 m/min, f = 0.15 mm/rev, and a = 0.6 mm is 0.72 µm. Minimum tool wear at V = 100 m/min, f = 0.15 mm/rev, and a = 0.2 is 187.770 µm, and the maximum tool wear at V = 80 m/min, f = 0.10 mm/rev, and a = 0.4 mm is 274.896 µm.

Planning Visual-Tactile Precision Grasps via Complementary Use of Vision and Touch

Reliably planning fingertip grasps for multi-fingered hands lies as a key challenge for many tasks including tool use, insertion, and dexterous in-hand manipulation. This task becomes even more difficult when the robot lacks an accurate model of the object to be grasped. Tactile sensing offers a promising approach to account for uncertainties in object shape. However, current robotic hands tend to lack full tactile coverage. As such, a problem arises of how to plan and execute grasps for multi-fingered hands such that contact is made with the area covered by the tactile sensors. To address this issue, we propose an approach to grasp planning that explicitly reasons about where the fingertips should contact the estimated object surface while maximizing the probability of grasp success. Key to our method's success is the use of visual surface estimation for initial planning to encode the contact constraint. The robot then executes this plan using a tactile-feedback controller that enables the robot to adapt to online estimates of the object's surface to correct for errors in the initial plan. Importantly, the robot never explicitly integrates object pose or surface estimates between visual and tactile sensing, instead it uses the two modalities in complementary ways. Vision guides the robots motion prior to contact; touch updates the plan when contact occurs differently than predicted from vision. We show that our method successfully synthesises and executes precision grasps for previously unseen objects using surface estimates from a single camera view. Further, our approach outperforms a state of the art multi-fingered grasp planner, while also beating several baselines we propose.

Tool wear and surface roughness evaluation of mill insert tools in high-speed machining of Ti-6Al-4 V

The experiment carried out using high-speed machining (HSM) in this study is primarily focused on producing high-quality products and lowering the cost of production. To increase tool life and surface quality, HSM is a metal cutting method that priorities quick speeds and feed rates. Determining the appropriate machining and cutting settings that can produce the best results in terms of tool performance and surface qualities becomes essential in this way. Experiments using the L9 orthogonal array were conducted to determine the ideal responses for the Ti grade −5 alloy using a variety of variables, including cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and stepover. By machining at a fast speed, the ultimate goal is to provide a superior surface finish and lengthen the tool life. According to the results of the machining, the cutting speed and stepover have a significant impact on the machining outcome. The optimal value of surface roughness Ra = 0.51 m is achieved with the following parameters: speed = 450 m/min, feed rate = 2100 mm/min, depth of cut = 0.3 mm, and stepover = 60 %. Confirmatory tests with a value of less than 10 % have verified the results. The conclusion being drawn that it is in strong agreement with the experimental results. The findings of this research reveal that the Taguchi technique is capable of analysing the advanced features of boundaries in HSM. This demonstrates the validity of the Taguchi methodology as a specialized model for addressing the issue of high-speed machining settings for titanium grade 5 alloy.