Tool In Morphometric Analysis Research Articles

Geospatial approaches of TGSI and morphometric analysis in the Mahi River basin using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS and SRTM-DEM.

The research objective is to assess the Mahi River basin, morphometric parameters, and structurally controlled morphological terrains about the topsoil grain size index (TGSI), based on satellite data including Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS and SRTM-DEM data, using ArcGIS processing software. According to morphometric analysis, the Mahi River basin has an area of 28,844.2 km2 and is a drainage basin of the 8th order. In the sub-basin (SB8), bifurcation ratio reveals structural and geomorphological disorder, and high sinuosity causes significant meandering. These positive dependency factors, such as drainage density (Dd) and stream frequency (Sf), are increasing in SB7, SB8, SB12, and SB13, which results in high permeability, strong runoff, a flat topography, and a gentle slope. TGSI has been performed to analyze the geomorphological features of the structurally controlled Mahi River. The Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS has been utilized for the TGSI analysis, and SRTM-DEM has been utilized for the extraction of structurally controlled lineaments of the river basin. The resultant structurally controlled terrains have been cross-verified based on the DN reflectance of TGSI and the lineament type in the river basin for the morphometry. The results of the TGSI reveal that the minimum and maximum values are -0.1324 and 0.4207; the dominant type of terrain is pediment pediplain complex (PPC), having the TGSI range 0.1322 to 0.4207 with the fracture-type structural dominance with an area of 56.7% of the total area. The results reveal that the structural linear features in the Mahi catchment consist of structural deformed bodies such as faults, fractures, and ridge plains. Thus, it can be observed from the findings that remote sensing data (SRTM-DEM) combined with GIS methodology prove to be an effective tool in morphometric analysis and TGSI data could be utilized in the future for basin management and other hydrological studies.

Morphometric analysis of the Jilledubanderu River Basin, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India, using geospatial technologies

Morphometry is a tool to search for groundwater resources through the studies of various landforms and drainage system. The drainage pattern is an important prerequisite in evaluating the basin hydrology through the knowledge of morphometric parameters. The system of streaming wherein the water reaches the streams is dependent upon the morphometric characteristics of the basin. The extracted drainage network was classified according to Strahler's system and it reveals that the basin exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. The Jilledubanderu River Basin is sprawled over an area of 486.95 km2 and forms a part of the Chitravathi River system. The study area is designated as sixth-order basin and lower order streams mostly dominate the basin with the average drainage density of 1.96 km/km2. The slope of basin varies from 0° to >35° and the slope variation is chiefly controlled by the local geology and erosion cycles. The elongation ratio value is 0.66 indicating the basin has elongated shape with moderate relief and steep slopes. The drainage texture of the basin is 5.69 which indicate an intermediate texture that exists over the region. Hence, from the study, it can be concluded that remote sensing data (SRTM–DEM) coupled with geospatial techniques prove to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis and the data can be used for basin management and other hydrological studies in future.

Morphometric Analysis of Karadya Micro Watershed: A Case Study of Mandya District

Water is one of the essential natural resource for the very survival of life becoming a scarce commodity. It is very important to manage this very essential natural resource at micro watershed level for achieving sustainable development. The morphometric analysis plays a vital role in understanding the hydro-geological behavior of drainage basin. Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques are proven efficient tool for morphometric analysis of a drainage basin throughout the world. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to study morphometric parameters of Karadya micro watershed using Geographical information system(GIS) approach. The study reveals that the terrain exhibits dendritic type drainage pattern with highest stream order being third order. The drainage density of watershed is 2.65km-1. The mean bifurcation ratio of the entire basin is 6.73 indicating that the drainage pattern is not much influenced by geological structures. Relief ratio indicates that the discharge capability of these watersheds is very high and the ground water potential is low. Further, the study reveals that GIS techniques proved to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis helps in planning and management of watershed.

English

Watershed is a natural hydrological entity which allows surface run-off to a defined channel, drainage, stream or river at a particular point. It is the basic unit of water supply, which evolves over time. Morphometric analysis is a quantitative description and analysis of landforms as practiced in geomorphology that applied to a particular kind of landform or to drainage basins. Remote sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS) has proved to be an efficient tool in delineation of drainage pattern and water resources management and its planning. In the present study, GIS and image processing techniques have been adopted for the identification of morphological features and analysing their properties of the Eru river Basin, sub watershed of Mahi river, Rajasthan, India. The basin morphometric parameters such as linear and aerial aspects of the river basin were determined and computed. The study area covers 71.40 km2 comprising of 3 sub-watersheds. The drainage network of 3 sub-watersheds was delineated using Landsat ETM remote sensing data and standard Survey of India topographical maps on 1:50,000 scale. The drainage network shows that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. The highest stream order is fourth order. Estimated drainage density is approximately 1.82 and has very coarse to coarse drainage texture. The mean bifurcation ratio is 3.70 that indicate uniform geological structure and lithologies in watershed area. The investigation has shown that as the order of stream increases total length of stream segments is decreases. Hence, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between stream numbers and stream lengths as per the Horton‟s law of stream length. The elongation ratio shows that Eru river sub-watershed possesses elongated shape pattern. The study showed that GIS techniques proved to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis.

Morphometric Studies Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Bah Tehsil, Agra District, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract Morphometric analysis of four sub-watersheds namely Pidhaura, Batesar, Balapur and Pariar forming parts of Yamuna River around Bah Tahsil of Agra district have been carried out using Geocoded FCC of bands 2, 3 and 4 of IRS-1D, LISS-III, SOI toposheets number 54 J/5 and 54 J/9 and GIS softwares - ArcGIS, Arcview and 3Dem software for preparation of DEM. The present study shows that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern, stream order ranges from third to fourth order; drainage density varies slightly and has very coarse to coarse texture in Pidhaura and Balarpur sub-watersheds and fine drainage texture in Batesar and Pariar sub-watersheds. The other parameters determined and discussed include bifurcation ratio, elongation ratio, stream frequency, infiltration number, length of overland flow and relief aspects of the watersheds. The mean bifurcation ratio depicts that the basin falls under normal basin category. The elongation ratio shows that Balarpur sub-watershed mark elongation pattern, whereas, Pidhaura, Batesar and Pariar sub-watersheds possess circular shape. The present study concludes that remote sensing techniques proved to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis of drainage basin and channel network.

Hydrologic behaviour of Tapi river catchment using morphometric analysis

The study area Tapi River catchment covers 63,922.91 Sq.Km comprising of 5 five Sub-catchments: Purna river catchment (18,473.6 sq.km) Upper Tapi catchment (10,530.3 sq. km), Middle Tapi catchment (4,997.3 sq km), Girna river catchment (10,176.9 sq.km) and lower Tapi catchment (19,282.5 sq.km.). The drainage network of 5 Sub-catchments was delineated using remote sensing data. The morphometric analysis of 5 Sub-catchments has been carried out using GIS softwares – ArcMap. The drainage network showed that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. Stream orders ranged from sixth to seventh order. Drainage density varied between 0.39 and 0.43km/ km2and had very coarse to coarse drainage texture. The relief ratio ranged from 0.003 to 0.007. The mean bifurcation ratio varied from 4.24 to 6.10 and falls under normal basin category. The elongation ratio showed that all catchment elongated pattern. Thus, the remote sensing techniques proved to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis.

Drainage Morphology Approach For Water Resources Development of Sub Watershed in Krishna Basin

The morphometric analysis of study area has been carried out using Arc GIS software. The study area covers 3035 sq.km. The drainage network was delineated using SOI topographical map of no. 47 K – 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 47 L - 9 on the scale 1:50,000. Morphological characterized of the drainage line as appear in shape ,size, number, order, length, Dd, Sf, Rb, Fs, T, Rc are derived to trace its usefulness for surface development . The present study involves Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis technique to evaluate and compare linear relief and aerial morphometry of Yerala watershed of Krishna River. Yerala watershed is basically 7th order drainage and is mainly dendritic to sub dendritic. Drainage density and texture of the drainage basin is 6.89 km/km2, 18.60 respectively. The drainage frequency of Yerala watersheds is 1.96 where as the bifurcation ratio ranges from 2 to 11. Hence from the study it can be conclude that GIS technique proves to be competent tool in morphometric analysis.

Geographical information system-based morphometric analysis of Bharathapuzha river basin, Kerala, India

A morphometric analysis of Bharathapuzha river basin has been carried out using geoprocessing techniques in GIS. This technique is found relevant for the extraction of river basin and its drainage networks. The extracted drainage network was classified according to Strahler’s system of classification and it reveals that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. The Bharathapuzha drainage basin is sprawled over an area of 5,988.56 km2. The study area was designated as seventh-order basin and lower order streams mostly dominate the basin with the drainage density value of 1.07 km/km2. The slope of basin varied from 0° to 70° and the slope variation is chiefly controlled by the local geology and erosion cycles. The elongation ratio of the basin is 0.57 indicating that the study area is elongated with moderate relief and steep slopes. The drainage texture of the basin is 7.78 which indicates an intermediate texture that exists over the region. Hence, from the study, it can be concluded that remote sensing data (SRTM–DEM) coupled with geoprocessing techniques prove to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis and the data can be used for basin management and other hydrological studies in future.

Morphometric Analysis of Kangshabati-Darkeswar Interfluves Area in West Bengal, India using ASTER DEM and GIS Techniques

The aim of the study is to delineate the morphometric characteristics of Kangshabati-Darkeswar Interfluves Area using remote sensing and GIS technology. 10 km2 grids were elaborate to delineate the relief characteristics using Advance Space Thermal Emission and Radiometer (ASTER) data. Drainage networks were automatically extracted from digital aster elevation models. Second order local polynomial (LP) interpolation technique was used to estimate the surface characteristics of the study area using ArcGIS 9.3. The absolute elevation of the study region is extended between 4.0-949.29 m with an average elevation of 484.50 m. The highest relative relief resulted 833.69 m, whereas the average ruggedness index of the study area is recorded as 0.09 per 10 km2 area. The average drainage density of the study area was computed 0.73/sq. km and the highest drainage intensity are recorded as 9.58/10 km2 grid area. The average length of overland flow of the study area was 2.56/10 km2 grid areas. The result of the study highlights an about the spatial distribution of relief and hydrological characteristics which may provide the knowledge to devise and accomplish an appropriate plan to progress agriculture and others allied activities. Hence, from the study, it can be concluded that remote sensing data (ASTER –DEM) coupled with GIS techniques prove to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis and the data can be used for basin or interfluves area management and other hydrological studies in future.

Geographic information system–based morphometric characterization of sub-watersheds of Meenachil river basin, Kottayam district, Kerala, India

The study areas Tikovil and Payppara sub-watersheds of Meenachil river cover 158.9 and 111.9 km2, respectively. These watersheds are parts of Western Ghats, which is an ecologically sensitive region. The drainage network of the sub-watersheds was delineated using SOI topographical maps on 1:50,000 scale using the Arc GIS software. The stream orders were calculated using the method proposed by Strahler's (1964). The drainage network shows that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. Stream order ranges from the fifth to the sixth order. Drainage density varies between 1.69 and 2.62 km/km2. The drainage texture of the drainage basins are 2.3 km–1 and 6.98 km–1 and categorized as coarse to very fine texture. Stream frequency is low in the case of Payappara sub-watershed (1.78 km–2). Payappara sub-watershed has the highest constant of channel maintenance value of 0.59 indicating much fewer structural disturbances and fewer runoff conditions. The form factor value varies in between 0.42 and 0.55 suggesting elongated shape formed for Payappara sub-watershed and a rather more circular shape for Tikovil sub-watershed. The mean bifurcation ratio (3.5) indicates that both the sub-watersheds are within the natural stream system. Hence from the study it can be concluded that GIS techniques prove to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis.

GIS based morphometric evaluation of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds, parts of Western Ghats, Thrissur District, Kerala, India

GIS and Remote Sensing have proved to be an indispensible tool in morphometric analysis. The identification of morphometric properties based on a geographic information system (GIS) was carried out in two watersheds in the Thrissur district of Kerala, India. These watersheds are parts of Western Ghats, which is an ecologically sensitive area. Quantitative geomorphometric analysis was carried out for the Chimmini and Mupily watersheds independently by estimating their (a) linear aspects like stream number, stream order, stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio, bifurcation ratio, length of overland flow, drainage pattern (b) aerial aspects like circulatory ratio, elongation ratio, drainage density and (c) relief aspects like basin relief, relief ratio, relative relief and ruggedness number. The drainage areas of Chimmini and Mupily watersheds are 140 and 122 km2 respectively and show patterns of dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage. The Chimmini watershed was classified as a sixth order drainage basin, whereas Mupily watershed was classified as a fifth order basin. The stream order of the basin was predominantly controlled by physiographic and structural conditions. The increase in the stream length ratio from lower to higher order suggests that the study area has reached a mature geomorphic stage. The development of stream segments is affected by rainfall and local lithology of the watersheds. The slope of both watersheds varied from 0° to 50° and 0° to 42° respectively and the slope variation is chiefly controlled by the local geology and erosion cycles. Moreover, these studies are useful for planning rain water harvesting and watershed management.

Morphometric analysis of sub-watersheds in the pavagada area of Tumkur district, South India using remote sensing and gis techniques

The study area covers 570 km2 comprising of 9 sub-watersheds (Dalavayihalli, Maddalenahalli, Talamaradahalli, Puluvalli tank, Nagalamadike, Gowdatimmanahalli, Naliganahalli, Devadabetta and Byadanur) range from 49 to 75 km2 forming part of Pennar river basin around Pavagada. The drainage network of 9 sub-watersheds was delineated using remote sensing data - Geocoded FCC of bands - 2 3 4 of IRS 1 C and 1 D (LISS III+PAN merged) on 1:50,000 scale and SOI topomaps were used as reference. The morphometric analysis of 9 sub-watersheds has been carried out using GIS softwares - Arclnfo and Are View. The drainage network shows that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern. Stream orders ranges from fourth to fifth order. Drainage density varies between 1.55 and 2.16 km/ km2 and has very coarse to coarse drainage texture. The relief ratio range from 0.006 to 0.021. The mean bifurcation ratio varies from 3.21 to 4.88 and falls under normal basin category. The elongation ratio shows that Devedabetta sub-watershed possesses circular shape while remaining sub-watersheds mark elongated pattern. Hence from the study it can be concluded that remote sensing techniques proved to be a competent tool in morphometric analysis.

Influence of rock types and structures in the development of drainage network in hard rock area

Remote sensing techniques has proved to be an extremely useful tool in morphometric analysis and groundwater studies. Remote sensing techniques with an emphasis on lineament identifications can play a great role in groundwater prospecting in semi-arid hard rock areas of Purulia district. In the present study, morphometric analysis using remote sensing technique has been carried out in parts of Baghmundi block, Purulia district, West Bengal. The parameters worked out include Bifurcation ratio (Rb), Stream length (Lu), Form factor (Rc), Circulatory ratio (Rc), and Drainage density (D). The morphometric analysis suggests that fractured, resistant, permeable rocks cover the area, the drainage network not so affected by tectonic disturbances. Using satellite imageries of two dates of IRS, different hydrogeomorphological units have been delineated. Among different hydrogeomorphic units (i) very shallow weathered pediment and (ii) Structural hills/ residual hills/inselbergs have very poor ground water prospects, while moderately weathered pediplains and valley fills are good prospective zones for groundwater exploration.

Morphometric analysis using remote sensing techniques in the chaka sub-basin, purulia district, West Bengal

Remote sensing techniques using satellite imagery have proved to be an indispensible tool in morphometric analysis and groundwater studies. In the present area, morphometric analysis using temote sensing techniques have been carried out in Chaka river sub-basin of Manbazar Block, Purulia district, West-Bengal, which is one of the most drought affected area in West-Bengal. The parameters worked out include Bifurcation ratio (Rb), Stream length (Lu). Form factor (Rf), Circulatory ratio (Rc), and Drainage density. The morphometric analysis suggests that the area is covered by fractured, resistant, permeable rocks, the drainage network not so affected by tectonic disturbances.

Finite element-based cephalometric analysis.

The finite element method has proven to be a useful tool for morphometric analysis in craniofacial biology. However, few attempts have been made to adapt this method for routine use by clinicians. The CEFEA program incorporates the advanced features of the finite element method but bypasses the detailed understanding of the engineering and mathematics previously required to interpret results. The program uses the color graphics display of common personal computers to show size change, shape change, and angle of maximum change. These are pictured as colored triangles of clinically relevant regions between pre- and mid- or posttreatment lateral headfilms. The program is designed to have features of interest in both clinical practice and research.

Changes in channel size at river confluences with coarse bed material

AbstractA field survey of thirty stream junctions from a small watershed, together with data collected by Miller (1958), allowed us to investigate morphometric adjustments occurring at confluences. The model proposed by Roy and Woldenberg (1986) was slightly modified and used as a tool for morphometric analysis. Two parameters are necessary in order to evaluate the rate of change in channel size at a confluence: the area ratio (channel capacity above the confluence: channel capacity below the confluence) and the discharge ratio (discharge of the minor tributary: discharge of the major tributary). Our data show that total channel capacity tends to decline below most confluences. A reduction in cross‐sectional area implies an increase in average flow velocity. This interpretation is consistent with Lyell's observations and with results from recent flume experiments (Best and Reid, 1984).