Practical Tool Research Articles

Automated contouring for breast cancer radiotherapy in the isocentric lateral decubitus position: aneural network-based solution for enhanced precision and efficiency.

Adjuvant radiotherapy is essential for reducing local recurrence and improving survival in breast cancer patients, but it carries arisk of ischemic cardiac toxicity, which increases with heart exposure. The isocentric lateral decubitus position, where the breast rests flat on asupport, reduces heart exposure and leads to delivery of amore uniform dose. This position is particularly beneficial for patients with unique anatomies, such as those with pectus excavatum or larger breast sizes. While artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for autocontouring have shown promise, they have not been tailored to this specific position. This study aimed to develop and evaluate aneural network-based autocontouring algorithm for patients treated in the isocentric lateral decubitus position. In this single-center study, 1189 breast cancer patients treated after breast-conserving surgery were included. Their simulation CT scans (1209 scans) were used to train and validate aneural network-based autocontouring algorithm (nnU-Net). Of these, 1087 scans were used for training, and 122 scans were reserved for validation. The algorithm's performance was assessed using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) to compare the automatically delineated volumes with manual contours. Aclinical evaluation of the algorithm was performed on 30additional patients, with contours rated by two expert radiation oncologists. The neural network-based algorithm achieved asegmentation time of approximately 4 min, compared to 20 min for manual segmentation. The DSC values for the validation cohort were 0.88 for the treated breast, 0.90 for the heart, 0.98 for the right lung, and 0.97 for the left lung. In the clinical evaluation, 90% of the automatically contoured breast volumes were rated as acceptable without corrections, while the remaining 10% required minor adjustments. All lung contours were accepted without corrections, and heart contours were rated as acceptable in 93.3% of cases, with minor corrections needed in 6.6% of cases. This neural network-based autocontouring algorithm offers apractical, time-saving solution for breast cancer radiotherapy planning in the isocentric lateral decubitus position. Its strong geometric performance, clinical acceptability, and significant time efficiency make it avaluable tool for modern radiotherapy practices, particularly in high-volume centers.

Fitting cure models using pseudo-observations approaches with the R package pseudoCure

Abstract In survival analysis, it is traditionally assumed that all individuals are susceptible to the event of interest given sufficient time, a premise supported by well-established statistical software. However, scenarios exist where a considerable subset of individuals may never experience the event, highlighting the need for more sophisticated models. To address this, cure rate models have been developed, which acknowledge a “cured” subpopulation inherently nonsusceptible to the event. Existing methods for these analyses can be complex and computationally demanding. In response, the pseudoCure package (Chiou et al. in pseudoCure: a pseudoobservations approach for analyzing survival data with a cure fraction, 2024) implements an innovative solution by utilizing the pseudo-observations approach, as proposed by Su et al. (Stat Methods Med Res 31:2037–2053, 2022), offering a computationally efficient alternative. This package not only provides robust estimations but also enhances the application of generalized estimating equations in specialized cases, providing an invaluable tool in statistical practices. We demonstrate the efficacy of this package in this paper through examples to highlighting its substantial contributions to the field of survival analysis.

Ethnobotany in the digital age: Opportunities and challenges of traditional knowledge digitization

Digitization of traditional medicinal knowledge bridges the gap between ancient wisdom and modern science, ensuring the preservation and sustainable use of this invaluable cultural heritage. This paper reviews the importance of digitization, highlighting its role in preserving oral traditions, fostering global research collaboration, and promoting biodiversity conservation. It explores the integration of traditional knowledge with bioinformatics tools for drug discovery and sustainable harvesting practices. Furthermore, the review identifies key challenges, such as ensuring data accuracy, ethical concerns, and accessibility for marginalized communities, while proposing solutions through emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain. By leveraging global databases and tools like TKDL, BOLD, and GBIF, digitization creates a pathway for advancing traditional medicinal knowledge into a universally accessible, scientifically validated resource.

A Review of CNN Applications in Smart Agriculture Using Multimodal Data.

This review explores the applications of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in smart agriculture, highlighting recent advancements across various applications including weed detection, disease detection, crop classification, water management, and yield prediction. Based on a comprehensive analysis of more than 115 recent studies, coupled with a bibliometric study of the broader literature, this paper contextualizes the use of CNNs within Agriculture 5.0, where technological integration optimizes agricultural efficiency. Key approaches analyzed involve image classification, image segmentation, regression, and object detection methods that use diverse data types ranging from RGB and multispectral images to radar and thermal data. By processing UAV and satellite data with CNNs, real-time and large-scale crop monitoring can be achieved, supporting advanced farm management. A comparative analysis shows how CNNs perform with respect to other techniques that involve traditional machine learning and recent deep learning models in image processing, particularly when applied to high-dimensional or temporal data. Future directions point toward integrating IoT and cloud platforms for real-time data processing and leveraging large language models for regulatory insights. Potential research advancements emphasize improving increased data accessibility and hybrid modeling to meet the agricultural demands of climate variability and food security, positioning CNNs as pivotal tools in sustainable agricultural practices. A related repository that contains the reviewed articles along with their publication links is made available.

Statistical Parametric Mapping Differences in Muscle Recruitment Patterns Between Comfort- and Performance-Oriented Saddle Positions

This study investigates whether electromyography (EMG) analysis can reflect ergonomic improvements for commuter bike users by assessing muscle activity differences between comfort- and performance-oriented saddle positions. A cohort of 30 city bike riders underwent a comprehensive fitting procedure, where one position was individually established based on a comfort perception questionnaire and adjusted by a bike fitter. The aim was to compare the EMG activity of muscles involved in propulsion and lumbar spine stabilisation across different positions. The Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) method was also used to analyse muscle activity throughout the pedalling cycle. The results revealed that the customised position significantly reduced EMG activity in muscles, particularly during key pedalling phases, significantly improving rider comfort and muscle efficiency. SPM analysis highlighted decreased strain in the vastus lateralis and tibialis anterior, indicating improved muscular efficiency and enhanced comfort for urban cyclists. This underscores the importance of personalised bike fitting in promoting comfort and reducing the risk of injury, suggesting that EMG analysis is a valuable tool in both clinical and recreational bike-fitting practices. Future research should explore the long-term effects and potential applications of the proposed fitting method for other bicycle geometries whenever comfort and lower back stability are priorities.

How can we remove erroneous penicillin allergy labels?

To evaluate the use of the Penicillin Allergy Reassessment for Treatment Improvement (PARTI) tool in supporting appropriate penicillin allergy labelling in dental practices. Parallel mixed methods study. Focus groups of patients with documented penicillin allergies and healthcare worker targeted questionnaires were used in gathering feedback on the PARTI tool's design and functionality. Transcriptions of the focus group discussions and free text answers from the questionnaires were coded for analysis using a modified grounded theory approach. A total of 15 patients engaged in the focus groups and 50 healthcare workers responded to the questionnaire. Mean age of the patients was 52 years and 53.3% were female. Most patients (73.3%) had visited a dentist in the preceding year and 86.6% were asked about drug allergies. Healthcare worker respondents included 30% pharmacists and dentists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants (28%). Feedback from patients and healthcare workers on the PARTI tool was constructive and suggestions were made for improvement. Many healthcare workers (68%) highlighted the importance of the section on penicillin allergy testing in the PARTI tool. Feedback from the participants was incorporated into the final PARTI tool. Feedback from patients and healthcare workers was used to finalise a tool for dental practices to enhance dentist-patient communications regarding penicillin allergy.

Accuracy of Digital Intraoral Scans Three-dimensional Surface Analysis Compared with Plaster Models Dental Measurement in Mixed Dentition.

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of digital intraoral scans in capturing the three-dimensional (3D) surface of teeth and dental arches in mixed dentition, compared with conventional plaster models. Intraoral scanning technology has seen rapid advancements in recent years, revolutionizing orthodontic and dental practices. However, its accuracy in mixed dentition remains a subject of investigation. Children with mixed dentition (n = 34) were selected according to specific criteria. Digital intraoral scanning was performed using the Medit i500, and conventional plaster models were created following alginate impression techniques. The arch widths on the 3D digital models were measured using Medit Link software, while the conventional models were measured using calipers. Both sets of data were then analyzed using Moyer's analysis. The results of the study showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the mean space analysis measurements obtained conventionally and digitally in the mixed dentition phase using Moyer's analysis method. Despite minor discrepancies compared to conventional plaster models, digital intraoral scans offer a clinically acceptable level of accuracy for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The benefits of digital scanning, including improved patient experience and enhanced digital workflows, make it a promising tool for modern dental and orthodontic practices. There is no significant difference between space analysis measurements in the mixed dentition phase using Moyer's analysis on conventional and 3D digital models. Nelwan SC, SD Karuniadewi AA, Nowwarote N, et al. Accuracy of Digital Intraoral Scans Three-dimensional Surface Analysis Compared with Plaster Models Dental Measurement in Mixed Dentition. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(12):1363-1369.

On the typical errors in implementing social media management strategies using artificial intelligence technologies

The article investigates contemporary challenges associated with leveraging artificial intelligence in business marketing. The primary goal is to analyze and consolidate common issues in applying artificial intelligence to marketing and to explore preventive measures, with a focus on social media strategies. The study delves into the core concepts and conflicting perspectives on artificial intelligence technologies as presented in modern literature. It draws attention to marketers’ limited understanding of artificial intelligence and its operational mechanisms. The paper emphasizes the necessity of integrating artificial intelligence into marketing processes to boost efficiency, stressing the importance of setting clear implementation goals, reevaluating associated risks, and addressing potential obstacles. By examining social media marketing strategies, it identifies key advantages and methods to enhance the effective use of artificial intelligence. The study also reviews typical mistakes made in social media marketing when artificial intelligence is utilized. Practical recommendations and guiding principles are proposed for adopting these technologies and tools in modern business practices. These include staff training on artificial intelligence, conducting financial and operational feasibility studies, ensuring sufficient functionality, developing guidelines, and standardizing implementation practices.

SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL AND THEIR FAMILIES THROUGH ONLINE COUNSELING

The problem of improving mental health, ensuring psychological stability and readiness to perform assigned tasks is a priority in the system of moral and psychological support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and should aim to maintain a high level of combat readiness of units and subdivisions. A large proportion of servicemen in the combat zone have severe stress disorders, and sometimes they cannot and do not know how to cope with the states and feelings they experience. This has a direct impact on the military's immediate environment. The purpose of the article is to conduct a differential analysis of contemporary practices in consultative psychology, to obtain and scientifically interpret empirical data as a prerequisite for identifying the characteristics and determining the priorities of online counseling within the system of psychological rehabilitation and social support for military personnel and their families. This study employs a structured and systematic methodology to explore the potential and implementation of online counseling as a form of psychological and social support for military personnel and their families. The methodological framework integrates theoretical analysis, empirical research, and practical application to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject. The study is based on the world experience of psychological counseling, as well as the results of an empirical study, which made it possible to identify and characterize the psychological needs of military personnel, to determine the priority steps to meet them with the tools of psychological practice. It is substantiated that psychological counseling of servicemen has a number of features, which are primarily related to the specifics of military service, conditions of stay, constant danger and threat to life. The necessity and expediency of developing and implementing the latest forms and programs of psychological counseling are proved. The article substantiates the need to organize online psychological counseling in view of the involvement of military personnel in performing tasks in combat areas and the remoteness from qualified psychological assistance - one of the few available.

Can I Phone a Friend? Exploring the Use of Digital Devices in Clinical Exams.

Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are used globally to assess health professional learners' clinical skills and applied knowledge. Despite innovations with simulated participants, manikin technology and real patient involvement, there remains a gap between 'real-life' practice and 'OSCE experience'. For example, although mobile phone use is increasingly common in clinical practice; however, it would represent a significant disruption to established assessment practices in OSCEs. We aimed to explore student use of mobile phones during OSCE assessment, with a focus on exam security, equity and relevance to practice. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) allows us to conceptualise and analyse complex systems such as those of OSCE assessment. We recruited a range of stakeholders in a UK medical school setting to participate in focus group interviews exploring our stated aim. Transcripts were analysed using CHAT as a theoretical lens to construct an activity system of assessment and identify emerging tensions around the use of a potentially disruptive technology: students' own mobile phones. Seven examiners, 13 medical students, and two simulated participants participated in three focus groups. Three sources of tension were identified: between the tools of assessment and practice, of exam security and exam relevance, and of medical students as people and professionals. This study exemplifies how a seemingly small disruption in a complex system (introducing a mobile phone-a tool used in everyday practice) can help us understand and describe the unwritten rules of assessment.

ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF MARKETING

Analyzing regional socio-economic systems in the current economic development context is crucial for understanding the trends that impact their functioning and competitiveness. Applying marketing principles has become essential for ensuring the comprehensive development of regions and meeting the population's needs. In the face of globalization and rapid changes in the socio-economic environment, regional systems encounter new challenges. Among these are the necessity to adapt to changing conditions, implement innovations, and attract investments. This requires the development and implementation of new marketing strategies. The article aims to analyze the trends in the development of regional socio-economic systems based on marketing approaches, identify key factors affecting their development, and formulate recommendations for practical implementation. Research Tasks: analyze scientific approaches and existing methodologies regarding the application of marketing principles in regional management of socio-economic processes, evaluate key trends in the development of regional socio-economic systems, considering the influence of global and national factors, identify marketing tools and methods aimed at maximizing the processes of meeting regional-level needs. The study's object is Ukraine's regional socio-economic systems, while the subject is the marketing tools and methods that facilitate their development. The study employed methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, statistical analysis, as well as marketing research methods to identify trends and characteristics of regional development. The results of the research can be used for the development of regional development strategies, the implementation of marketing tools in regional management practices, and the improvement of processes aimed at meeting the population's needs. The article presents the results of analyzing contemporary trends in the development of regional socio-economic systems, identifying key factors affecting their effectiveness, and analyzing the potential application of marketing tools for their advancement. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating marketing principles into the management processes of regional systems. Further research could focus on a detailed examination of the impact of specific marketing strategies on the socio-economic development of individual regions, as well as an assessment of their effectiveness in the context of current challenges.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring-New Diagnostic Tool in Complex Pathophysiological Disorder of Glucose Metabolism in Children and Adolescents with Obesity.

Obesity is one of the leading causes of chronic diseases, and its prevalence is still rising in children and adolescent populations. Chronic cardiovascular complications result in metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Key factors in the development of MS are insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. The disorder of glucose and insulin metabolism has not been fully elucidated so far, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been the only tool used to look into the complex metabolism disorder in children and adolescents with obesity. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has become commercially available for over two decades and is primarily used to manage type 1 diabetes mellitus in pediatric populations. This review aims to present the current knowledge about the use of CGM in children and adolescent populations with obesity. CGM systems have the potential to serve as valuable tools in everyday clinical practices, not only in the better diagnosis of chronic complications associated with obesity, but CGM can also assist in interventions to make better adjustments to nutritional and therapeutic approaches based on real-time glucose monitoring data. Despite these promising benefits, further research is needed to fully understand the role of CGM in metabolic disorders in pediatric populations with obesity, which will additionally strengthen the importance of CGM systems in everyday clinical practices.

The Handwriting Legibility Scale: A Language and Age Extension for Students With and Without Specific Learning Difficulties

Handwriting is a useful skill through education, yet handwriting difficulties are common in students with Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLD), including Developmental Coordination Disorder. There are few practical tools to assess legibility, among these the Handwriting Legibility Scale (HLS) shows good reliability and validity for 9- to 14-year-olds in the United Kingdom. The aims of the current study were to investigate applicability of the HLS in students with and without SpLD in (a) another language and (b) older age groups. First, the HLS was translated and applied to writing scripts of 193 9- to 14-year-olds in Italy. Findings support previous work on reliability and validity. A principal component analysis confirmed a single component for the HLS at this age and there was differentiation between scripts from students with and without SpLD. Second, the HLS was applied to writing scripts of 80 15- to 16-year-olds and 120 17- to 25-year-olds in the United Kingdom. Results showed good reliability and differentiation between scripts from students with and without SpLD. A principal component analysis revealed two components for the HLS in the older age groups. Language and age differences in the use of the HLS are discussed, alongside other considerations when applying the tool to help identify handwriting difficulties in students.

Navigating the Complexity of Generative AI Adoption in Software Engineering—RCR Report

This Replicated Computational Results (RCR) report complements the study “Navigating the Complexity of Generative AI Adoption in Software Engineering,” which examines the factors influencing the integration of AI tools in software engineering practices. Employing a mixed-methods approach grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model, Diffusion of Innovation Theory, and Social Cognitive Theory, the study introduces the Human-AI Collaboration and Adaptation Framework (HACAF), validated through PLS-SEM analysis. The replication package detailed herein includes survey instruments, raw data, and analysis scripts essential for reproducing the study's findings. By providing these artifacts, the RCR report aims to support transparency, enable replication, and encourage further research on effective AI tool adoption strategies in software engineering.

Self-Awareness Learning in Relation to Educational Development of Students in Public Elementary Schools

This study examined the relationship between self-awareness learning and the educational development of students in public elementary schools in the Panabo District, Division of Davao Del Norte. A non-experimental quantitative research design with a correlational method was employed, with 133 student respondents selected through universal sampling. Data analysis included the use of mean, Pearson's r, and regression analysis. Findings indicated that students sometimes manifested self-awareness, and their educational development was similarly moderate. Results showed a significant relationship between self-awareness learning and students' educational development, with specific domains of self-awareness significantly influencing educational outcomes. These findings suggest that enhancing self-awareness can be a valuable tool in educational practices. Teachers may benefit from attending seminars and professional development programs offered by DepEd to strengthen their instructional strategies. By building teaching capacity, educators can foster an environment that promotes students' self-awareness and supports comprehensive educational development.

From prevention to management: exploring AI’s role in metabolic syndrome management: a comprehensive review

BackgroundThis review aims to comprehensively explore the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS is characterized by a cluster of conditions, posing a growing public health threat globally. Recognizing the limitations of traditional management approaches, we emphasize the potential of AI in transforming the management of MetS, focusing on recent advancements and applications in risk prediction and diagnosis.Body and conclusion.The integration of artificial intelligence in medicine is expanding, particularly in managing MetS, involving conditions like hypertension and dyslipidemia. Diagnosis and treatment challenges stem from addressing multiple conditions simultaneously. AI tools prove essential in monitoring indices such as blood pressure and glucose, and identifying trends for treatment adjustments. Lifestyle modifications are crucial, and AI can facilitate these changes through user-friendly interfaces and positive reinforcement. Standardization and successful implementation of AI tools in medical practices are necessary for revolutionizing MetS management, requiring focused future research efforts.

Electronic Documentation of Findings in Visual Impairment Counselling Using FIDUS Software

The increasing use of electronic documentation extends to consultation for the visually impaired. The aim of this project was to develop a set of forms and electronic patient records specifically for low vision care, giving equal consideration to ophthalmological, orthoptic, and optometric specialities, as well as teaching aspects. FIDUS software (FIDUS Arztservice Wente GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) is a well-established tool in ophthalmology practices and clinics. The software was used as a basis to develop digital entry forms with features such as auto-fill, selection recommendations, and inventory management for visual aids. The aim of the project was to maximise clarity and ease of use while also saving time during consultation with visually impaired patients. This article presents the implementation of these criteria using the electronic FIDUS record card with the corresponding electronic forms for electronic patient records taken during consultation with visually impaired patients. The index card visualises the patient's most important data and findings at a glance. Specifically designed for low vision consultation, the examination form documents visual aids prescribed to the patient in detail while also saving time. Other forms enable direct printing of prescription recommendations, test reports, and certificates. Entry forms can also be printed out for conventional handwritten records. We have achieved an electronic patient record system specifically geared to ophthalmological and optical care requirements including local inventory for visually impaired patients. Determining the level of acceptance on the part of examiners, patients, and students and optimising the software will require follow-up studies.

BN SO50 - The Resurgence of Veress Needle Insufflation: An Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of One Surgeon’s Practice

Abstract Background Veress needle insufflation has been established as a safe and effective method of establishing pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery, with comparable risk profile to open methods. However, the blind nature of the procedure with potential complications such as iatrogenic bowel and blood vessel injury has seen this technique fall out of fashion with general surgeons. This study reviews the safety and efficacy of a single surgeon’s practice using Veress needle insufflation for Laparoscopic surgical procedures. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on minimally invasive procedures performed between January 2019 and June 2024. In our practice, a standard or bariatric Veress needle is placed in a small incision at Palmer’s point. A manometer test is performed with CO2 insufflation at a low flow rate and raising the abdominal wall. If a low pressure is established, then the flow is increased to achieve adequate pneumoperitoneum before introduction of a midline 5mm camera port. Primary outcomes of this study include rate of conversion to open techniques (either Hasson’s or open cut down) and any complications. Results Of the 702 cases reviewed, five patients (0.71%) required conversion to open insufflation techniques. Two (0.28%) had bleeding from the omentum, and one patient (0.14%) experienced inadvertent bowel insufflation which was managed conservatively with no long-term morbidity. Notably there were no port site hernias. Conclusion This study supports the continued use of the Veress needle as a safe and effective method of insufflation in laparoscopic surgery. It offers minimal incision size, easier access in high BMI patients, and an alternative when adhesions and scarring limit access. Furthermore, adopting this technique can be particularly useful for appropriate port placement in robotic surgery, making it a valuable tool for modern surgical practices.

Managing operational resilience during the implementation of digital transformation in healthcare organisational practices.

The aim of this study is to investigate ways in which healthcare organisations can successfully maintain operational resilience within intricate and varied engagements during digital transformation processes. The present research applied cultural-historical activity theory as the theoretical framework and the ethnographic account as an approach and strategy to interpret and understand theoperational resilience of digital transformation tools in daily practices. Fieldwork was based on the research technique of shadowing, whereby the researcher closely accompanied the participants to record their conduct, activities and exchanges. Research results propose that effective operational resilience management in the implementation of digital transformation projects is based on (1) identifying and interpreting internal contradictions in everyday interactions as opportunities for capability developments; (2) navigating through multiple sites in fast and improvised movements, which derives in distributed and emergent practices; (3) interplaying between dyadic interactions and networked dependencies, which is achieved through the articulation of varied interests and (4)implementing novel intermediary tools, roles and regulations that facilitate the reduction of disturbances. The propositions of the present study indicate that the management of operational resilience extends beyond conventional adaptive and socio-technical models in healthcare services. The study emphasises the significance of expressing and converting differing interests into mutual advantages. It additionally demonstrates the intricacy of this obstacle, as it entails navigating through uncertain information, concealed interpretations and conflicting interests.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE CONTINUOUS LEARNING

This research addressed the issue of the effectiveness of formative assessment in the teaching and learning process, with the aim of analyzing how this practice impacts student motivation and performance. The methodology used was a bibliographic review, in which articles, books and academic documents on the subject were examined. The results indicated that formative assessment, when applied appropriately, promoted significant learning, allowing students to become autonomous and engaged in their educational trajectories. In addition, the analysis revealed that educators' resistance and the lack of continuous training were barriers to the implementation of formative assessment. It was observed that teacher training and the use of digital technologies facilitated the application of this approach, providing dynamic monitoring of learning. The final considerations emphasized the importance of teacher training and the integration of technological tools in assessment practices. The research concluded that formative assessment is a strategy that contributes to improving the quality of education. However, the need for future research to deepen the discussion on formative assessment in different educational contexts was highlighted.