Leak Detection Tool Research Articles

Design of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Leak Detection Tool with Buzazer nd Telegram based on IOT

Design of Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) Leak Detection Tool with Buzazer nd Telegram based on IOT

Experimental Study to Visualize a Methane Leak of 0.25 mL/min by Direct Absorption Spectroscopy and Mid-Infrared Imaging

Tunable laser spectroscopy (TLS) with infrared (IR) imaging is a powerful tool for gas leak detection. This study focuses on direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) that utilizes wavelength modulation to extract gas information. A tunable interband cascade laser (ICL) with an optical power of 5 mW is periodically modulated by a sawtooth injection current at 10 Hz across the methane absorption around 3271 nm. A fast and sensitive thermal imaging camera for the mid-infrared range between 3 and 5.7 µm is operated at a frame rate of 470 Hz. Offline processing of image stacks is performed using different algorithms (DAS-F, DAS-f and DAS-2f) based on the Lambert–Beer law and the HITRAN database. These algorithms analyze various features of gas absorption, such as area (F), peak (f) and second derivative (2f) of the absorbance. The methane concentration in ppm*m is determined on a pixel-by-pixel analysis without calibration. Leak localization for methane leak rates as low as 0.25 mL/min is accurately displayed in a single concentration image with pixelwise sensitivities of approximately 1 ppm*m in a laboratory environment. Concentration image sequences represent the spatiotemporal dynamics of a gas plume with high contrast. The DAS-2f concept demonstrates promising characteristics, including accuracy, precision, 1/f noise rejection, simplicity and computational efficiency, expanding the applications of DAS.

MWIRGas-YOLO: Gas Leakage Detection Based on Mid-Wave Infrared Imaging.

The integration of visual algorithms with infrared imaging technology has become an effective tool for industrial gas leak detection. However, existing research has mostly focused on simple scenarios where a gas plume is clearly visible, with limited studies on detecting gas in complex scenes where target contours are blurred and contrast is low. This paper uses a cooled mid-wave infrared (MWIR) system to provide high sensitivity and fast response imaging and proposes the MWIRGas-YOLO network for detecting gas leaks in mid-wave infrared imaging. This network effectively detects low-contrast gas leakage and segments the gas plume within the scene. In MWIRGas-YOLO, it utilizes the global attention mechanism (GAM) to fully focus on gas plume targets during feature fusion, adds a small target detection layer to enhance information on small-sized targets, and employs transfer learning of similar features from visible light smoke to provide the model with prior knowledge of infrared gas features. Using a cooled mid-wave infrared imager to collect gas leak images, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the performance over the original model. The segment mean average precision reached 96.1% (mAP50) and 47.6% (mAP50:95), respectively, outperforming the other mainstream algorithms. This can provide an effective reference for research on infrared imaging for gas leak detection.

Pengembangan Alat Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas LPG Menggunakan Sensor Mq-2 Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Dini Terhadap Risiko Kebakaran

This research aims to find out how to design a security system that has a role as an LPG gas leak detection tool which is able to detect the presence of polluted gas in the surrounding air which can cause fires using a device, namely the mq-2 sensor and to find out how the gas leak detection tool works. the LPG. In preparing this research, the methodology used was ADDIE which is a development model that focuses on the suitability of the product being designed with the approach used. This research was carried out by carrying out several stages, including the analysis stage, namely analyzing the background and benefits of product development, design is the activity of making a product design, development is the stage of making a product according to the design that has been made, implementation is the application of a product that has been made, evaluation is the stage carried out to evaluate products that have been developed. The way this tool works is by detecting indications of polluted gas in the surrounding air, then the sensor sends a signal to the buzzer to provide a warning in the form of a sound produced by the buzzer.

Novel differential pumping system with extended sampling range: Design and application in the EAST tokamak

A novel differential pumping system (DPS) with an adjustable sampling rate has been developed and implemented in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). This system is equipped with a high-resolution quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), covering a mass range of 1–16 atomic mass units (AMU), alongside a conventional QMS with a broader range of 1–200 AMU. The DPS features a dynamic pressure sampling capability from 10−2 to 105 Pa, utilizing a gas dosing valve and an angle valve, enabling a wide gas sampling ratio range of 10−9 to 3 × 10−2. The high-resolution QMS (QMG700) is adept at directly quantifying the partial pressures of deuterium and helium within mixtures, while the conventional QMS (RGA200) offers indirect measurement of D2 partial pressures above 2 × 10−5 Pa, complemented by direct wide-range mass analysis. During the EAST tokamak campaigns of 2023 and 2024, the DPS was effectively utilized for glow discharge cleaning (GDC) at a pressure of 3 Pa and ion cyclotron wall conditioning (ICWC) at approximately 3 × 10−3 Pa, accurately distinguishing deuterium pressure from the helium environment in the wide pressure range of vacuum vessel. Moreover, the DPS was successfully employed to trace the vacuum leak location in EAST campaign with a pressure of up to hundreds Pa. This DPS is a key tool for gas ingredient analysis and leak detection in the EAST campaigns, providing a valuable reference for the vacuum operation of future fusion reactors.

Design of Arduino-based LPG Gas Leak Detection Tool using MQ-6 Sensor

LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is a natural resource that has increased yearly consumption. LPG gas is used almost every time for human life in the household and industry sectors. LPG gas, besides being cheap, is also easier to use. However, the increasing use of LPG gas also increases the risk of fire or gas collection caused by LPG gas leaks. Therefore, a tool is needed to detect LPG gas leaks. So an LPG gas leak detector was made using the MQ-6 sensor, which can detect LPG gas leaks, and using a blower fan to overcome the collection of gas levels around LPG gas cylinders, using a buzzer as an alarm, using a servo to turn off the electricity so that an explosion does not occur, and use spray foam to spray onto the tube and stove if the blower cannot handle the LPG gas leak. Overall, the design components are controlled by Arduino Uno R3. This testing process takes an average of 9.56 seconds. If it is less than 9.56 seconds, then only one action is enough: the blower fan, active buzzer, and pump 1. If it is more than 9.56 seconds, the second action will be continued: spraying foam and turning off the electricity. On the other hand, there is an opportunity to bring this tool to commercial. Many households need this tool to save their house from fire threats. Finally, this tool can be a development tool for solving an incident from gas and will be a best-selling tool.

Pengembangan Alat Pendeteksi Kebocoran Liquefied Petroleum Gas dengan Metode Research and Development

Indonesian people already use LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) as the main fuel. LPG has a weakness in the material used is very flammable in air. LPG safety devices are currently ineffective because we cannot know the condition of LPG when we are not at home. The Research and Development method is able to produce and develop products that already exist today and have a high validity value, because they have passed various series of trials. This study develops an LPG leak detector using research and development methods. The result of this study is that the LPG leak detection tool has a call gateway notification feature on two user mobile numbers that have been setup on the microcontroller and have been tested using gas from matches and smoke. The limited test obtained an average score of 80 and is included in the good category, while the wider trial of the developed tool has proven to be more effective than the manual tool currently used. This gas leak detection tool is expected to be able to make it easier for the public to get early notification when an LPG leak occurs and immediately take preventive actions to prevent fires.

Android Based Spark and Gas Leak Detection and Monitoring

LPG cylinder leakage is one of the causes of fires in the community. To prevent fires, a fire and gas leak detection and monitoring device were made using a fire detector sensor and an Android-based MQ-6 to trigger it. Data collection techniques in the manufacture of gas and fire leak detection using a flame detector and the MQ-6 sensor can be obtained from datasheets, journals, books and articles, and several internet sites that support the manufacture of this device. In the manufacture of gas leak detection devices or tools, there are also two parts, namely the first to make hardware (hardware), then software (software). The result of this tool detection is that users can find out the level of LPG due to leaking of LPG cylinders and detect fire using Android notifications in real-time and the data is displayed in detail on the browser page. The conclusion of this study is that users are safer because there is a gas leak, the tool will detect LPG gas, then a message will be displayed on the LCD screen and a notification on Android and the buzzer will automatically turn on. If there is a fire from detecting the gas leak, the fire detector will detect the fire, which will result in a notification sent to Android that there is a fire and the buzzer will turn on

Internet of Things-based Gas Leak Detection with Alerts Via SMS and Blynk App

Gas cylinders are one of the needs that humans use every day. The use of gas cylinders is often used for cooking, both for household needs and industrial needs. Gas leaks are a big problem that can give rise to explosions and fires due to combustible gas. Explosions and fires that occur as a result of this gas leak can cause a lot of losses. This study aims to build an Internet of Things-based gas leak detection tool using NodeMCU ESP8266 as a microcontroller that functions as a brain to execute commands that have been made. Blynk App and SMS to provide information to users in case of gas leaks detected by MQ-6 sensors. This tool will detect gas leaks that occur by receiving data from the MQ-6 sensor which is then processed by NodeMCU ESP8266. If a gas leak is detected, the buzzer will sound and the tool will give an alert by popping up a notification on the Blynk application with an internet connection and sending an alert via SMS so that the alert can be sent even in the absence of an internet connection. With this tool, users can find out earlier if there is a gas leak by getting a notification on the Blynk application and receiving a gas leak SMS, to avoid explosions and minimize damage and losses caused by gas leaks.

Evaluating satellite and in situ monitoring technologies for leak detection and response

AbstractThe California Energy Commission funded a study to evaluate two technologies to assess their usefulness as an early leak detection tool for alerting field teams and to better understand the impact on energy savings through managing water loss. Specifically, the latest in advanced correlating continuous acoustic monitoring and satellite imagery leak detection technologies were examined over a period of 12 months in the Duarte system of California with 4.9 mgd production capacity and representing several pressure zones in the service area. A key conclusion was that both technologies improved the effectiveness of locating subsurface leaks that would have been invisible to the casual observer, and both were potential candidates for future applications. When implemented together in this study, the two technologies found leaks that would have resulted in between 57–170 mil gal of lost water during the study period. This equates to 140–419 MWh of energy savings in California, amounting to cost savings of at least $100,000 for the Duarte system alone during the 12‐month study period.

A convolutional neural network for pipe crack and leak detection in smart water network

The implementation of a smart water network (SWN) is viewed as a strategic approach to address many challenges faced by water utilities, such as pipe leak detection and main break prevention. This paper develops a convolutional neural network (CNN)–based model to classify acoustic wave files collected by the South Australian Water Corporation’s (SA Water’s) SWN over the city of Adelaide. The VGGish model (VGG refers to the team who developed the model—Visual Geometry Group) is selected as a suitable transfer learning model to extract features from wave files. The CNN model classifies an acoustic wave file as an anomaly or other background or environmental noise. Identification of a wave file as an anomaly triggers a Siamese CNN model to determine whether it is related to a regular/irregular scheduled event (for example, irrigation system near public parks or water consumption by large buildings). A field investigation is initiated if a wave file is classified as an anomaly and it is not related to a scheduled event. The developed models have been validated using data that is recorded by SWN in Adelaide. This validation data set comprises 1098 wave files, which are recorded by 34 accelerometers and are associated with 32 known leaks. The validation results shown that accuracy of alarms generated by the developed models is 92.44%. The validations confirm the developed models as an effective tool for water pipeline leak and crack detection, which, in turn, enables proactive management of the pipeline assets.

An Encrypted File Detection Algorithm

Despite the availability of data leak detection and prevention tools, there are currently a growing number of confidential data leaks through the fault of insiders. One of the possible data leak channels is encrypted or compressed data transfer, because the existing data leak detection tools use content data analysis methods. This article presents an algorithm of detecting encrypted and compressed data that is based on the statistical model of pseudo-random sequences and allows detecting encrypted and compressed data to an accuracy of 0.99.

MQ-2 Gas Sensor using Micro Controller Arduino Uno for LPG Leakage with Short Message Service as a Media Information

This research was to detect leakage of liquified petroleum gas (LPG) gas automatically. Design of this device consists of a gas detection sensors LPG MQ-2, which serves to detect the levels of LPG in the air, the sensor signal analog is converted to digital by the ADC and processed by a microcontroller Arduino Uno to command activation of the buzzer and SMS (short message service), sensor system is also capable of displaying a LPG gas concentration detected by the LCD in ppm. The study was conducted at three different space conditions of the open, semi-open and closed, based on the distance detection and characterization. The analysis of the data obtained, that the tool to work optimally at a distance of 3 cm closer to the source of the leak tool then the maximum LPG gas leak detection tools. Based on the characterization of the sensor that is an accuracy of 1 V to 2.6 V and repeatability error of the three conditions of the room is < 10%, so that the tool is expected to cope with and anticipate the risk of accidents due to leakage of LPG gas early and real time.

Integrated Approach to Well-Leak Diagnostics Meets Success Offshore Timor Sea

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 19448, “An Integrated Approach to Well-Leak Diagnostics: Case Study of the Successful Application of the Latest Leak-Detection Technology and Interpretation Offshore Timor Sea, South East Asia,” by Andrew Imrie, SPE, Brendon Negenman, Chung Yee Lee, Mahadevan S. Iyer, Sarvagya Parashar, SPE, and Mohamed Raouf Shata, SPE, Halliburton, and Sean Helton, SPE, ConocoPhillips, prepared for the 2019 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Beijing, 26–28 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2019 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. The identification of low-rate leaks along with low annular-pressure buildup rates in any type of completion presents challenges to well integrity. This paper emphasizes the importance of understanding well-diagnostic problems to determine feasibility, isolate interest zones, enhance stimulation strategies, and optimize the acquisition of high-resolution acoustical data from the wellbore with a new leak-detection tool. This case study discusses the methodology that underlies the successful determination of the depths and the radial locations in the outer casing strings of multiple leaks in an offshore well. Introduction The studied well in the Timor Sea offshore Australia was completed as a horizontal gas producer in 2010. The well featured a single packer completion with 7-in./9 5/8-in. tubing and a horizontal lower completion with a swell packer and pre-perforated 5-in. liner. The well contained a production casing (133/8 in.) with an A/B annulus (7-in./9 5/8-in. tubing×13 3/8-in. casing and 11¾-in./9 5/8-in. liners) and surface casing (20 in.) with a C annulus (13 3/8×20 in.). In late 2016, the pressure of the A/B annulus was observed to have decreased from 10 to 0 barg over a 4-month period, having previously been stable at 10 barg for 1 year. Multiple attempts were made without success to restore pressure by topping up the A/B annulus with inhibited water. In October 2017, the pressure of the A/B annulus was observed to have a slight vacuum effect of –20 kPa. Diagnostic testing was performed to confirm the issue. The A/B annulus was topped off with 46 m3 of inhibited brine. While filling the last 4 m3, with the A/B annulus confirmed full, the pressure plateaued at 4.25 barg while it continued to pump at 145 L/min, which confirmed a potential leak in the A/B annulus. After the pump was shut down, the A/B annulus pressure stabilized at 3.32 barg, and the fluid levels remained full. The A/B annulus pressure, with the well on line, steadily increased to only 4.2 barg, further confirming the presence of a leak. In December 2017, a well-integrity logging suite, consisting of an advanced array leak-detection tool and conventional production logging sensors, was conveyed on wireline to determine the A/B annulus leak location. The decision would be made to suspend the well on the basis of the logging results.

Intelligent LPG Gas Leak Detection Tool with SMS Notification

Gas is a molecule that is not bound, formless, invisible and can turn into search or solid at certain temperature pressures. LPG gas is one of the needs for industry and household needs, namely for cooking. LPG gas in Indonesia is the cause of many fires, a factor that often causes LPG gas fires is a damaged gas regulator. Therefore prevention and security are needed to minimize fires. Seeing this and given the technological developments, an intelligent Arduino-based device was created that was able to overcome this problem. This tool is equipped with MQ-2, SIM800L, and buzzer gas sensors. In an embedded device the system that can convert input data received from the sensor Mq-2 sensor works to detect propane and butane gas, then the system will send the actual data in the form of short messages (SMS) to the mobile number that has been registered into the system. Besides being able to send SMS the system also emits a sound that is generated from the buzzer

Autocorrelation Analysis of Vibro-Acoustic Signals Measured in a Test Field for Water Leak Detection

Reducing losses in water distribution networks is a worldwide challenge and all utilities are developing proper strategies for the active control of leaks. Temporary or permanent grids of units for the continuous monitoring of pipelines through vibro-acoustic measurements are probably the most commonly adopted leak detection systems. Such systems generally rely on the definition of proper thresholds to detect increments in the vibration levels associated with leaks. Since the thresholds are strongly dependent on the local boundary conditions of the monitored network, the initial setup is costly and time consuming, and the risk of undetected leaks or false alarms increases. This work aims to investigate leak detection methods based on the inherent properties of the measured signals instead of their relative amplitude. In particular, the possibility of detecting water leaks in small-diameter plastic pipes by analyzing the autocorrelation function of vibro-acoustic signals is assessed. An experimental campaign is conducted in a full-scale test facility that simulates the actual network. The measurements concerning artificially generated leaks are attained by two accelerometers and one hydrophone. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which is therefore proven as a promising tool for leak detection.

Reliability of Infrared Thermography in Detecting Leaks in Buried Water Reticulation Pipes

The failure of pipelines in water distribution networks results in a significant volume of pristine quality water being lost. Failing infrastructure is often identified through different condition monitoring methods and then maintained. Increasing pressures on a rapidly growing water supply network call for more efficient leak detection techniques. Infrared (IR) thermography has received little attention in the literature, with little effort spent on understanding and assessing its feasibility, pertaining to the detection of buried pipe leaks. The present study develops and tests a passive leak detection methodology using IR thermography (informed by scientific literature) for small diameter buried reticulation pipes. The method was assessed in the field at 27 sites comprising water leaks beneath soil and grass nature strips. Results showed that the passive leak detection method by means of IR thermography was able to clearly identify 59% of leaks, with an additional 22% of sites having notable, yet inconclusive, thermal signatures. Based on image interpretation of field data, the authors propose a set of four types of surface thermal signatures likely to be detected from leaking water reticulation pipes, and a conceptual representation of subsurface processes that would produce these signatures. The study creates opportunities for improving the practicality of IR thermography as a leak detection tool and its combination with other techniques for better automation and data fusion.

Light-Weight, Inter-Procedural and Callback-Aware Resource Leak Detection for Android Apps

Android devices include many embedded resources such as Camera, Media Player and Sensors. These resources require programmers to explicitly request and release them. Missing release operations might cause serious problems such as performance degradation or system crash. This kind of defects is called resource leak . Despite a large body of existing works on testing and analyzing Android apps, there still remain several challenging problems. In this work, we present Relda2, a light-weight and precise static resource leak detection tool. We first systematically collected a resource table, which includes the resources that the Android reference requires developers release manually. Based on this table, we designed a general approach to automatically detect resource leaks. To make a more precise inter-procedural analysis, we construct a Function Call Graph for each Android application, which handles function calls of user-defined methods and the callbacks invoked by the Android framework at the same time. To evaluate Relda2's effectiveness and practical applicability, we downloaded 103 apps from popular app stores and an open source community, and found 67 real resource leaks, which we have confirmed manually.

A Model-Free Diagnosis Approach for Intake Leakage Detection and Characterization in Diesel Engines

Feature selection is an essential step for data classification used in fault detection and diagnosis processes. In this work, a new approach is proposed, which combines a feature selection algorithm and a neural network tool for leak detection and characterization tasks in diesel engine air paths. The Chi square classifier is used as the feature selection algorithm and the neural network based on Levenberg-Marquardt is used in system behavior modeling. The obtained neural network is used for leak detection and characterization. The model is learned and validated using data generated by xMOD. This tool is used again for testing. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated in simulation when the system operates on a low speed/load and the considered leak affecting the air path is very small.

Novel Online Digital Video and High-Speed Data Broadcasting via Standard Coaxial Cable Onboard Marine Operating Vessels

AbstractA recently developed deep-sea telemetry (DST), based on the digital subscriber line technology, has been successfully used to equip various remotely operated underwater devices with online video control, high-speed data transmission, and power supply via standard coaxial cables with a length of up to 8,000 m. The system has been applied to study and sample the extreme saline and high-temperature conditions of the Red Sea brines and to detect gas emissions at abandoned wells in the North Sea. In both applications, it has been integrated into a water sampler rosette, providing live video streaming and internal recording from commercial high-definition and analog cameras as well as simultaneous data transmission from a suite of sensors to record and sample the distribution of dissolved gases (e.g., methane and CO2) and oceanographic parameters. This combination makes an ideal survey and monitoring tool for leak detection even in harsh subsea environments. The DST has also been used to deploy landers at selected spots at the seafloor. In combination with remotely operated vehicle (ROV) deployments, this technique can be used to increase significantly the efficiency of ROV bottom time during deep-water operations. The high quality of the video transmission, ease of operation, and versatile application make this novel system superior to existing conventional analog transmission systems.