With the increasing incidence of breast cancer worldwide, early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer has become the key to improving patient survival and quality of life. As a powerful data analysis tool, machine learning is increasingly widely used in the medical field, especially in disease prediction and assisted diagnosis. This paper aims to design and implement a machine learning-based breast cancer prediction system to improve the early diagnosis rate of breast cancer and reduce medical costs. Through an in-depth analysis of the global incidence of breast cancer and the current application of machine learning in the medical field, this study clarified the importance of breast cancer prediction and the problems existing in the existing prediction system. This paper further discusses the theoretical basis of machine learning in breast cancer detection, evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used machine learning algorithms, and reviews the latest research progress in this field at home and abroad. In the part of system design and implementation, the architecture design, data flow and processing process of the prediction system, as well as the method of data preprocessing and feature selection are introduced in detail. In addition, this paper also constructs a machine learning model suitable for breast cancer prediction, and carries out systematic implementation and testing through the actual development environment. In the discussion section, the applicability of machine learning model in breast cancer prediction is analyzed, the causes of model inefficiency are discussed, and the corresponding solutions are proposed. Finally, the paper summarizes the content of the full text, points out the limitations of the research, and puts forward the direction of future research. The results of this study not only provide a new technical means for the early diagnosis of breast cancer, but also provide valuable experience for the application of machine learning in the medical field.