Research Tool Research Articles

Profiling public perception of emerging technologies: gene editing, brain chips and exoskeletons. A data-analytics framework

Three AI developments, classified as forms of human enhancements, center around progress at the intersection of AI, nanotechnology and biotechnology. Our research advances the understanding of AI and human enhancement by data-driven analytics and offers practical tools for future research and societal applications. It is based on a survey that was launched by PRC in February 2021 to more than 5,000 respondents from the U.S. It consists of about 100 questions that are grouped using a prefix code by the 3 above-mentioned human enhancement, science role, concerns and excitements, perceived algorithm fairness and demographics. To investigate this survey and extract insights regarding the general attitude, a data analytics framework is proposed that consists of clustering using DBSCAN and K-means, ANOVA for clusters, PCA, t-SNE and UMAP for graphical visualization, prediction and advanced customers’ profiles analyses. Both clustering methods indicate distinct profiles for AI customers. Most of them are moderate, but two smaller groups define the tech-ethics advocates and tech-forward visionaries. For prediction, in the multi-class classification task, the ROC-AUC score is 0.852 and average F1 Score is 0.987. Following the results, both technology creators and legislators must work collaboratively to ensure that technological advancements are ethically grounded, widely accepted and aligned with societal values.

Optimizing ex vivo penetration tests via quantitative confocal Raman spectroscopy: Impact of incubation time, skin hydration, surfactant treatment and UVA irradiation on caffeine distribution

Ex vivo penetration tests are important tools in cosmetic and pharmaceutical research. However, variability of experimental setups is challenging when reviewing literature. Different skin models, pre-treatments and experimental parameters render comparison difficult. Thus, our aim was to conduct ex vivo penetration tests using caffeine in different setups with varying incubation conditions (ambient vs. Franz cells, infinite vs. finite dose). Additionally, the impact of skin pre-treatment with different aggressors (surfactants, UVA irradiation) should be considered. Possible synergistic barrier damage of surfactants and UVA irradiation should be explored. Analysis was conducted using quantitative confocal Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that incubation time and extensive hydration (20 h in Franz cells) had the greatest impact on penetration behavior. Additional irradiation after pre-treatment with oil-in-water nanoemulsions showed no strong impact on caffeine penetration in general, irrespective of surfactant type. However, in case of sodium lauryl ether sulfate, a trend towards enhanced values was observed due to irradiation (1.3-fold). This suggests cumulative skin barrier damage of irritant surfactants and UVA irradiation, potentially due to stratum corneum alterations. Further studies using different irradiation regimens are planned to confirm this hypothesis.

Microfluidic device-assisted 3D cell spheroids isolation, staining and embedding

3D cell spheroids have emerged as indispensable tools in cell biology research. In this study, the efficacy of an open-close switchable microfluidic device for on-chip staining and agar-embedding of 3D spheroids was thoroughly validated, especially in preparation for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. The on-chip staining procedure, employing Trypan blue and Calcein-AM/PI staining, was demonstrated to evaluate the cell viability of spheroids. During overextended culture periods, a discernible decline in cell viability was observed at the central region of the spheroids, offering valuable information on the temporal aspects of spheroid development. On-chip agar embedding stands out for its precise control over the location and orientation of three-dimensional spheroids, a key factor in exploring cellular architecture, especially in fused spheroids using IHC analysis. In comparison to tube-based staining, this method significantly cuts down on reagent use and analysis time. This not only boosts efficiency but also lowers the risk of spheroid damage or loss during staining, highlighting its potential for handling miniaturized tissue samples and biopsies in cell assays. The on-chip staining and agar-embedding techniques presented here not only provide valuable insights into spheroids’ behavior but also pave the way for further developments in miniaturized tissue analysis and cell-based assays.

Polyphenol Tannin‐Induced Protein Precipitation for Drug Target Discovery by Chemical Proteomics

AbstractHigh‐throughput drug discovery is highly dependent on the targets available to accelerate the process of candidate screening. Unbiased drug target identification is of crucial importance to reveal the mechanisms of protein–drug interactions. In recent years, energetics‐based protein conformation methods have become an alternative strategy for protein target discovery of bioactive drugs. In this study, we present a novel tannin protein precipitation method (TAP) for identifying target proteins of small molecules using the effect on protein solubility of tannin. The feasibility of this method was validated using a drug model of methotrexate. It was found that the known target DHFR yields a significant solubility shift. This method was further investigated with Annexin A2, the target protein of protopanaxadiol (PPD)‐S by western blot, and by screening potential target proteins of PPD‐S in K562 cells by quantitative proteomics. Finally, the TAP method was employed to differentiate the target proteins of pair chiral molecules PPD‐S and PPD‐R, which can bring up novel insights into the mechanism of drug–protein interactions. This study not only provides an effective tool for drug research and development but also offers new ideas for understanding the mechanism of action of natural chiral bioactive compounds.

Factors affected housing prices: taking Boston as an example

Abstract. Real estate price prediction plays a vital role in urban planning, investment decision-making, and risk management. However, existing prediction models often show problems such as insufficient generalization ability and susceptibility to outliers when faced with complex nonlinear relationships, multidimensional features, and noisy data. Therefore, choosing a model that can accurately capture complex patterns and has strong robustness has become the focus of research. This paper introduces the random forest model and compares it with multivariate linear regression, XGBoost, and support vector machine (SVM). Compared with the traditional regression model, the random forest model combines the flexibility of decision trees and the multi-level feature extraction ability of deep learning, and can better handle the complex nonlinear relationships in the Boston housing price dataset. The experimental results show that the random forest model has achieved excellent performance in all evaluation indicators, and the model accuracy indicators are distributed as MSE=8.2502, RMSE=2.8723, MAE=2.0668, and R^2=0.8875. These results show that the random forest model not only outperforms other models in prediction accuracy but also shows significant advantages in dealing with data complexity and improving generalization ability. Therefore, the random forest model provides an efficient and reliable tool for future real estate price prediction research and applications.

The Role of Thermal Analysis in Engine Fin Design: Insights and Perspectives

Objective: The study aims to address the significance of fins in enhancing the heat transfer rate of engine cylinders and highlight their applications and advancements in various fields. Methods: Thermal analysis of fins using ANSYS Workbench is an invaluable tool for engineers and researchers in determining and optimizing the heat transfer characteristics of finned structures. ANSYS Workbench provides a comprehensive platform for evaluating the performance of fins in various applications using simulations of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element analysis (FEA). With ANSYS Workbench, it is possible to assess the thermal behaviour of fins under a variety of conditions, such as variable boundary conditions and thermal loads. Some significant recent patents on Engine fin are also discussed in this review article. Results: Fins are designed to maximize contact with the surrounding air or coolant, thereby facilitating engine heat transfer to the surrounding environment. Engineers can enhance heat dissipation capabilities by considering parameters such as fin geometry, density, material selection, and manufacturing techniques while minimizing associated drawbacks. Conclusion: The numerous applications of fins highlighted in this review article will encourage researchers to find novel strategies to improve heat transfer by employing fins for use in a variety of sectors.

Recent advances in neuro-ophthalmology.

This review article represents a collaborative effort across continents, bringing together the latest developments in neuro-ophthalmology with a focus on innovative diagnostic and therapeutic modalities that are shaping the future of the field. Among the most significant advancements is the rise of optical coherence tomography (OCT), now recognized as an indispensable tool in neuro-ophthalmological research, providing unparalleled insights into optic nerve and central nervous system pathologies. Gene therapy, particularly for conditions such as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, marks a new frontier in personalized medicine, offering hope for previously untreatable conditions. The article also examines the transformative role of telemedicine and artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical practice, which are revolutionizing patient care and enhancing diagnostic precision. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of novel serological biomarkers on the understanding and management of immune-mediated optic neuritis, and discusses the introduction of new therapeutic agents like Tocilizumab and Teprotumumab, which are redefining treatment paradigms. Collectively, these advancements reflect the profound influence of modern medicine on neuro-ophthalmology, paving the way for improved patient outcomes and fostering new avenues for research and clinical practice.

T-cells are significantly reduced in the luminal gastrointestinal tract of patients with “complete” 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome): Utilization of chromogenic multiplex immunohistochemistry to define cellular populations

Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome or DiGeorge syndrome commonly report gastrointestinal symptoms in addition to more widely understood cardiac and immunodeficiency abnormalities. However, the morphologic features of gastrointestinal tract pathology in these patients are poorly understood. We previously reported that plasma cells are essentially absent from the luminal gastrointestinal tract of patients with “complete” DiGeorge syndrome. Herein, we add to the current understanding of the luminal gastrointestinal tract changes in patients with DiGeorge syndrome. Patients with cytogenetically confirmed DiGeorge syndrome were identified after approval from our institutional review board. Gastrointestinal tract biopsies from patients with DiGeorge syndrome that were severely immunosuppressed (complete DiGeorge syndrome, DGS-I), partially immunocompromised (partial DiGeorge syndrome, DGS), and from control patients were reviewed. Two panels of chromogenic multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to evaluate the immune cell infiltrate in the lamina propria of the duodenum and colon. “Panel #1” was composed of antibodies targeting CD3, CD20, and CD68. “Panel #2” was composed of antibodies targeting CD4, CD8, CD56, and TCRϒδ. Assessment of cell types identified by these antibody targets demonstrated a significant reduction of duodenal and colonic T-cells in patients with complete DiGeorge syndrome. In addition to establishing the morphologic phenotype of the luminal gastrointestinal tract of patients with DiGeorge syndrome, we also highlight our chosen technology of chromogenic multiplex IHC as a relatively accessible research and diagnostic tool with wide potential to be utilized across various disease processes.

Quantifying and reducing the cost of tagging: combining computational fluid dynamics and diving experiments to reduce impact from animal-borne tags.

Animal-borne instruments are essential research tools for ecologists and physiologists. An increasing number of studies have shown impacts of carrying a tag on behaviour and energetics, which can have implications for animal welfare and data validity. Such impacts are a result of the additional mass and/or drag loads, with the latter requiring empirical measurements or computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to estimate. To quantify and effectively minimize tag impacts from drag, a novel combined empirical and CFD approach is required. Here, we demonstrate such an approach using captive phocid seals and the widely used Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) Instrumentation Group GPS/GSM tag. We (i) show a significant change in the behaviour of grey seals when carrying a tag (gen 1; associated with 16.4% additional drag); (ii) redesigned the tag (gen 2) resulting in a lower additional drag of 8.6%; (iii) show significant differences in behaviour when carrying a gen 2 compared to gen 1 tag, demonstrating that the redesign successfully reduced impact; and (iv) observed changes in the swim speed of seals that were consistent with predictions from CFD estimates of drag. The gen 2 instrument is now commercially available. This non-trivial case study should pave the way for similar studies in other taxa and species.

Stoichiometry understanding of upper secondary students through active science learning

The goals of the study were as follows: i) to design an active science learning activity on stoichiometry for grade 10 students, ii) to evaluate the academic achievement of grade 10 students after receiving an active science learning activity on stoichiometry, and iii) to investigate the perspectives of grade 10 students regarding an active science learning activity on stoichiometry. The research utilized a sample group consisting of 41 students who were enrolled in the tenth grade during the second semester of the academic year 2022. The research tools provided participants with active science learning lessons. A test of the kids’ academic prowess as well as their thoughts on the use of hands-on scientific learning activities will be administered. The mean, the standard deviation, and a one-sample t-test were the types of statistics that were utilized in the investigation. The following is an outline of what the research found: i) the appropriateness of the active science learning activities was judged to be the highest level, ii) the academic achievement of grade 10 students after receiving the active science learning activities on stoichiometry had an average score that was higher than the criteria of 70% with a statistical significance at the .05 level; and iii) the opinions of students on the implementation of active science learning activities on stoichiometry were in the agree level.

National Fatality Review Case Reporting System: Twenty Years of Data Collection.

The National Fatality Review Case Reporting System (NFR-CRS) is a web-based data collection tool for child death review and fetal and infant mortality review teams. The NFR-CRS captures information from the multidisciplinary review, including the social and community risk factors that may have impacted the death. The NFR-CRS is a nimble data system that has evolved throughout the past 20 years. The most recent enhancements include a life stressors section focused on collecting contextual information such as racism and poverty, revised cause of death sections to better align data collected with risk factors identified in the research, and enhanced data visualizations. The NFR-CRS has improved data quality since the launch of a data quality initiative in 2015. As a result of the data quality initiative, the completeness, consistency, accuracy, and timeliness of the NFR-CRS data have improved. Limitations for the NFR-CRS include the fact that data entered are not population-based, data fields have evolved over time, and there are high percentages of missing and unknown data. Despite its limitations, the NFR-CRS remains a valuable research tool, especially when paired with other data sources.

Pharmacological Inhibition of the Spliceosome SF3b Complex by Pladienolide-B Elicits Craniofacial Developmental Defects in Mouse and Zebrafish.

Mutations in genes encoding spliceosome components result in craniofacial structural defects in humans, referred to as spliceosomopathies. The SF3b complex is a crucial unit of the spliceosome, but model organisms generated through genetic modification of the complex do not perfectly mimic the phenotype of spliceosomopathies. Since the phenotypes are suggested to be determined by the extent of spliceosome dysfunction, an alternative experimental system that can seamlessly control SF3b function is needed. To establish another experimental system for model organisms elucidating relationship between spliceosome function and human diseases, we administered Pladienolide-B (PB), a SF3b complex inhibitor, to mouse and zebrafish embryos and assessed resulting phenotypes. PB-treated mouse embryos exhibited neural tube defect and exencephaly, accompanied by apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation in the neural tube, but normal structure in the midface and jaw. PB administration to heterozygous knockout mice of Sf3b4, a gene coding for a SF3b component, influenced the formation of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs). Despite challenges in continuous PB administration and a high death rate in mice, PB was stably administered to zebrafish embryos, resulting in prolonged survival. Brain, cranial nerve, retina, midface, and jaw development were affected, mimicking spliceosomopathy phenotypes. Additionally, alterations in cell proliferation, cell death, and migration of CNCCs were detected. We demonstrated that zebrafish treated with PB exhibited phenotypes similar to those observed in human spliceosomopathies. This experimental system may serve as a valuable research tool for understanding spliceosome function and human diseases.

The Development and Validation of the Beliefs about Baby Crying at Night (BBCN) Scale

ObjectiveWhat are young children trying to express when they cry at night? According to Sadeh, parental beliefs about why their child is crying may play a role in the development and persistence of their child’s insomnia. The aim of this study was to create a scale that specifically assesses these parental interpretations in different dimensions. MethodsChildren aged between 6 months and 3 years with either good sleep habits or behavioural insomnia were recruited. An initial, 20-item scale for the beliefs of why one’s baby is crying at night was developed, with all items on a 7-point Likert span. The results of this scale from a large sample were then submitted to Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses to converge on a final version and evaluate its psychometric properties and validity. ResultsAmong the 1009 subjects included in the analyses (46.2% female, mean age : 1.63 ± 0.73, good sleepers n = 425 and bad sleepers n = 584). After the factor analysis was performed, a 14-item scale with 4 subscales quantifying each interpretation type resulted: namely, “Need for attachment” (5 items), “Need to cry before falling asleep” (3 items), “Leaving a child to cry during the night is traumatizing for the child” (4 items) and “Is in pain” (2 items). The CFA further confirmed an appropriate fit. The most divergent subscale between groups was the “Need for attachment” subscale. ConclusionThis study proposes the first scale known to focus exclusively on parent interpretations of their child’s night-time crying, without taking into account their nursing behaviours. It provides a clinical tool for more effectively discussing with parents, in order to address potential dysfunctional beliefs in the context of early childhood insomnia complaints, as well as a research tool for considering cognitive dimensions in the aetiology and treatment of behavioural insomnia.

Identification of single-cell blasts in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia using an autoencoder.

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with a poor prognosis and high relapse rate. Current challenges in the identification of immunotherapy targets arise from patient-specific blast immunophenotypes and their change during disease progression. To overcome this, we present a new computational research tool to rapidly identify malignant cells. We generated single-cell flow cytometry profiles of 21 pediatric AML patients with matched samples at diagnosis, remission, and relapse. We coupled a classifier to an autoencoder for anomaly detection and classified malignant blasts with 90% accuracy. Moreover, our method assigns a developmental stage to blasts at the single-cell level, improving current classification approaches based on differentiation of the dominant phenotype. We observed major immunophenotype and developmental stage alterations between diagnosis and relapse. Patients with KMT2A rearrangement had more profound changes in their blast immunophenotypes at relapse compared to patients with other molecular features. Our method provides new insights into the immunophenotypic composition of AML blasts in an unbiased fashion and can help to define immunotherapy targets that might improve personalized AML treatment.

AI and Research: Methods and Best Practices for Conducting Research Using AI

This video presentation provides an overview of methods and best practices for using AI in academic research, emphasizing its significance from a library perspective. It introduces key concepts, strategies, and the importance of AI literacy, incorporating a brief review of frameworks for the evaluation and use of AI technologies. This video also offers a concise summary of popular AI research tools and best practices based on select recommendations from reputable institutions and industry scholarship. The inclusion of visual and auditory elements detailing key matters pertaining to the use of AI in higher education contributes to a multimodal and diversified approach designed for a broader audience. Video formats may complement other traditional forms of publication by providing visual explanations that are intended to enhance accessibility and engagement with complex concepts in scholarly discourse.

Construction of Smart Clothing Service System for the Health and Well-Being of the Aging Community in a Sustainable Society

Objective: The phenomenon of global aging is becoming more and more severe, and security services such as nursing and guardianship for the elderly have become the focus of social attention. According to the data released by the World Health Organization, by 2030, one out of every six people will be over 60 years old. By 2050, the world population will be 2.1 billion over 60 years old, and the number of people over 80 years old will reach 460 million. This paper aims to monitor the health and services of aging clothing intelligently for the health and well-being of the aging community in a sustainable society, starting from the physiological and psychological needs of the new elderly. Theoretical Framework: In the age-appropriate smart clothing service system, the critical link is to construct the human-computer interaction mode of clothing and wearable devices, establish a design paradigm from single interaction to multi-interaction, and form a service terminal based on smart wearable. Method: This paper designs an aging smart clothing design system using field research, questionnaires, interviews, etc., analyzes the aging smart wearable clothing evaluation system, and constructs aging smart clothing that meets the actual needs of health and well-being for the elderly in a sustainable society. Results and Discussion: In this research, The results obtained sustainable design theories and methods combined with interdisciplinary research tools as the basis of data analysis from the aging intelligent clothing product design system, age-appropriate smart clothing service system, and age-appropriate smart clothing evaluation system. Research Implications: Population aging has been the basic national condition of our country for quite a long time in the future, and "healthy aging" is a strategic measure put forward by the government around the intelligent care service system for the elderly, communities, and institutions. Important direction. Among them, how to build an age-appropriate smart wearable product service system has become the main development content. Therefore, its intelligence and synergistic combination with terminals such as communities, caregivers, and hospitals will become the trend of smart elderly care. Originality/Value: This study contributes to Construct a systematic design of a new intelligent wearable clothing service system for the elderly, which is a great of significance for improving the service quality index of the health and well-being of the elderly. At the same time, it is of great value to expand and deepen the concept of sustainable design.

Students’physical fitness test in the the Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, National University of Laos

The purpose of this research was to select the physical fitness test and evaluatestudents’ physical fitness in the Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, National University of Laos. The sample group used in this research was 157 students of in the Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, 42 of whom were females, by purposive sampling method in total students in the academic year 2022-2023. The approval letter was granted by the Executive Committee of Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, National University of Laos The research tools used in the data collection process included questionnaires and statistical tests. The statistics used in the data analysis include: Mean, Standard Deviation. Findings of the study showed as follows 1). The selection results for students’ physical fitness test of students in the Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education reported a total of 10 male-female test items that were closely related with a value of R = 0.91 to 1. Therefore, all 10 test items were reliable and applicable. 2). From this study, it can be seen that the physical fitness of the male students of the Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education compared to the total score of the test of 10 items with a total score of 100 points, which could be applied with a very good score of 3.6, equivalent to 26.6 percent at the good level, 55.06 percent at the middle level, 11.38 percent at the weak level and 3.4 percent at the very weak level. The physical fitness of female students in the Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education compared to the total score of the test of 10 items with a total score of 100 points, which could be applied with a very good score of 1.9, 6.33 percent at the good level, 26.8 percent at the middle level, 63.81 percent at the weak level and 1.13 percent at the very weak level.

The Moderating Roles of Environmental Awareness and Product Knowledge on the Impact of Marketing Mix Elements on Purchase Intention

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effects of environmental awareness (EA) and product knowledge (PK) on the relationship between marketing mix elements and the purchase intention of electric vehicles (EVs) in Thailand. Based on a quantitative research design, 253 samples of Thai respondents aged 20 and above were collected via an online questionnaire as a research tool. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was used to analyze the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that all four marketing mix elements, which are product attributes, pricing strategy, distribution channels (place), and promotional activities, significantly influence the purchase intention of electric vehicles. Product attributes (b = 0.523) have the strongest impact on purchase intention, followed by pricing strategy (b = 0.501), distribution channels (place) (b = 0.477), and promotional activities (b = 0.334) respectively. The results of moderation analysis reveal that environmental awareness significantly moderates the effect of product attributes (b = 0.412) and pricing strategy (b = 0.305) on purchase intention but is not found in the relationships of distribution channels (place) and promotional activities toward purchase intention. Additionally, consumer product knowledge of EVs was found to significantly and negatively moderate only the influence of promotional activities (b = -0.343) on purchase intention. In other words, potential consumers who possess higher EV knowledge seem to be less influenced by promotional activities in their decision to buy EVs. These findings highlight the importance of integrating environmental concerns and EV product knowledge into the firm’s marketing strategies to boost EV adoption in emerging countries. The implications and recommendations will be discussed in the paper.

아동기 대인 간 외상경험이 성인의 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study was to determine the effect of interpersonal trauma experience in childhood on post-traumatic growth in adults. Methods 266 adult men and women aged 20 to 59 in Korea were surveyed and analyzed through an Internet questionnaire. The research tool was the Korean version of childhood trauma. It was a questionnaire (Eun-jung Kim, Jin-sook Kim, 2010) and a post-traumatic growth scale (Si-hyung Kim et al., 2020). For the data, skewness and kurtosis were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program to confirm whether the assumption of normality was satisfied, and correlation analysis and t-test for differences between major variables, One-way analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analysis were performed. Results First, as a result of verifying the difference in post-traumatic growth according to the background variable, men were significantly higher than women in all post-traumatic growth according to gender. According to marital status, married people were significantly higher than unmarried. Depending on the age, those in their 50s were significantly higher than those in their 40s, 30s, and 20s. In addition, the difference in overall post-traumatic growth was significant according to the type of interpersonal trauma experience in childhood, sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, double abuse, and emotional abuse appeared in order. In addition, there was no difference in the factors of trauma perpetrator between trauma period, caregiver, and childhood interpersonal relations. Second, as a result of the correlation analysis of the main variables, it was found that there was no significant correlation between the entire childhood trauma and the entire post-traumatic growth. However, among the sub-factors, emotional neglect and post-traumatic growth were negatively correlated, and sexual abuse and physical abuse were positively correlated with post-traumatic growth. In other words, the higher the emotional neglect, the lower the post-traumatic growth, and the higher the sexual and physical abuse, the higher the post-traumatic growth. Third, it was found that interpersonal trauma experience in childhood had a significant effect on post-traumatic growth. Emotional abuse during childhood trauma was static and emotional neglect was negative. It was found to have an effect. In other words, the higher the emotional abuse among childhood trauma experiences, the more post-traumatic growth. It can be interpreted that the higher the emotional neglect, the lower the likelihood of post-traumatic growth. Conclusions The results suggest that lowering emotional neglect is effective to increase post-traumatic growth.

Original Research Article Analysis of Factors Influencing the Incidence of Dysmenorrhea

Globally, the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in women is still high. Dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls that is not treated can interfere with daily activities and learning activities. Therefore, adolescents need to learn and understand the factors that affect dysmenorrhea. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the incidence of dysmenorrhea. This study was case control in design. The study included 300 participants, 120 of whom were selected using the purposive sampling technique from among the adolescent girls in the Muzamzamah Chosyi'ah Dormitory of Darul 'Ulum Islamic Boarding School. A questionnaire was employed as the research tool. At a significance level of α <0.05, the data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. The results of the analysis test showed that there was no effect of menarche age and the number of menstrual flow on the incidence of dysmenorrhea (p>0.05). The incidence of dysmenorrhea was influenced (p<0.05) by the menstrual cycle, duration of menstruation, family history, and BMI. The dominant factor influencing the incidence of dysmenorrhea was family history (p=0.000; Exp(B): 129.98). Family history of dysmenorrhea has a greater potential for the occurrence of dysmenorrhea because it is related to genetic factors that pass on traits to their offspring. It is recommended to adopt a healthy lifestyle such as exercising regularly, fulfilling balanced nutritional needs, and maintaining ideal body weight.