Tool For Economic Development Research Articles

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РИСКОВ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОЕКТОВ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА

The modern economy is in a state of unstable, turbulent development. This is caused by a series of macroeconomic shocks (Covid-19 pandemic; anti-Russian sanctions) in recent years. As a result, there is a weakening of economic security at the regional and national levels. It is necessary to expand the range of tools to ensure this. One such tool is public-private partnership (PPP). Traditionally, partnerships are not considered in the context of ensuring economic security. They act as a tool for economic development and satisfaction of socially significant needs. The author's study proposes two approaches to considering PPP in the context of economic security. On the one hand, the implementation of PPP projects stabilizes the economy, i.e. contributes to ensuring economic security. On the other hand, when implementing PPP projects, all stakeholders have to face economic security risks. The author has proposed a 3D model that allows for the assessment and monitoring of such risks. Clear and understandable visualization of risks in the model leads to simplification of decision-making procedures for managing PPP economic security risks.

A Review-Library Study of Entrepreneurship Opportunities and Challenges

Today, entrepreneur is referred to as tool for depriving people and identifying opportunities as the heart and initiator of entrepreneurship. This article gives a general introduction of entrepreneurship, opportunities and basic challenges in entrepreneurship, and full knowledge and proper use of entrepreneurial opportunities, a tool for economic growth and development, have been proposed. This research has been done by review-library method and citing articles. In the studies about entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs, the question is, what are the opportunities and challenges of entrepreneurship? The findings of the research show the basic opportunities and challenges of entrepreneurship, which include: the existence of abundant human resources, the support of the government and the existence of abundant natural capital opportunities, the absence of specialized human resources, the theoretical nature of the scientific content of educational institutions, and the course of superficial evolution of scientific institutions challenges

The Role of Ecotourism in Promoting Sustainable Economic Development in Indonesia

This study investigates the role of ecotourism in fostering sustainable economic development in Indonesia, a country renowned for its rich biodiversity and unique cultural heritage. With the dual challenges of preserving its natural environment and promoting economic growth, Indonesia presents a compelling case for the potential benefits of ecotourism. The research aims to elucidate how ecotourism can serve as a sustainable development strategy that benefits both the environment and the economy. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews and case studies from various Indonesian ecotourism sites. This methodology enables a comprehensive examination of ecotourism’s economic, environmental, and social impacts. The analysis focuses on key indicators such as income generation, job creation, environmental conservation efforts, and community involvement in ecotourism projects. Findings reveal that ecotourism significantly contributes to local economies, particularly in rural and remote areas, by providing sustainable livelihoods, enhancing local capacity, and fostering entrepreneurship. Additionally, ecotourism initiatives have been instrumental in promoting environmental conservation through community-based projects, wildlife protection, and habitat preservation efforts. Importantly, the study highlights the critical role of policy frameworks and stakeholder collaboration in maximizing the benefits of ecotourism. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to the understanding of ecotourism as a viable tool for sustainable economic development in developing countries, with Indonesia serving as a model. It offers valuable insights for policymakers, tourism developers, and conservationists seeking to balance economic development with environmental sustainability. By highlighting successful practices and identifying challenges, this study provides a roadmap for optimizing the benefits of ecotourism in Indonesia and similar contexts globally.

Problems and Challenges of Small Scale Businesses as Tools for Economic Growth and Development in Nsukka Urban

Problems and Challenges of Small Scale Businesses as Tools for Economic Growth and Development in Nsukka Urban

Rural credit distribution in Bahia in 2017

Rural credit is an important tool for the country's economic development, and its objective is to promote rural development and increase agricultural production. However, credit distribution is uneven, favoring some regions over others. In Bahia it is no different. The objective of the present work is to evaluate and measure the distribution of rural credit in Bahia – the largest agricultural producer in the Northeast region – from the year of 2017. For this, tabular analysis, the entropy index and Theil's T and L indexes were used, as well as the redundancy index to measure the distribution of rural credit with the gross value of production as a productive counterpart. The results of the tabular analysis showed that there is a concentration of credit among the mesoregions of Bahia, an aspect that is less intense when verified by the T and L indices. When analyzing the distribution of credit and its productive counterpart, there was no concentration of credit distribution in the mesoregions bahians.

Research on NVIDIA's Success and Socioeconomic Perspective

As the world's leading semiconductor company, NVIDIA continues to expand its marketing power through technological innovation, while its products also provide directions and tools for global social and economic development. This article explores the reasons for NVIDIA's success as a leader in the semiconductor industry and its impact on the socio-economic system from a socio-economic perspective. This article analyzes NVIDIA's characteristics in technological innovation, market orientation, sustainable development, social responsibility, etc. from a socio-economic perspective, and demonstrates the reasons for NVIDIA's success. Discuss NVIDIA's positive impact on the social economy from the aspects of innovation, employment, and sustainable development. In addition, as a technology company, NVIDIA faces challenges related to technological innovation and market risks. In response to the expected risks and challenges, NVIDIA needs to continuously complete self-innovation and optimization. While flexibly responding to market changes, it needs to adjust its operating strategy and business model according to the current situation of the market.

Comparing shopping communities by statistical methods

The shopping community is a widely popular form of shopping in Hungary in the second decade of the 21st century. While the literature identifies the shopping community as an element of the short supply chain, shopping communities present themselves as a "link", a form of shopping, a tool for local economic development, among other things. Based on the number of products offered in the shopping communities by product group, the shopping communities with webshops were compared using Kendall's concordance coefficient. My aim was to visualise the relative offerings of the shopping communities. The shopping community with the highest number of products ranked by product group was given the highest ranking. Using the various rankings, the ranking of the overall offerings of the shopping communities was determined by applying Kendall's concordance coefficient.

Busan's Paradiplomacy: Aspiring to be the World's Premier Film City

This study explored the image transformation of Busan, South Korea, from an industrial hub to a globally recognized City of Film. By employing a paradiplomacy framework, the research examined how Busan utilized BIFF as both a cultural event and a strategic tool for international diplomacy, economic development, and city branding. This qualitative research focused on gathering data largely through a comprehensive evaluation of scientific literature, including books and papers relevant to the case study. The analyses delved into the evolution of the BIFF event and its significant role in rebranding Busan from a declining industrial city to the first "City of Film" in Asia, a title bestowed by UNESCO. The study highlighted how the festival had successfully stimulated local economic growth, bolstered creative industries, and facilitated cultural exchange. The result demonstrated that BIFF had been pivotal in repositioning Busan as a significant player in the international film industry and a vibrant cultural destination. In conclusion, Busan's status as Asia's "City of Film" should be sustained, and the ongoing significance of integrating cultural initiatives with wider urban development strategies should also be emphasized.

Methodological Approaches Towards the Use of Inclusive Tourism as a Tool of Economic Development of Russian Federation

Introduction. The development of inclusive tourism should contribute not only to the higher accessibility of tourism services for people with specific needs, but also to development of the tourism industry in general as well as to development of national economy. However, in the existing literature the problems of development of inclusive tourism are often separated from problems of development of national economic development. The goal of the paper is to propose approaches for implementation of the potential of inclusive tourism to foster the growth of the national economy. Methods. The research is based on the general method of analysis and synthesis. From the theoretical point of view the research uses the ecosystem approach. Table methods are used to present the results of the research. Results. We demonstrate that the use of the potential of the inclusive tourism for the national economy requires inclusion of people with specific needs in the processes of value creation within the tourism industry development of new destinations, absence of opposition between different groups of customers of tourism services and ecosystem approach towards relations management between stakeholders of the tourism industry. The concept of a continuum of customers of tourism services based on the criterion of specific needs is proposed. Conclusion. Inclusive tourism should not be seen as opposed to traditional tourism. In addition, the inclusive tourism should not be viewed as exclusively socially oriented activity. The strategy of development of inclusive tourism should be built on the idea of considering it as an integral part of the tourism industry as a whole.

Trade finance evolution: a comparative study of regulatory reforms in factoring policies for SMEs in India and China

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the Factoring Regulation (Amendment) Bill 2021 in stabilizing the economic situation of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in India using doctrinal research methods and comparative study. It compared the factoring regulations of India and China. The authors analyse the ramifications of the recent amendments to the Factoring law via a comprehensive literature review, legal frameworks, and comparative analysis of India and China. This study seeks to cast light on the potential of the Factoring Law in addressing the financial challenges encountered by SMEs in India. The findings provide policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers with vital insights into the regulatory framework's effectiveness and potential improvement areas. The research concluded that factoring is an important worldwide trade financing tool for economic development and financial inclusion since it promotes entrepreneurship, private enterprise, and supply chain finance. In order to raise its standing, India may consider adopting features from the Chinese Civil Code, setting regulations for factoring rights transfer, and prioritising creditor interests.

The Impact of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth: ARDL Approach

This study investigates the impact of financial inclusion on economic growth in Jordan from 2000 to 2021. Employing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, we examined the temporal relationship between financial inclusion indicators and economic growth. Our analysis reveals a bidirectional causality, indicating that financial inclusion not only propels economic growth but is also bolstered by it. The findings challenge the initial hypothesis of a unidirectional relationship, suggesting a more intricate interaction between financial inclusion and economic prosperity in emerging economies. The Granger causality test results significantly support the notion of mutual reinforcement between these variables. This study contributes to the empirical literature by highlighting the symbiotic relationship within the Jordanian context and suggests that enhancing financial inclusion can be a strategic tool for sustainable economic development. The research also underscores the need for considering environmental implications and the burgeoning digital financial services sector in future policy-making. Suggested future research includes comparative regional studies, incorporation of qualitative methods, and exploration of the environmental impacts of financial inclusion. The study’s conclusions are instrumental for policymakers and stakeholders in crafting informed strategies to leverage financial inclusion for economic growth.

Agricultural Development in Kuzbass in 1981–1985

The article describes the agricultural sector of the Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass). The author used it as an example to identify the main stages of agricultural development of Western Siberia in 1981–1985. The study relied on the theory of modernization, which links economic and political changes with agricultural reforms. According to archival documents and regional statistics, the new tools of economic development and the favorable investment climate allowed the industry to overcome the agrarian crisis in the early 1980s, improve the state of affairs on collective and state farms, and increase the agricultural production. The new measures included producing for profit, labor contracts, and elements of land lease as the economic independence of agricultural enterprises continued to grow. The regional agricultural sector developed much faster in the 1980s than in the late 1970s. However, non-production costs, crop waste, and cattle mortality remained high while irrational utilization of state resources was quite common. In general, Kuzbass showed average agricultural indicators for the West Siberian economic region.

Economic Empowerment Of Ummah Through Sharia Fintech:Literature Review

Fintech Syariah is an innovation that has the potential to strengthen the Islamic economy by providing more inclusive and syariah-compliant access to financial services. This article provides comprehensive literature on how Islamic finance technology benefits Muslim economies. Using a variety of literary analyses, this article explains how Fintech Syariah may increase access to money, provide innovative solutions for social and economic problems, and reduce the risk associated with financial inception. We also outline the necessary regulatory measures that must be taken to ensure that Islamic economic principles are adhered to in Fintech. The current study provides insight into how Fintech Syariah may become a significant tool for Muslim economic development, with implications that are particularly significant for the growth of the Islamic economy in the current digital era.

Environmental Regulation based on the Best Available Technologies: Problems and Trends

The article analyzes the main problems of the transition of the Russian economy to a new environmental and technological regulation based on the best available technologies (BAT). In recent years, the principle of BAT as a promising innovative tool for environmental and economic development has been declared as a key approach that can ensure the activation of structural and technological transformations of the Russian economy. Based on the main conditions, the observance of which largely ensures the success of the practical implementation of the BAT approach in developed countries, the author singled out current trends in changes in environmental regulation instruments in Russia that are taking shape to date and will influence the formation of the environmental situation, at least in the medium term. . Among such tendencies, we analyzed, in particular, the introduction of a moratorium on environmental control (freezing planned inspections of an enterprise for several years in advance); shift or suspension of implementation of a number of federal environmental projects and a number of environmental laws adopted in recent years in the context of BAT; as well as a number of environmental requirements as part of the implementation of the BAT approach, etc. The directions for changing environmental policy instruments in the light of the proposed solutions in connection with sanctions and their possible consequences for the environment are considered. The proposed recommendations can be used in the development of key elements of the environmental management mechanism.

Local Government: Effective Tool for Socio-Political and Economic Development in the South-East

Local Government: Effective Tool for Socio-Political and Economic Development in the South-East

CONTRIBUTION OF INDONESIAN NATIONAL STANDARD (SNI) ON GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTS (GDP)

<p>Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the number of goods and services produced by a country in a certain period as a measuring tool for a country's economic development. GDP comprises many factors, including national household consumption, investment, state consumption, exports, and imports. Standards are inherent in goods and services produced, consumed, and nationally and internationally traded. This study aims to determine the effect of standards on GDP. The method used is econometrics through case studies in Indonesia by considering the independent factors, namely fixed capital, number of workers, patents, and Indonesian National Standard (SNI), while the dependent factor is GDP. The results showed that a 1% percent increase in SNI, patents, fixed capital, and labor could increase Indonesia's GDP by 0.3%, 0.08%, 0.04%, and 0.4 %, with alpha 5% from 1998 to 2017, respectively. With an average SNI growth of 5.43%, the contribution of SNI is 1.63% year to the average GDP growth. In monetary terms, a 1% increase in total SNI in 2017 increased to about 5.9 trillion in GDP.</p><div> </div>

Warmer and wetter: Outlining climate services for snow-dependent tourism in Norway – The case of Lofoten

Human-induced climate change potentially impacts nature-based activities in Lofoten and may limit the attractiveness of the destination for tourists seeking recreation and adventure in the mountains. As a climate service, we calculated climate indicators relevant to the tourism sector based on the representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 until 2060. We used high-resolution gridded climate data and projections to calculate indicators such as changes in the frequency and intensity of consecutive wet days, changes in precipitation type (snow, sleet, rain), changes in the number of skiing days on ungroomed, natural snow, and changes of the monthly 0 °C-isoline. We found a minor, but non-robust increase in the number of consecutive wet days with a precipitation intensity > 8 mm/day, and a clear change in the precipitation regime depending on altitude that leads to more precipitation falling as rain instead of snow. Also, a strong decrease in the number of skiing days is projected by the climate models as the monthly near-surface 0 °C-isoline increases. These are important findings for long-term planning and investments in the tourism sector in Lofoten, especially as tourism growth is considered an important tool for regional economic development. The analytical methods used in this study are transferable to analyses on a regional to national scale. National maps and data material for 11 regions were recently published on https://klimaservicesenter.no/kss/framskr/sno-sludd-regn.

FInancial and budgetary policy as an tool of social and economic development of the country

Relevance of the research topic. Financial and budgetary policy is an important tool for the socioeconomic development of the country. The formation and implementation of an effective financial policy of thestate has an important place in ensuring effective social development. It is necessary to determine the priorities of the financial and budgetary policy and create conditions for economic growth. Further development of the state finance management system is important to increase the efficiency of institutional transformations of the economy and ensure positive macroeconomic dynamics. Formulation of the problem. Financial and budgetary policy should be an effective tool for ensuring the socio-economic development of the country. Analysis of recent research and publications. The question of the formation and implementation of finance and budget policy is quite widespread in scientific research. These are the scientific works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: V. Nordhaus, V. Teles, P. Samuelson, I. Chugunov, T. Kaneva, L. Lysiak, I. Lukyanenko, A. Mazaraki, V. Makogon, V. Oparin, M. Pasichnyi, O. Samoshkina, V. Fedosov and others. Highlighting unexplored parts of the general problem. It is important to form and implement the financial and budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country. Further development of the budget planning system and improvement of the efficiency of use of budget expenditures, improvement of the financial mechanism of social development is expedient.Setting the task, the goal of the research. The main tasks of the study are to reveal the essence of the formation and implementation of the financial and budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country, the main areas of improvement of the financial mechanism of social development, further development of the budget planning system and increasing the efficiency of the use of budget expenditures. The purpose of the research is to reveal the theoretical foundations and improve the mechanisms of formationand implementation of the financial and budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country. Method or methodology of research. The article uses a set of methods and approaches of scientific research: systemic, factorial, comparative, synthesis, generalization, scientific abstraction and others. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The essence of the formation and implementation of the financial and budgetary policy of the socio-economic development of the country is disclosed; received further development of provisions on the system of budget planning and increasing the efficiency of the use of budget expenditures. The theoretical foundations were developed and the financial mechanism of social development was improved, it was determined that in order to increase the effectiveness of institutional transformations of the economy, to ensure positive macroeconomic dynamics, the further development of the state finance management system is important, the financial and budgetary policy should take into account a number of tasks that stand at a certain stage of the development of social relations. Field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the process of formation andimplementation of financial and budgetary policy. Conclusions according to the article. Financial and budgetary policy is an effective tool for influencingsocio-economic processes. Important tasks in the process of development and implementation of the state financial policy are the improvement of the public finance system, the strengthening of the effectiveness of the regulatory function of the budget and tax mechanisms, the implementation of structural changes in the economy aimed at increasing the rate of economic growth. The effectiveness of economic transformations largely depends on the quality level of the institutional component of financial architecture, the stability of thecountry's financial system, the effectiveness of the influence of financial instruments on the socio-economic development of the country.

The effects of loadshedding on small and medium enterprises in the Collins Chabane local municipality

South Africa is at present experiencing electricity shortages resulting in loadshedding. Loadshedding is the action from an electricity supplier (Eskom) of rolling power cuts that intend to lessen the load on the power supply system when Eskom is not able to supply a high electricity demand. Loadshedding remains one of the country's most critical challenges and has affected day-to-day business activities leading to some small businesses closing their operations. In developing economies, small businesses play a significant role in the wellbeing of rural dwellers and are a major tool for local economic development. At present, there is limited evidence in the literature pointing out the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Collins Chabane Local Municipality (CCLM) in terms of the effects of loadshedding but there is literature describing similar issues in other geographical areas. The exploration of the effects of loadshedding on SMEs in the Collins Chabane Local Municipality was crucial to empower small SMEs, cover scholarly gaps, contribute to policy development, and participate in academic discourse. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, adopting a triangulation research design. The sample consisted of 125 members of the target population, which included the SME owners/managers and officials from the Collins Chabane Local Municipality such as the Local Economic Development (LED) manager, Electricity manager, and a technician. The sample was selected using purposive, snowball non-probability sampling, and cluster probability sampling. A total of 100 respondents were selected for the quantitative study, while 25 participants were selected for the qualitative study. Therefore, 100 respondents completed questionnaires and 25 respondents participated in the face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analysed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), while the qualitative data were analysed using the thematic method of analysis. According to the quantitative findings, loadshedding costs small and medium-sized businesses in the Collins Chabane Local Municipality an average of 61% of their total revenue. Additionally, 59% of these companies had to lay off their employees because they were unable to pay their wages. The Chi-square results demonstrate that loadshedding has been experienced uniformly by everyone, irrespective of their demographic and business demographic status. Therefore, demographics have no significant influence on the experience of loadshedding. The qualitative results reveal that the losses associated with the effects of loadshedding on SMEs’ production are untenable. There is an urgent need to alleviate the effects of loadshedding on SMEs. An alternative source of power is a requirement for small businesses in the Collins Chabane Local Municipality. It is for this reason that the South African government should grant small businesses a subsidy for the purchase of alternative sources of energy such as strong generators and solar panels to support them during periods of loadshedding. In addition, the South African government should encourage and capacitate small businesses in the Collins Chabane Local Municipality to participate in producing and supplying renewable energy by funding them, and further, foster cooperation among small businesses and companies that are successful in the production of renewable energy. This will assist in adding electricity generation capacity to the national grid and help eliminate electricity instability.

The impact of public subsidies on investment and growth: Policy about evaluation, selection and monitoring

Public subsidy, a frequently applied tool of economic development is often provided to the business sector assuming that it promotes investments, employment, and income generation. In this paper a micro economic model based empirical analysis is presented that shows the possible impact of public subsidy on economic growth. The outcomes are derived by investigating the investment decision of the enterprise with and without public subsidy. It is demonstrated that public subsidy may increase social welfare, but under certain circumstances it also may decrease it, partly because authorities deciding about them fail to consider the information on the investment projects that determines the outcome. The empirical analysis of corporate subsidies proves that both cases occur. The number of firms that performed well and presumably had not enough own resources to fund the investment was less than 10% of all subsidized firms. The programs had an overall negative impact on economic growth. We provide recommendations on how methods of evaluations, project selection and monitoring should be modified to achieve better results of subsidy programs.