Tool For Field Analysis Research Articles

SHRM and context: why firms want to be as different as legitimately possible

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to raise awareness that despite many calls for attention to a firm’s context in considering consequences for human resource management (HRM) and performance, research progress to date has been limited at best, although promising signs of change are emerging. Moreover, what has been defined as “performance” is coming under increasing scrutiny, with a more holistic concept emerging that balances both a firm’s financial performance and employee well-being. The question remains whether this is a mutual gains or conflicting outcomes situation for the firmvis-á-visthe employee.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a framework that facilitates a broader context-centric analysis of the HRM and performance relationship. In so doing, the authors posit that context should no longer merely be an obligatory control variable in a research design, but instead should be explicitly incorporated in both theory development and empirical model testing.FindingsThe Contextual SHRM Framework demonstrates how key organizational actors can balance competitive, heritage and institutional mechanisms to create an appropriate strategic HRM (SHRM) system capable of delivering organizational outcomes that balance financial and employee well-being outcomes, which in the long run impact societal well-being that, in turn, recreates the firm’s operating context. At the heart of the framework is an iterative process between context and the SHRM system, achieving an appropriate level of dynamic fit across the various components.Practical implicationsIn addition to empirical research, the framework has to date been widely used in executive development training, serving as a force field analysis tool allowing simultaneous consideration of the external and internal elements of a firm’s context, key organizational actors and SHRM system outcomes. HR professionals applying the framework to their organization can add value by demonstrating the clear linkage between the business strategy, the HRM system and the firm’s operating context.Originality/valueThis paper is designed to encourage new directions in future research and practice. The Contextual SHRM Framework is presented as a novel tool to facilitate advancement of the HRM and performance field of study.

Visual Field Testing in Pediatric Patients

Diseases that affect vision in pediatric patients may impair central vision (i.e., 20/20 vision) or may affect peripheral or side vision. Although there are established quantitative methods to accurately evaluate central vision throughout childhood, methods of quantifiable peripheral vision or visual field testing are more limited. Some children may be unable to cooperate or understand the methodology of conventional techniques such as automatic static perimetry used in adult patients. Despite this limitation, assessment of visual fields in pediatric patients is clinically relevant in many ophthalmologic and neurologic disease processes that affect children. The purpose of this paper is to review recent literature that examines the feasibility for formal visual field analysis in children and to provide a summary of recent efforts to develop visual field analysis tools for infants, toddlers, and children who are otherwise unable to participate using conventional visual field techniques.

Simulation of Two-Dimensional Scramjet Combustor Reacting Flow Field Using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes WENO Solver

AbstractThe non-equilibrium chemical reacting combustion flows of a proposed long slender scramjet system were numerically studied by solving the turbulent Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model is used which produces better results for near wall and boundary layer flow field problems. The lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel implicit scheme, which enables results converge efficiently under steady state condition, is combined with the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme to yield an accurate simulation tool for scramjet combustion flow field analysis. Using the WENO schemes high-order accuracy and its non-oscillatory solution at flow discontinuities, better resolution of the hypersonic flow problems involving complex shock-shock/shock-boundary layer interactions inside the flow path, can be achieved. Two types of scramjet combustor with cavity-based and strut-based fuel injector were considered as the testing models. The flow characteristics with and without combustion reactions of the two types combustor model were studied with a transient hydrogen/oxygen combustion model. The detailed results of aerodynamic data are obtained and discussed, moreover, the combustion properties of varying the equivalent ratio of hydrogen, including the concentration of reacting species, hydrogen and oxygen, and the reacting products, water, are demonstrated to study the combustion process and performance of the combustor. The comparisons of flow field structures, pressure on wall and velocity profiles between the experimental data and the solutions of the present algorithms, showed qualitatively as well as the quantitatively in good agreement, and validated the adequacy of the present simulation tool for hypersonic scramjet reacting flow analysis.

Theoretical study of the interparticle interaction of nanoparticles randomly dispersed on a substrate

Metal nanoparticles exhibit the phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to the collective oscillation of their conduction electrons, which is induced by external electromagnetic radiation. The finite-differential time-domain (FDTD) method is widely used as an electromagnetic field analysis tool for nanoparticles. Although the influence of interparticle interactions is taken into consideration in the FDTD calculation for the plural particles configuration, the FDTD calculation of a random configuration is very difficult, particularly in the case of non-spherical particles. In this study, a theoretical calculation method incorporating interparticle interactions on a substrate with various particle shapes and sizes on a subwavelength scale is developed. The interparticle interaction is incorporated following FDTD calculation with an isolated single particle. This is explained systematically using a signal flow graph. Moreover, the mirror image effect of the substrate and the retardation effect are also taken into account in this method. The validity of this method is verified by calculations for simple arrangements of nanoparticles. In addition, it is confirmed that the method can improve the accuracy of predicted experimental results for Au nanoparticles prepared by the sputtering method, in terms of the plasmon peak wavelength. This method may enable the design of LSPR devices by controlling nanoparticle characteristics, such as the size, shape, and distribution density.

3축 자력계 Modeling & Simulation 및 수중무기체계 적용

This research handles the performance improvement effect by the Modeling & Simulation and shows the design, implementation, test results of the new 3-axis magnetometer which is the core component of strategic offensive deploying mine. The submarine is modelled by using the commercial electromagnetic field analysis tool on numerical value, and its magnetic field characteristic is predicted in order to apply the new magnetometer to the future underwater weapon system. The method to take the performance test results of new 3-axis magnetometer in the land is shown instead of the real test result in sea by making the miniature submarine.

Multiplex PCR: a powerful and affordable tool for laboratory and field analysis in developing countries

To the editor,Since the introduction of multiplex-PCR(mPCR)in1988,this technique has emerged as a highly efficient and sensitive molecular tool for nucleic acid-based diagnosis and monitoring,it is applicable to a broad range of physiological,metabolic and infectious conditions affecting human,animal

A web application for poloidal field analysis on HL-2M

Recently, many web tools [1–3] in fusion society have been designed and demonstrated, which has been proved to be powerful and convenient to fusion researchers. Many physicists and engineers need a tool to compute the poloidal magnetic field for some purposes (for example, the calibration of magnetic probes for EFIT, the field null structure analysis for control, the design of some plasma diagnostic systems), so to develop a powerful and convenient web application for the calculation of magnetic field and magnetic flux produced by PF coils is very important. In this paper, a web application tool for poloidal field analysis on HL-2M with a totally original framework is presented. This web application is full of dynamic and interactive interface, and can run in any popular browser (IE, safari, firefox, opera), on any hardware (smart phone, PC, ipad, Mac) and operating system (ios, android, windows, linux, Mac OS). No any plugins is needed. The three layers (jQuery+PHP+Matlab) of this framework are introduced. The front top client layer is developed by jQuery code. The middle layer, which plays a role of a bridge to connect the server and client through socket communication, is developed by PHP code. The behind server layer is developed by Matlab, which compute the magnetic field or magnetic flux through a Special Function called Complete Elliptic Integral, and returns the results in the client favorite way, either by table or by JPG image. The field null structure and the vertical and radial field structure calculated by this tool are introduced with details. The idea to design a web tool with jQuery+PHP+Matlab framework may apply to other machines. The address for this application is http://dp.swip.ac.cn/hl2m.

On Using a Gradient-based Method for Heliostat Field Layout Optimization

The most widely used methods for heliostat field optimization assume a particular pattern and then optimize the parameters that define the pattern to obtain a specified objective such as optimum optical efficiency or maximum power output. It has been demonstrated that these optimized patterns are not necessarily optimal; improvements are possible. Allowing heliostat field placement independent of an a priori pattern may therefore result in improved performance. While initial placement of heliostats in a fixed pattern may reduce computational burden, this paper demonstrates that an optimal field can be designed using a gradient-based optimization method starting from a random initial field and resulting in a field performing better than optimized patterns. The greatest challenge is computational expense. However, a simplified field analysis tool used as an objective function in a suitable optimization procedure sufficiently reduces the computational expense. An algorithm for very large scale optimal design, denoted SAOi, is applied. The algorithm is based on sequential approximate optimization and exploits some of the advantages of quadratic approximations while minimizing storage requirements. This algorithm proves attractive for the present problem where the design variables are large and the constraints outnumber the design variables. The procedure is applied to redesign the PS10 field with an improvement of 1.2% in annual intercepted energy. The research presented herein shows how heliostat placement can be done with each heliostat location as a separate design variable resulting in wholly optimal field placements.

Clifford algebra-based structure filtering analysis for geophysical vector fields

Abstract. A new Clifford algebra-based vector field filtering method, which combines amplitude similarity and direction difference synchronously, is proposed. Firstly, a modified correlation product is defined by combining the amplitude similarity and direction difference. Then, a structure filtering algorithm is constructed based on the modified correlation product. With custom template and thresholds applied to the modulus and directional fields independently, our approach can reveal not only the modulus similarities but also the classification of the angular distribution. Experiments on exploring the tempo-spatial evolution of the 2002–2003 El Niño from the global wind data field are used to test the algorithm. The results suggest that both the modulus similarity and directional information given by our approach can reveal the different stages and dominate factors of the process of the El Niño evolution. Additional information such as the directional stability of the El Niño can also be extracted. All the above suggest our method can provide a new powerful and applicable tool for geophysical vector field analysis.

Asymptotic decomposition in the problem of joined elastic beams

AbstractThe analysis of problem of joined elastic beams is presented in comparison with the engineering and asymptotic approaches. Our analysis is based on three‐dimensional elasticity theory model and recently developed method of local perturbation (Gaudiello and Kolpakov, 2011), which seems to be an effective tool for analysis of fields in the vicinity of joint. We demonstrate that the method of local perturbation developed in (Gaudiello and Kolpakov, 2011) for scalar Laplace equation can be modified for vectorial elasticity theory problem. We demonstrate that the elasticity theory problem in joined domains of small diameter can be decomposed into one‐dimensional problem describing global deformation of a system of joined beams and three‐dimensional problems describing local deformation of singular joints in uniform fields. The first problem is the classical one, which ignores individual properties of joint absolutely. The second problem initiates reminiscence about the cellular problem of the homogenization theory for periodic structure. In spite of some similarities, the mentioned problems differ significantly. In particular, the joint of normal type (the joint similar in dimensions and material characteristics to the joined beams) does not manifest itself on global level. Due to the strong localization of perturbation of solution, computation of local strains and stresses in the vicinity of joint can be realized with standard FEM software.

DESIGN OF A PORTABLE ELECTROTHERMAL VAPORIZATION FLAME ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY DEVICE FOR FIELD ANALYSIS

A nontraditional, portable flame atomic emission spectrometry (FAES) device has been constructed using a welding industry metal cutting torch as the flame source with a tungsten coil electrothermal vaporization device for sample introduction. Twenty-microliter sample aliquots were pipetted onto a commercially available tungsten filament, and a home-written Visual Basic program was used to automatically dry and atomize the sample. The sample was then transported into the heart of the air-acetylene flame, where it was excited, and the resulting emission signal was focused onto the entrance of a miniature charge coupled device spectrometer. Figures of merit were determined for five alkaline and alkali earth metals of biological and environmental significance. Limits of detection were, on average, 100 times lower than those for traditional flame emission spectrometers. The capabilities of this portable device make it an ideal tool for biological field analysis, particularly in areas where traditional laboratories are inaccessible.

Finite element analysis of coupled electromagnetic and thermal fields within a practical induction heating cooker

The analysis of an induction heating cooker is a complex process because induction heating is a combination of electromagnetic and heat transfer. In this paper, a coupled electromagnetic and thermal field analysis tool for education is proposed. The tool is based on the finite element method. A very simple and highly practical finite element computation procedure has also been developed, coded, implemented, and intensively used to simulate and analyze the above problem in a multiphysics environment. Particular attention is given to graphically visualizing the magnetic flux density of a specified induction heating cooker geometry. The corresponding induced eddy current density profile and temperature distribution are also presented. It gives a deeper insight into both electromagnetic and thermal phenomena for students. The forces on the plate caused by the eddy currents can also be studied and demonstrated in the numerical model. Combinations of geometric display and graphically parametric representations are effective for students to understand the designed induction heating cooker performance. The finite element simulation results of the transient temperature distribution are evaluated and compared with the experimental results. The accuracy of the simulation is demonstrated and appreciated. This finite element simulation and graphical visualization are therefore proposed as a valuable alternative prior to the actual final induction heating cooker design. Furthermore, in order to take care of the possible biological effects, some effort is expended to eliminate electromagnetic leakage emitted by the induction heating cooker.

Holographic features of spatial coherence wavelets

The behavior of the marginal power spectrum as a two-channel-multiplexed hologram is analyzed. Its "negative energies" make it quite different from the conventional holograms, i.e., it is not recordable in general and the objects to be reconstructed (the cross-spectral densities at both the aperture and the observation planes) are virtual. The holographic reconstruction results from the superposition of the spatial coherence wavelets that carry the marginal power spectrum. These features make the marginal power spectrum a powerful tool for analysis and synthesis of optical fields, for instance, in optical information processing (signal encryption) and beam shaping for microlithography.

Array technology for bending wave field analysis in constructions

In this paper it is shown that array technology is an essential tool for the quantitative analysis of bending wave fields in elastic, solid constructions. The advantages can be compared with those of array-based acoustic wave field analysis in free air as well as in enclosed spaces. In contrast to acoustic waves, bending waves are highly dispersive, i.e., their propagation velocity depends strongly on frequency. A convolution operation is introduced as a preprocessing step, removing the dispersion from the bending waves, such that their propagation properties become highly similar to that of acoustic waves. After this transformation, multidimensional acoustic wave field analysis methods can be successfully applied to bending wave fields, using the large technology portfolio in acoustic imaging. The new analysis method is applied to simulated bending wave fields and to real measurements on a rectangular steel plate. The proposed method is demonstrated on bending wave fields, but it can be applied to any type of dispersive wave phenomenon.

Magnetic Field Analysis on Electromagnetic Water Treatment Device

A short review of magnetic water treatment devices is given. Analysis of electromagnetic industrial units named EM I – IV is presented. The distribution of magnetic flux density of the models was measured and analyzed by the computer program Electromagnetic Field Analysis Tools. Results for EM IV show that an improvement can be achieved by replacing a metallic tooth, used for placing the washer ring, with nonmagnetic material.

Determination of Current and Temperature Distribution in Overhead Conductors by Using Electromagnetic-Field Analysis Tools

This paper discusses the issue of skin-effect impact on a current's distribution. It presents an analytical approach for determining temperature distribution by using the Electromagnetic Field Analysis Tool's two-dimensional (2-D) program (ELEFANT 2D) over the cross sections of tube-type conductors. Using this implemented model, the authors determine the conductor's current density by taking into account the skin-effect impact on a multilayered bare conductor by the overhead power transmission lines of the ACSR 490/65 mm/sup 2/ type, and the optical cable of the optical ground wire (OPGW) type. An ELEFANT 2D is given an enabling determination of temperature distribution over the tube-type conductor cross section. The authors have developed, using this program, a computerized mathematical model for temperature determination by considering the skin effect in a multilayer ACSR 490/65 mm/sup 2/ conductor, and the optical cable of the OPGW type. The results show temperature distribution in individual layers of the ACSR 490/65 mm/sup 2/ conductor and the OPGW cable by adiabatic heating at different short-circuit currents.

A disposable immunosensor for detection of 17β-estradiol in non-extracted bovine serum

This paper reports the assembly of a disposable immunosensor based on the direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), for simple and fast measurement of 17β-estradiol (17β-E 2) in bovine serum, using screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) and a Palm-Sens portable electrochemical detector. The immunosensor strip was assembled immobilising, by passive adsorption, anti-rabbit IgG onto the surface of the working SPE electrode. After the interaction between anti-rabbit IgG and rabbit anti-17β-E 2 polyclonal antibodies (PAb), the competition was performed using 17β-estradiol–alkaline phosphatase conjugate (17β-E 2–AP) synthesised in our laboratory. The enzymatic substrate used for signal generation was 1-naphthylphosphate and its conversion to an electroactive product (1-naphthol) was measured using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). To develop a prototype for field measurements, the entire competitive protocol has been optimised directly in a blank non-extracted bovine serum. According to the new EU criteria established by the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC for qualitative and quantitative screening methods, the detection capability (CCβ), was determined. The CCβ value resulted below the action limit (40 pg mL −1) fixed for 17β-E 2. Spiked and real samples were analysed using the electrochemical immunostrips obtaining precision values (relative standard deviation, R.S.D.%) ranging from 8.6 to 17.0% and a recovery ( R%) from 88.2 to 120.0%. Results obtained on real samples were confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled on-line with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) source and a heated nebulizer (HN) interface; this is the method currently used to confirm illegal hormone administration for regulatory purposes. The disposable immunosensor appears suitable as a screening tool for field analysis of bovine serum estradiol.

Field analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in water by portable gas chromatography–microflame ionization detector combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction

In this work, portable gas chromatography–microflame ionization detection (portable GC–μFID) coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was developed for the field analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in water samples. The HS-SPME parameters such as fiber coating, extraction times, stirring rate, the ratio of headspace volume to sample volume, and sodium chloride concentration were studied. A 65 μm poly(dimethylsiloxane)-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB) SPME fiber, 900 rpm, 3.0 ml of headspace (1.0 ml water sample in 4.0 ml vial), and 35% sodium chloride concentration (w/v) were respectively chosen for the best extraction response. An extraction time of 1.0 min was enough to extract BTEX in water samples. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for the procedure varied from 5.4% to 8.3%. The method detection limits (MDLs) found were lower than 1.5 μg/l, which was enough sensitive to detect the BTEX in water samples. The optimized method was applied to the field analysis of BTEX in wastewater samples. These experiment results show that portable GC–μFID combined with HS-SPME is a rapid, simple and effective tool for field analysis of BTEX in water samples.

Outlier detection algorithms and their performance in GOCE gravity field processing

The satellite missions CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE mark the beginning of a new era in gravity field determination and modeling. They provide unique models of the global stationary gravity field and its variation in time. Due to inevitable measurement errors, sophisticated pre-processing steps have to be applied before further use of the satellite measurements. In the framework of the GOCE mission, this includes outlier detection, absolute calibration and validation of the SGG (satellite gravity gradiometry) measurements, and removal of temporal effects. In general, outliers are defined as observations that appear to be inconsistent with the remainder of the data set. One goal is to evaluate the effect of additive, innovative and bulk outliers on the estimates of the spherical harmonic coefficients. It can be shown that even a small number of undetected outliers (<0.2 of all data points) can have an adverse effect on the coefficient estimates. Consequently, concepts for the identification and removal of outliers have to be developed. Novel outlier detection algorithms are derived and statistical methods are presented that may be used for this purpose. The methods aim at high outlier identification rates as well as small failure rates. A combined algorithm, based on wavelets and a statistical method, shows best performance with an identification rate of about 99%. To further reduce the influence of undetected outliers, an outlier detection algorithm is implemented inside the gravity field solver (the Quick-Look Gravity Field Analysis tool was used). This results in spherical harmonic coefficient estimates that are of similar quality to those obtained without outliers in the input data.

GOCE Gravity Field Processing Strategy

A processing strategy and the corresponding software architecture for the processing of GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) observables is presented and described, with the major objective to compute a high-accuracy, high-resolution spherical harmonic model of the Earth's gravity field. The combination of two numerical solution strategies, i.e. the rigorous solution of the corresponding large normal equation systems applying parallel processing (on a PC cluster) as the core solver, and the fast semianalytic approach as a quick-look gravity field analysis (QL-GFA) tool, is proposed. Such a method fusion benefits from the advantages of the individual components: the rigorous inversion of the system providing also the full variance-covariance information, and the quickness enabling the consecutive production of intermediate gravity field solutions, for the purpose to analyse partial and incomplete data sets and to derive a diagnosis of the performance of the GOCE measurement system. The functionality and operability of the individual components are demonstrated in the framework of a closed loop simulation, which is based on a realistic mission scenario both in terms of the orbit configuration and the coloured measuring noise. Special concern is given to the accuracy of the recovered coefficients, the numerical behaviour, the required computing time, and the particular role of the individual modules within the processing chain. In the case of the core solver, it is demonstrated that the assembling and rigorous solution of large normal equation systems can be handled by using Beowulf clusters within a reasonable computing time. The application of the quick-look tool to partial data sets with short-term data gaps is demonstrated on the basis of several case studies. Additionally, the spectral analysis of the residuals of the adjustment is presented as a valuable tool for the verification of the noise characteristics of the GOCE gradiometer.