Tooele Army Depot Research Articles

Open burning and open detonation PM10 mass emission factor measurements with optical remote sensing

Emission factors (EFs) of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm (PM10) from the open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) of energetic materials were measured using a hybrid-optical remote sensing (hybrid-ORS) method. This method is based on the measurement of range-resolved PM backscattering values with a micropulse light detection and ranging (LIDAR; MPL) device. Field measurements were completed during March 2010 at Tooele Army Depot, Utah, which is an arid continental site. PM10 EFs were quantified for OB of M1 propellant and OD of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). EFs from this study are compared with previous OB/OD measurements reported in the literature that have been determined with point measurements either in enclosed or ambient environments, and with concurrent airborne point measurements. PM10 mass EFs, determined with the hybrid-ORS method, were 7.8 × 10−3 kg PM10/kg M1 from OB of M1 propellant, and 0.20 kg PM10/kg TNT from OD of TNT. Compared with previous results reported in the literature, the hybrid-ORS method EFs were 13% larger for OB and 174% larger for OD. Compared with the concurrent airborne measurements, EF values from the hybrid-ORS method were 37% larger for OB and 54% larger for OD. For TNT, no statistically significant differences were observed for the EFs measured during the detonation of 22.7 and 45.4 kg of TNT, supporting that the total amount of detonated mass in this mass range does not have an effect on the EFs for OD of TNT. Implications: Particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere affects the health of humans and ecosystems, visibility, and climate. Fugitive PM emissions are not well characterized because of spatial and temporal ubiquity and heterogeneity. The hybrid-ORS method is appropriate for quantifying fugitive PM emission factors (EFs) because it captures the spatial and temporal dispersion of ground level and elevated plumes in real time, without requiring numerous point measurement devices. The method can be applied to provide an opportunity to reduce the uncertainty of fugitive PM EFs and readily update PM emissions in National Emission Inventories for a range of fugitive PM sources.

Mapping Structures that Control Contaminant Migration using Helicopter Transient Electromagnetic Data

Tooele Army Depot, Tooele County, Utah has developed a hydrogeological model to predict spatio-temporal changes in trichloroethylene contamination originating from sources on the base. Established in 1942 to store World War II supplies, ammunition, and combat vehicles, the Depot is situated in the Basin and Range Providence about [Formula: see text] west of Salt Lake City, Utah. In order to better define this hydrogeological framework, a helicopter-borne, time-domain electromagnetic system, known as SkyTEM, was used to survey a [Formula: see text] area of the Depot. Areas where carbonate basement is known from prior studies to be at or near the surface were clearly delineated in the SkyTEM data as a high resistivity zone, which begins near the ground surface and continues to the deepest samples at about [Formula: see text]. In some places the basement appears to be conductive rather than resistive. In areas where unconsolidated sedimentary cover is known to be thick, such as in the northwest part of the survey area, resistivities were low throughout the sample intervals. The SkyTEM data supports the existence of some, but not all, of the hydrological boundaries hypothesized from potentiometric information. Shallow high-resistivity layers in the east and southeast portions of the survey area appear to be underlain by more conductive sediments, and so should not necessarily be interpreted as shallow bedrock, but possibly as resistive sediments such as dry sand and gravel. One of the most significant results of the survey is the delineation of a narrow unit, interpreted as a paleochannel, at depths greater than [Formula: see text] that may be responsible for migration of contamination to the northwest.

Normalizing federal land transfers: A new tool for base reuse

AbstractThis article continues a dialogue on early transfers of title under authority of Section 334 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997, which was analyzed in the Spring 1997 issue of the Journal by Barry P. Steinberg and Jennifer L. Peper. Colonel Swenson represents the Redevelopment Agency (RDA) of Tooele City, Utah, which is currently negotiating an Economic Development Conveyance of 1700 acres from Tooele Army Depot, the first use of Section 334 in the United States. Section 334 amended Section 120 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), 42 U.S. Code §9620, which governs federal agency compliance with CERCLA and federal land transfers. The article places Section 334 in the context of Section 120 development, examines the benefits Section 334 is hoped to produce for the Tooele RDA, and responds to concerns that have been raised about the use of Section 334 by environmental regulatory agencies and the authors of the previous article.

The normalization of the abnormal: Early transfer of contaminated base closure property

AbstractThe continuing dialogue on title transfer of military base closure property is representative of the difficult public policy considerations associated with balancing economic and environmental concerns at closed or closing military installations. With the recent announcement by the secretary of defense that the Department of Defense (DOD) would seek two more rounds of base closure, the impediments to reuse of former military property that continue to plague local communities will be subjected to further scrutiny. Mr. Swenson examines the benefits of Section 334 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 with respect to Tooele Army Depot and by implication, the application of those benefits to other base closure property. This analysis addresses that optimistic examination.

Ground-water quality assessment and closure of the industrial waste lagoon at Tooele Army Depot, Utah : Johnson, S B Proc Symposium on Geology and Hydrology of Hazardous-Waste, Mining-Waste, Waste-Water and Repositories Sites in Utah, Salt Lake City, 1989P87–95. Publ Salt Lake City: Symposium and Field Conference, 1989 (Utha Geological Association Publication 17)

Abstract This paper presents the findings of the ground-water quality assessment in the vicinity of the industrial waste lagoon at Tooele Army Depot, Utah. The industrial waste lagoon was an unlined evaporation pond which received industrial waste water generated by maintenance activities at Tooele Army Depot. Waste water leaking from the IWL contributed a large volume of trichloroethene and other organic contaminants to the ground-water system. Tooele Valley, in which Tooele Army Depot is located, is an alluvium-filled valley within the Basin and Range physiographic province in Utah. Ground water occurs in an alluvial aquifer composed of several thousand feet of unconsolidated sediments of Tertiary and Quaternary ages. A bedrock aquifer composed of quartzite and limestone beds of late Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and early Permian ages also occurs within the study area. Ground water occurs between 400 feet and 170 feet below ground at Tooele Army Depot. The ground-water cleanup planned for Tooele Army Depot includes two components: (1) elimination of the source of contaminants by closing the industrial waste lagoon and waste water ditches, and (2) extraction and treatment of contaminated ground water. The most highly contaminated soil will be excavated from the waste-water ditches and placed in the industrial waste lagoon where it, along with contaminated soil and sludge from the industrial waste lagoon, will be covered with a multi-layer cap. Ground water will be extracted from wellfields located at the waste-water ditches and at the northern Tooele Army Depot boundary, treated with air strippers, and returned to the aquifer through injection wells. It is anticipated that the contaminated ground water will be circulated several times through the extraction/treatment/injection systems before it will meet the cleanup levels approved by the Utah Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Committee.

Empirical earthquake ground motions for an engineering site with fault sources: Tooele Army Depot, Utah : Krinitzsky, E L Bull Assoc Engng GeolV26, N3, Aug 1989, P283–308

Empirical earthquake ground motions for an engineering site with fault sources: Tooele Army Depot, Utah : Krinitzsky, E L Bull Assoc Engng GeolV26, N3, Aug 1989, P283–308

Risk associated with the demilitarization of the United States chemical weapons stockpile

A risk assessment was performed in support of the Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for the Demilitarization of the US Chemical Weapons Stockpile. The risks of five disposal alternatives were assessed. These were: (1) continued storage for 25 more years; (2) a single disposal site (national alternative); (3) two disposal sites (regional); (4) disposal at each of eight storage sites (on-site altenative); and (5) on-site disposal except for two sites located near high population areas, where the stockpiles from these sites would be shipped to Tooele Army Depot for disposal (partial relocation). The shipping off-site was assumed by rail except for partial relocation which was assumed to be by air. The on-site shipping was by truck. Specially designed packaging was provided similar to that used to ship nuclear materials. The assessment examined the risks assciated with transportation, incinerator operation, and handling and included both risks from internally initiated events as well as externally initiated events such as earthquakes and tornadoes. Several measures of risk were used since it was necessary to properly assess impacts on human health, the environment, and socioeconomic resources. Each measure was treated as equal since risk impacts vary among the population. Results for each of the five alternatives are presented. A selection methodology was implemented to determine an environmentally preferred alternative. The on-site alternative was judged the preferred alternative based on risk and from an emergency planning perspective.

Empirical Earthquake Ground Motions for an Engineering Site with Fault Sources: Tooele Army Depot, Utah

Empirical earthquake ground motions were developed for an engineering site at Tooele Army Depot near Tooele, Utah. Nearby fault sources were judged capable of generating earthquakes, as was the Wasatch fault. Comparisons were made between peak horizontal motions obtained from charts giving motions for Modified Mercalli intensity and charts giving motions for earthquake magnitude and distance. The latter motions were compared for charts by various authors. The motions that were generated include the effects of a major earthquake on the Wasatch fault at 50 km from the site, with M = 7.5, and a local earthquake at 21 km from the site, also of M = 7.5. The Wasatch earthquake for a soft site involves peak horizontal motions with acceleration = 380 cm/sec 2 , velocity =58 cm/sec and duration (≥0.05 g ) = 56 sec. The local earthquake has an acceleration = 1,100 cm/sec 2 , velocity = 180 cm/sec and duration (≥0.05 g ) = 54 sec. Appropriate time histories are recommended. Operating basis motions are also provided.

They Kept ’Em Rolling: THE TOOELE ARMY DEPOT, 1942-1962

Research Article| January 01 1963 They Kept ’Em Rolling: THE TOOELE ARMY DEPOT, 1942-1962 LEONARD J. ARRINGTON; LEONARD J. ARRINGTON Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google THOMAS G. ALEXANDER THOMAS G. ALEXANDER Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Utah Historical Quarterly (1963) 31 (1): 3–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/45059066 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation LEONARD J. ARRINGTON, THOMAS G. ALEXANDER; They Kept ’Em Rolling: THE TOOELE ARMY DEPOT, 1942-1962. Utah Historical Quarterly 1 January 1963; 31 (1): 3–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/45059066 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressUtah Historical Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 1963, Utah State Historical Society Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.