Critical Appraisal Tool Research Articles

Benefits and barriers to the adoption of climate‐smart agriculture practices in West Africa: A systematic review

AbstractClimate‐smart agriculture (CSA) serves as a credible mechanism to simultaneously address food security, climate change, and agricultural productivity. Despite the widespread adoption of CSA approaches across West Africa, many countries have still not been able to resolve the problems of food insecurity and rural poverty. This systematic review evaluates published evidence on the types of CSA practices, the determinants and benefits of adoption, and the barriers confronting the adoption of CSA practices across West Africa, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement checklist. Articles published in English from January 2010 to March 2023 investigating the benefits of and barriers to the adoption of CSA practices in West Africa were retrieved from ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools for use in systematic reviews. The themes emerging from the articles were extracted, and a summary was provided to illustrate each theme. After applying the eligibility criteria, 12 articles were included in the final review. The studies reviewed revealed that farmers used more knowledge‐, water‐, carbon‐, and nitrogen‐smart practices, compared to weather‐ and energy‐smart practices. Across the reviewed papers, factors such as the education level of farmers, age, gender, household size, membership of a social group, agricultural extension services, and access to credit/financial resources influenced CSA adoption. The reviewed studies identified that farmers who used CSA practices reported benefits such as improved soil fertility, higher yield, improved household income, climate resilience (such as overcoming the effects of drought and extreme temperatures), and food security. Some farmers adopted CSA practices to reduce the effect of droughts and high temperatures on their crops, and thus increase their resilience to climate variability and change. However, farmers’ adoption is confronted with challenges related to the technicality of some CSA practices, high cost of labor for CSA implementation, lack of credit and government support, limited access to weather and climate information, limited information about CSA options, high illiteracy level of smallholder farmers, and incompatibility of some practices with farmers’ crop of interest. Our findings show that most CSA practices in the studies we reviewed are not well targeted to meet farmers’ crop of interest, and that governments should provide more practical training to enhance farmers’ understanding of CSA practices, especially those related to weather‐ and energy‐smart initiatives. There should also be more robust financial and institutional support to improve the adoption and usage of CSA practices at all levels. Additionally, socio‐cultural factors such as values, customs, and beliefs should be properly integrated into CSA plans as they influence the adoption of CSA practices.

Hip Dysplasia and Dislocation in Down Syndrome: Is There Evidence to Support Consideration of Routine Hip Surveillance?

IntroductionHip instability is associated with Down syndrome (DS). The goal of this review was to examine the existing literature to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to consider development of standardized hip surveillance guidelines in patients with DS. Materials and MethodsA scoping review following PRISMA guidelines identified English-language, peer reviewed publications concerning hip instability or dysplasia in people with DS, including diagnosis and imaging, physical examination, other hip pathologies, surgical and nonsurgical interventions and epidemiology from gestation to adulthood. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were queried with professional librarian assistance. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts. Discrepancies were resolved by group consensus. Validated critical appraisal tools were used. Results876 articles were screened, and 54 full text articles with case series, cross sectional and case control designs met criteria. Twenty-six articles have described pelvic morphology in people with DS including increased iliac indices, acetabular retroversion, and global acetabular insufficiency compared to peers. Studies have shown that 1.0 – 14% of pediatric DS patients, and up to 28% of adults with DS, have evidence of radiographic hip abnormality. ConclusionsA scoping review of the literature demonstrates that the risk of hip pathology among children and adults with DS is increased independent of life stage. Consideration of early and regular radiographic and physical examination of DS patients, focused on potential hip pathology, may be warranted. Level of EvidenceLevel V Key Concepts(1)There is evidence of a significant risk of hip pathology in patients with Down syndrome.(2)To date, focused review of the existing literature has been limited.(3)A scoping review demonstrates that regular and routine hip surveillance in patients with Down syndrome may be indicated.

Robot-Assisted Eye Surgery: A Systematic Review of Effectiveness, Safety, and Practicality in Clinical Settings.

Surgical innovation in ophthalmology is impeded by the physiological limits of human motion, and robotic assistance may facilitate an expansion of the surgical repertoire. We conducted a systematic review to identify ophthalmic procedures in which robotic systems have been trialled, evaluate their performance, and explore future directions for research and development of robotic techniques. The Cochrane Library, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched. Screening adhered to five criteria: (1) English language; (2) primary research article; (3) human patients; (4) ophthalmological surgery; and (5) robot-assisted surgery. Quality assessment was conducted with Joanna Briggs Institute Tools for Critical Appraisal. The study protocol was registered prospectively (PROSPERO ID CRD42023449793). Twelve studies were included. In comparative studies, there was no difference in the occurrence of ocular harms in robot-assisted procedures and conventional surgery. However, robotic assistance did not demonstrate consistent benefits over manual surgery in terms of effectiveness or practicality, likely reflecting the learning curve associated with these systems. Single studies indicated the potential of robotic assistance to improve the consistency of subretinal drug infusion and efficiency of instrument manipulation in vitreoretinal surgery. Proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the potential of robotic assistance to facilitate procedures otherwise infeasible or impractical, and may broaden access to surgery. However, robot-assisted surgery has not yet demonstrated any significant benefits over standard surgical practice. Improving the speed and reducing perioperative requirements of robot-assisted surgery are particular priorities for research and innovation to improve the practicality of these novel techniques. This systematic review summarizes the potential and limitations of robotic systems for assisting eye surgery and outlines what is required for these systems to benefit patients and surgeons.

The impact of COVID-19 on non-communicable disease patients in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review.

COVID-19 and its prevention measures have had a significant impact on patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by disrupting routine healthcare service and increasing risk factors. These challenges were expected to be more severe in sub-Saharan Africa due to the lack of physical infrastructure and inadequate resources. The quantity of studies conducted was limited, and there was a lack of published systematic reviews in the specified region. This systematic review aimed to assess the indirect impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdown measures on individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in sub-Saharan African countries. This systematic review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines and is registered with PROSPERO (ID CRD42023387755). Extensive searches were conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases in December 2023, supplemented by a manual search of references, grey literature, and the WHO COVID-19 database. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies that reported on the impact of COVID-19 on NCD patients in sub-Saharan African countries, focusing on access to care, health outcomes, and factors related to NCDs. Critical appraisal of study quality was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) analytical cross-sectional studies critical appraisal tool. Data were extracted and synthesized, highlighting the main findings and relevant limitations. This review included 30 primary studies with a cumulative sample size of 25634 participants, conducted in seven sub-Saharan African countries. These studies demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted regular NCD patient care provision, with regional variations. The studies also identified a reduction in patient health-seeking behavior and reduced medication adherence, leading to poor treatment outcome. Furthermore, the pandemic and related lockdowns have been implicated in the increased prevalence of substance use, decreased physical exercise, and increased mental health problems. This systematic review identified the complex challenges faced by NCD patients in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also underlines the need to consider the indirect impact on vulnerable populations while developing pandemic prevention and control strategies for the future. The current NCD management strategies should prioritize the restoration of access to essential healthcare services while considering the multifaceted risks posed by decreased physical activity, poor dietary practices, and increased substance use. The main limitation of this review was the study design and setting. All of the studies included in this review employed a cross-sectional design, which may result in a low quality of evidence. This study identified research conducted in only seven countries among the 46 UN-classified sub-Saharan nations, which may impair the generalizability of the result.

Estimated prevalence and associations of sexually transmissible bacterial enteric pathogens in asymptomatic men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe reservoir of sexually transmissible bacterial enteric pathogens in asymptomatic men who have sex with men (MSM) may impact future outbreaks, and the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to...

Digital workflow feasibility for the fabrication of intraoral maxillofacial prosthetics after surgical resection: a systematic literature review.

To evaluate the current evidence of digital workflow feasibility based on the data acquisition methods and the software tools used to fabricate intraoral prostheses for patients with partial or total maxillary and mandibular defects. An electronic search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science using a combination of relevant keywords: digital workflow, digital designing, computer-assisted design-computer aided manufacturing, 3D printing, maxillectomy, and mandibulectomy. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed. From a total of 542 references, 33 articles were selected, including 25 on maxillary prostheses and 8 on mandibular prostheses. The use of digital workflows was limited to one or two steps of the fabrication of the prostheses, and only four studies described a complete digital workflow. The most preferred method for data acquisition was intraoral scanning with or without a cone beam computed tomography combination. Currently, the fabrication process of maxillofacial prostheses requires combining digital and conventional methods. Simplifying the data acquisition methods and providing user-friendly and affordable software may encourage clinicians to use the digital workflow more frequently for patients requiring maxillofacial prostheses.

Utilization of Probiotics in Relieving Post-Colonoscopy Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Colonoscopy is regarded as a safe diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, nevertheless, some patients may still encounter post-colonoscopy gastrointestinal symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of probiotics before and after colonoscopy to relieve those symptoms. This study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Included studies were all interventional studies examining the effects of probiotics use before and after colonoscopy. Articles were retrieved from MEDLINE, EBSCO-Host, Cochrane, ProQuest, and Google Scholar electronic databases, utilized specific keywords ( " Probiotic " OR " Probiotics ") AND (" Colonoscopy " OR " Colonoscopies "). The Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools were used for study quality assessment, as well as Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4 to perform the meta-analysis. A total of ten studies were included in this systematic review. Six studies assessed the effect of probiotics consumption after colonoscopy, three examined the impact before colonoscopy, and one study assessed both. The most common type of probiotics used were Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Quantitative synthesis of probiotics before colonoscopy showed no significant differences among bloating, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting symptoms (p=0.49, p=0.14, p=0.30, and p=0.42, respectively). Similarly, quantitative synthesis of probiotics after colonoscopy showed no significant differences in bloating and abdominal pain (p=0.16 and p=0.63, respectively). Probiotic administration pre- and post-colonoscopy exhibited preliminary evidence for reducing gastrointestinal symptoms, but a quantitative synthesis revealed non-significant findings, necessitating further investigations.

Strategies to reduce delays in delivering mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke - an umbrella review.

Mechanical thrombectomy is a time-sensitive treatment, with rapid initiation and reduced delays being associated with better patient outcomes. Several systematic reviews reported on various interventions to address delays. Hence, we performed an umbrella review of systematic reviews to summarise the current evidence. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and JBI were searched for published systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews that detailed outcomes related to time-to-thrombectomy or functional independence were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tool by two independent reviewers. A total of 17 systematic reviews were included in the review. These were all assessed as high-quality reviews. A total of 13 reviews reported on functional outcomes, and 12 reviews reported on time-to-thrombectomy outcomes. Various interventions were identified as beneficial. The most frequently reported beneficial interventions that improved functional and time-related outcomes included: direct-to-angio-suite and using a mothership model (compared to drip-and-ship). Only a few studies investigated other strategies including other pre-hospital and teamwork strategies. Overall, there were various strategies that can be used to reduce delays in the delivery of mechanical thrombectomy with different effectiveness. The mothership model appears to be superior to the drip-and-ship model in reducing delays and improving functional outcomes. Additionally, the direct-to-angiosuite approach appears to be beneficial, but further research is required for broader implementation of this approach and to determine which groups of patients would benefit the most.

Endocannabinoid levels in female-sexed individuals with diagnosed depression: a systematic review

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent mental health disorder with females experiencing higher rates of depression (11.6%), anxiety (15.7%) and physiological distress (14.5%) than males. Recently, the Endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been proposed to be a key contributing factor in the pathogenesis and symptom severity of MDD due to its role in neurotransmitter production, inflammatory response and even regulation of the female reproductive cycle. This review critically evaluates evidence regarding ECS levels in female-sexed individuals with depressive disorders to further understand ECS role.Materials and methodsA systematic literature review of available research published prior to April 2022 was identified using PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, AMED and Scopus (Elsevier). Studies were included if they reported ECS analysis of female-sexed individuals with depression and were excluded if they did not differentiate results between sexes, assessed mental health conditions other than depression, tested efficacy of endocannabinoid/n-acylethanolamine/cannabis or marijuana administration and that were unable to be translated. Critical appraisal of each included study was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews.ResultsThe 894 located citations were screened for duplicates (n = 357) and eligibility by title and abstract (n = 501). The full text of 33 studies were reviewed, and 7 studies were determined eligible for inclusion. These studies indicated that depressed female-sexed individuals have altered levels of ECS however no significant pattern was identified due to variability of study outcomes and measures, limiting overall interpretation.DiscussionThis review suggests potential involvement of ECS in underlying mechanisms of MDD in female sexed-individuals, however no pattern was able to be determined. A major contributor to the inability to attain reliable and valid understanding of the ECS levels in female-sexed individuals with depression was the inconsistency of depression screening tools, inclusion criteria’s and analysis methods used to measure eCBs. Future studies need to implement more standardised methodology to gain a deeper understanding of ECS in female-sexed individuals with depressive disorders.Trial registration This review was submitted to PROSPERO for approval in April 2022 (Registration #CRD42022324212).

An integrative review on physical restraint in adult critical care unit.

Physical restraints (PRs) are frequently used in adult critical care units to protect staff and prevent self-harm, despite the fact that they represent significant safety risks. Restraint complications may have an impact on the patient's long- and short-term outcomes. This integrative review aimed to meticulously evaluate existing evidence pertaining to physical restraint practices in adult critical care settings. The review was specifically geared towards examining the prevalence of PR, identifying influential factors, elucidating the role of nurses in PR implementation, exploring nurses' experiences in caring for patients under restraint, and scrutinizing the complications associated with PR application. This integrative review included the studies published between January 2009 and December 2019 and the literature search was conducted in July 2020. The databases searched included EBSCOhost, Ovid, ProQuest, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect. The keywords included in the search were restraint, critical care, intensive care, ICU, mechanical ventilation, intubation, nursing, and experience. A checklist based on the CASP checklist and the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the methodological quality. The findings were evaluated and summarized into seven key topics after twenty-one publications were found to be evaluated. i) High prevalence of PR application in adult critical care unit; ii) determinants of PR applications; iii) types of PR in adult critical care units; iv) decision maker of PR; v) moral and ethical dilemma in PR application; vi) awareness and guidelines for PR applications; vii) common complications and use of sedation, analgesics, antipsychotic drugs in PR application. The number of days PR is used is related to the risk of an adverse event. In order to standardize nursing practice, ICU nurses require greater training on the ideas of PR use. Evidence-based recommendations will assist critical care nurses in making the best judgments possible concerning the use of PR.

Persons with cognitive impairment and care partner motivations and experiences of undergoing an amyloid scan: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scans can enhance the accuracy of dementia diagnoses. However, the perspectives and experiences of people with cognitive impairment and their care partners undergoing an amyloid scan are less well understood. Therefore, this review aimed to identify and summarize qualitative studies exploring patient and care partner experiences of undergoing an amyloid scan. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, and PsychInfo in March 2024. Articles were screened for inclusion by two reviewers and critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Qualitative Studies. Data from the included studies were synthesized using thematic synthesis. We identified ten papers from six studies. We identified four themes: 1) motivations for undergoing an amyloid scan, 2) experiences of receiving the result, 3) emotional responses to the result, and 4) actions in light of the scan result. Participants reported undergoing the scan to determine the cause of cognitive impairment. They described the information gained from the scan as helpful but struggled to recall the correct terminology or implications of the scan. Emotional responses to the scan varied depending on the scan result. In light of the scan result, the most common action was making advanced plans; however; this was mainly discussed among participants with elevated amyloid. Amyloid scans can provide useful and actionable information. However, learning the scan result could be distressing. Future research is needed to balance the potential benefits and harms of amyloid scans.

Limitations of the knee society score in kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty.

The Knee Society Scoring System (KSS) is a frequently used outcome score which quantifies functional patients' outcomes before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Several problems arise when trying to implement KSS for obtaining postoperative outcomes after more personalised aligned TKAs. Scoring for valgus femorotibial angle (FTA) intervals outside moderate ranges is often poorly explained, the specific version of KSS used for outcome collection is frequently unclear and the exact measuring methods are typically not described in the literature. The aims of this systematic review were to investigate the latest user practice, the application of KSS and its limitations after kinematically aligned (KA) TKA. A systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Medline and Scopus to identify potentially relevant articles for this review, published from the beginning of January 2013 until the end of January 2023. Broad Mesh terms such as 'kinematic alignment', 'total knee arthroplasty' and 'knee society score' were used for building search strategy in each database accordingly. Articles reporting postoperative values of the objective surgeon-assessed KSS after KA TKA or KA and mechanically aligned TKA were included. For assessing included randomised control trials (RCTs), an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's design-specific scale for assessing RCTs was used. The non-RCTs were assessed by using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. The Ottawa-Newcastle Score system was also used. Studies were additionally evaluated for their radiological methodology by using a five-question checklist (Radiological Assessment Qualit criteria). The initial search identified 167 studies, of which 129 were considered for screening. Ten studies reporting outcomes after KA TKA did not use the objective surgeon-assessed part of KSS for clinical outcome measurement, and 30 studies reporting outcomes after KA TKA did not use KSS at all for clinical and/or functional outcomes. From the 10 included studies, only six have used the latest KSS score (2011), the rest using its 1989 variant; and out of these six studies, only two presented values of the FTA, which is needed for calculating the KSS's 'alignment' subcomponent, the rest presenting hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) values. Additionally, when converting these HKA values to FTA intervals, the authors of this systematic review found that KA TKA FTA intervals display limits, which tend to be outside the 'well-scored' KSS anatomical alignment interval. The inconsistent and nonstandardised use of the surgeon-assessed KSS across studies reviewed compromises assessment reliability and patient outcome scores. To enhance precision and comparability, it is crucial to standardise the KSS application, incorporating personalised alignment strategies for more accurate patient evaluations. Level III.

Tardive Dyskinesia with Antipsychotic Medication in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review.

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a persisting, and potentially irreversible, movement disorder associated with treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists. Few data are available on the risk of TD in children and adolescents treated with antipsychotic medication. To review the literature on incidence, risk factors, and treatment options for antipsychotic-associated TD in children and adolescents (aged < 18 years). Relevant articles were identified through a systematic search of Embase and Medline performed in January 2024. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Thirteen studies were identified. The reported TD point prevalence was 5-20%, with higher rates in studies involving typical antipsychotics. Lower estimates (around 1%) emerged from analyses of clinical database data suggesting underdiagnosis in clinical practice. Risk factors included treatment with typical antipsychotics, higher doses, longer duration of exposure, older age, female gender, higher baseline Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) scores, intellectual impairment, and perinatal complications. Although relatively few cases have been reported in children and adolescents, TD remains a risk in this population. Individuals receiving antipsychotics should be monitored carefully for the emergence of abnormal movements. Other than dose reduction, discontinuation, or switch to a lower-risk antipsychotic, few interventions have demonstrated efficacy. The strongest evidence for pharmacological treatment is for VMAT-2 inhibitors (valbenazine and deutetrabenazine), but these drugs are not licensed for use in children. To reduce risk, antipsychotics should be prescribed only if necessary, at the minimum effective dose and for the minimum necessary duration.

Multiple myeloma in Latin America: A systematic review.

The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) has surged globally, particularly in Latin American countries, and is attributable to an aging population and increased life expectancy. This systematic review analyzes the epidemiology, patient characteristics, and treatment outcomes for MM in selected Latin American countries: Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay. PubMed and the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), conference abstracts (between June 2019 and June 2022), and GLOBOCAN registry (January 2010 to June 2022) were electronically searched. Qualitative analysis employed the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool. Among the 586 screened articles, 26 met the inclusion criteria. The participants' median age ranged from 54 to 67 years. GLOBOCAN data revealed that for MM, Brazil and Uruguay had the highest and lowest incidence, 5-year prevalence, and mortality, respectively. Immunoglobulin G was the most common subtype detected. Stage III was frequently diagnosed. Though many approved drugs are available and bispecific antibodies hold promise as a future therapy, limited access, especially for CAR-T cell-based therapy remains a concern. The incidence of MM is increasing in Latin America. Resource constraints and costs hinder access to novel drugs and regimens. Understanding disease patterns and patient characteristics is vital to improve MM management in these countries.

STRATEGI INTERVENSI KEPERAWATAN UNTUK MENGURANGI KECEMASAN IBU POSTPARTUM KARENA PERAWATAN TERPISAH: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Separate care between mother and newborn in the postpartum period often has an impact on the psychological condition of the postpartum mother. This psychological condition is not only caused by the health condition of the newborn but is also affected by the loss of the role of a mother. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of nursing interventions to reduce postpartum maternal anxiety due to separate treatments. The design of this research is a systematic review. This study systematically reviewed RCT studies using the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Proquest, Sage, Clinical Key, and a reference list of articles for RCT studies published from January 2013 to October 2023 on nursing interventions against postpartum maternal anxiety that were not hospitalized, assessment of article quality using JBI Critical Appraisal Tools for RCT. A total of 11 research articles met the criteria and were assessed for quality. Consistent results in this review showed that overall, three categories of maternal empowerment and education interventions (p 0.001), music (p &lt;0.05), and relaxation (p 0.003) were shown to be effective in reducing postpartum anxiety due to separate treatments. The main findings of this study showed that nursing interventions that are effective in reducing maternal anxiety are maternal empowerment and education programs, relaxation, and music therapy that are carried out gradually and continuously.

Work engagement among nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

Despite nurses receiving education on how to respond during crises, the stress and demands arising from unprecedented situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may affect their work engagement. To appraise and synthesize studies examining work engagement among nurses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a systematic review in which three databases were searched. Critical appraisal tools and PRISMA guidelines were used. Content analysis was performed. Ethical approval was not required for this systematic review. A total of 21 studies were included. The results were classified into three categories: (1) levels and meanings of work engagement, (2) the relationship of work engagement with various factors, and (3) measures to enhance work engagement. The review revealed that nurses' work engagement varied from moderate to high. Factors such as education level and work schedule flexibility influenced their engagement. Positive associations were found between work engagement and job satisfaction, intention to stay, and organizational support, while stress and workload showed negative relationships. The crucial role of health policymakers, hospital administrators, and nurse managers in acting ethically, creating favorable working conditions and fostering nurses' work engagement was emphasized.

A systematic review of the mechanisms influencing engagement in diabetes prevention programmes for people with pre-diabetes.

To identify barriers and enablers that influence engagement in and acceptability of diabetes prevention programmes for people with pre-diabetes. The results will provide insights for developing strategies and recommendations to improve design and delivery of diabetes prevention programmes with enhanced engagement and acceptability for people with pre-diabetes. This review used a critical realist approach to examine context and mechanisms of diabetes prevention programmes. Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Web of Science, Scopus and Pre-Medline were searched for English language studies published between 2000 and 2023. A quality assessment was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. A total of 90 papers met inclusion criteria. The included studies used a variety of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Data extracted focused on barriers and enablers to engagement in and acceptability of diabetes prevention programmes, with seven key mechanisms identified. These included financial, environmental, personal, healthcare, social and cultural, demographic and programme mechanisms. Findings highlighted diverse factors that influenced engagement in preventive programmes and the importance of considering these factors when planning, developing and implementing future diabetes prevention programmes. Mechanisms identified in this review can inform design and development of diabetes prevention programmes for people with pre-diabetes and provide guidance for healthcare professionals and policymakers. This will facilitate increased participation and engagement in preventive programmes, potentially reducing progression and/or incidence of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes and improving health outcomes.

Prevalence and incidence of oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in indigenous populations: a systematic review protocol.

This review will determine the prevalence and incidence of oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in indigenous populations. There are approximately 476 million indigenous individuals worldwide. Oral cancer affected over 350,000 people globally in 2018, with approximately 80% of cases occurring in the indigenous population. Moreover, the incidence of pre-cancerous lesions is high in this population, accounting for 48.3%. Limited evidence exists regarding the burden of oral cancer among indigenous populations despite research on oral health disparities in this group. Studies on the burden of oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions in indigenous groups, considering rates, ratios (prevalence or mortality), or survival proportions, will be considered for inclusion. There will be no limitations on study design, language, age, gender, or geography. We will exclude studies that only identify, diagnose, or screen oral cancer and pre-cancerous lesions without mentioning prevalence and incidence. This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence. Databases to be searched will include MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (EBSCOhost). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, OAIster, International Association for Dental Research conference abstracts, Google Scholar, government reports, and cancer registry reports will also be screened for unpublished studies. Two reviewers will independently screen articles, and data will be extracted using a customized form. Narrative data synthesis will be conducted and, where appropriate, meta-analysis will be performed. Methodological quality will be assessed using JBI's critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies. PROSPERO CRD42023402858.

Health literacy and tuberculosis control: systematic review and meta-analysis.

To identify literature on health literacy levels and examine its association with tuberculosis treatment adherence and treatment outcomes. Two authors independently searched Pubmed®, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, LILACS, Global Health Medicus and ScienceDirect for articles reporting on health literacy levels and tuberculosis that were published between January 2000 and September 2023. We defined limited health literacy as a person's inability to understand, process, and make decisions from information obtained concerning their own health. Methodological quality and the risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. We used a random effects model to assess the pooled proportion of limited health literacy, the association between health literacy and treatment adherence, and the relationship between health literacy and tuberculosis-related knowledge. Among 5813 records reviewed, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that 51.2% (95% confidence interval, CI: 48.0-54.3) of tuberculosis patients exhibit limited health literacy. Based on four studies, patients with lower health literacy levels were less likely to adhere to tuberculosis treatment regimens (pooled odds ratio: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.37-2.78). Three studies showed a significant relationship between low health literacy and inadequate knowledge about tuberculosis (pooled correlation coefficient: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.32-0.94). Health literacy is associated with tuberculosis treatment adherence and care quality. Lower health literacy might hamper patients' ability to follow treatment protocols. Improving health literacy is crucial for enhancing treatment outcomes and is a key strategy in the fight against tuberculosis.

Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most expected diagnosis for an arthropathy that causes discomfort and disability in older adults. Radiography is frequently used to assess patients with KOA and there have been few prior research evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography (US). The current study sought to assess the diagnostic efficacy of the US in identifying various characteristics of KOA in the scientific literature. This study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses statement. A systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases was completed in March 2023. This study focused on the diagnostic value of US in KOA, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Out of 552 records of database searches, finally, two studies met this systematic review's eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Both of the included studies were cross sectional studies. US demonstrated remarkable sensitivity with adequate specificity for the detection of radiographic knee OA; however, it was found not to be an appropriate method for the detection of early KOA. This study as the first systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of US in detecting KOA. These findings shed light on the importance of investigating the different US features in the evaluation of KOA to reach appropriate sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis.