Tons Of Municipal Solid Waste Research Articles

Waste as Resource for Pakistan: An Innovative Business Model of Regenerative Circular Economy to Integrate Municipal Solid Waste Management Sector

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is a global concern, especially in low–middle-income countries such as Pakistan, which require the redressal of MSW treatment issues to attain sustainability in the waste sector. The prosperity of municipal solid waste (MSW) collectors, i.e., the sanitary workers, is critical in the waste management hierarchy. Hence, the health, safety, social welfare, economic conditions and overall wellbeing of this tier need to be focused on more. Safeguarding the interests of the sanitary workers will support the MSW management sector in sustainability, which will help to generate revenue and minimize climatic impacts. An innovative MSW business model with waste ownership and technological intervention has excellent potential to support the sector towards a circular economy in Pakistan, the fifth most populous country in the world, generating about 100,000 metric tons of MSW per day. The proposed recycling business model will ensure a daily material recovery of 26,070 tons with 4721 tons of compost manufacturing in the country, which ultimately helps towards achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and meeting the targets of nationally determined contributors (NDCs) by 2030. In addition, the sector’s economic potential can contribute 5.5% to the total annual budget and possibly pay 1.4% of the gross domestic product (GDP) per annum to service national foreign debt, thus helping maintain the debt threshold value with an opportunity to accelerate the economic growth of Pakistan.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Waste-to-Suburban Cooking Energy Critical Infrastructure Development in Southwestern Nigeria

This study examined the techno-economic specifications for a Waste-to-Suburban Cooking Energy<strong> </strong>critical infrastructure project in Southwestern Nigeria. Technological and project economic data for the W2E project were obtained from strategic sources and energy project foresight/analysis framework used. The results showed residential upgraded biogas-for-cooking demand of approximately 10,243 m<sup>3</sup>/month, and municipal solid waste (MSW) input of approximately 80 tonnes/month. The planned biogas plant had estimated costs of US $120,000, a throughput of almost 15,364 m<sup>3</sup>/month and required 5 acres of land for construction. Project economic viability indicator estimates were: Initial Investment – US $256,500, annual profits – US $40,000, Net Present Value (NPV) – US $142,000, maximum payback period – 7 years, and annual Return-on-Investment (ROI) – 16%. Socio-economic benefits per month included the constant supply of cheap cooking fuel, comparative cooking energy cost savings (biogas-to-LPG usage) of US $3,810, and the elimination of almost 80 tonnes of MSW from the environment. The study concluded that the Waste-2-Biogas critical infrastructure project was technically, environmentally, and socio-economically viable, and was suitable for deployment across suburban Southwestern Nigeria.

Rethinking Waste Management in Indonesia Using Public-Private Partnership Framework: A Case Study of Akhmad Amirudin PET Bottle Waste Management

Municipal solid waste (MSW) continues to be a major challenge in almost every country. In Indonesia alone, approximately 64 million tons of MSW are produced on an annual basis. While polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles account for 12% of all plastic products, the waste is not well managed. Many stakeholders are involved in PET bottle waste recycling but no forum for stakeholders has been established. In this study, the aim is to identify an acceptable system for PET bottle waste, to determine the role and function of each stakeholder, and to propose a framework under the perspective of public-private partnerships. The study’s novelty is the elaborate roles and schematic framework for various stakeholders in PET bottle waste. The aim is to identify an acceptable scheme for PET bottle waste and determine each stakeholder’s role and function. Data was generated from electronic databases (2017 to December 2021) a systematic literature review methodology followed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review. The data were analyzed by the Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) approach. This study found that the laws and regulations for waste management in Indonesia are not suitable for dealing with PET bottle waste, and the government carries out limited tasks and dedicates few resources to managing the waste. A public-private partnership framework was proposed to divide the role, commitment, goal, and activities of each stakeholder to properly manage PET bottle waste.

Environmental and economic performances of municipal solid waste management strategies based on LCA method: A case study of kinshasa

Like many populated urban agglomerations in Africa, Kinshasa, the capital of Democratic Republic of Congo, faces several challenges to manage its exponentially growing Municipal Solid Waste. With its 12, 000, 000 people daily generating 7800 tons of Municipal Solid waste, the city still struggles with basic services such as waste collection and sanitary landfill. This causes major social, environmental and health related issues. With the aim of contributing to the implementation of a better management system in Kinshasa, this study evaluates the environmental impact and the cost of the existing waste management framework and proposes 6 alternative scenarios. Each scenario attempts to optimize Greenhouse gas emissions and cost, using the Life Cycle Assessment approach. Results show that the current municipal solid waste management in Kinshasa city emits 640,673 tons of CO2 equivalent per year and costs a total of 17, 776, 169.78USD yearly. Focusing on increasing waste collection coverage and recycling activities in the proposed 6 scenarios, scenario 4 where all municipal solid waste is collected, produces 4,042,402 tons of CO2 equivalent per year and costs 143, 296, 983.4 yearly. In scenario 7, considered the most optimized management model for Kinshasa in this study, municipal solid waste is valorized through different treatment processes and atmospheric pollution reaches 2,835,491 tons of CO2 equivalent yearly, with a management cost of 152, 790, 779.4 USD/year. This study finds that the optimization of the Municipal Solid Waste management system in Kinshasa city causes the atmospheric pollution in terms of CO2 equivalent to decrease by half, when all waste is collected. Landfill diversion rate reaches up to 70%, but the overall MSW management cost increases by almost eight times as much as the current operational cost. The optimization of the management system is done by increasing waste collection coverage and implementing diverse streams of waste valorization. Despite the wide use of the Life Cycle Assessment method in waste management and decision making, this method has not yet been, to the best knowledge of the authors, applied in estimating Greenhouse gas emissions and cost of the Municipal Solid Waste in the specific context of Kinshasa city.

Evaluating operating models and urbanism for transportation operations of circular reuse platforms

Containers and packages contribute to about 28 % of more than 292 million tons of municipalsolid waste. Although a shift from single-use to reuse models seems inevitable for more sustainable packaging, there are economic and environmental aspects of reusables operations that are yet to be investigated. In this paper, we address the transportation operations of reusables (delivery of full packages and picking up empty ones) while accounting for the possibility of prioritizing serving deliveries prior to pickups. We model this problem as the Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls and showcase a heuristic solution approach on two real-world transportation networks that are representative of urban and rural areas. We also present an analysis of the transportation cost and CO2 emission under a variety of factors that provides relevant insights for decision makers that could help them to find solutions in adopting reusable packaging models.

Review of Bioenergy Potential in Jordan

Despite the enormous efforts put into practice by governmental entities, most of the energy consumption worldwide proceeds from fossil fuels. In this regard, there is a clear need to advance toward the use of cleaner energies. This situation is especially critical in developing countries, where a high population, increased commercial and industrial activities, and rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are major concerns. This paper focuses on reviewing the current energy map in Jordan, one of the developing countries in the Southwest Asia area. Jordan generates 2.7 million tons of municipal solid waste annually, which can cause a variety of environmental problems rather than benefit the energy industry or the country’s economy. Jordan uses biomass energy to provide just 0.1% of its overall energy needs. Presently, produced energy comprises logs, chips, bark, and sawdust is made up of around 44% wood. Jordan has a high potential for producing biomass in the future. About 96% of the biomass is made up of animal manure, followed by olive trees and pomace, with a percentage of 1.8%. This work evaluates the theoretical energy potential of waste in Jordan based on previous studies. Moreover, this article looks at the biomass potential in Jordan, emphasizing how the country may become one of the top producers of bioenergy in terms of waste and identifying procedures to assess the biogas potential for common substrates in Jordanian communities (food and agricultural waste). Finally, some further recommendations are provided for developing the biomass sector in Jordan.

And What Happens with the Garbage in Bolivia?

Garbage in Bolivia as well as in the entire world is a problem that is gradually increasing. The World Bank prepared a report in 2018 entitled “What a Waste 2.0”, where it indicates that the world generates 2010 million tons of municipal solid waste annually. This would be equivalent in weight to more than 14 million blue whales. This generated garbage is “suffocating” the oceans, lakes, rivers, clogging the drains and as a direct consequence producing floods, transmitting diseases, increasing respiratory conditions due to the burning of the same garbage, in itself, it is turning our planet into a sewer

Sustainability Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion Systems for Decentralized Waste Management

Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) analyses were utilized to assess decentralized anaerobic digestion (AD)-based solid waste management (SWM) plans for a remote community. A hypothetical developing community of 20,000 habitants was selected with an average municipal solid waste (MSW) generation of 0.51 kg/capita/day. Sustainable SWM is needed to ensure both the environmental and economic aspects. In order to exploit the resource value of the high food fractions in developing countries, sustainable waste management alternatives have been emerged and compared to the commonly used SWM scenario (landfills). The scenario included, collection and transportation of waste, material recovery facility (MRF), AD, and landfilling processes. WRATE software databases were used to obtain data for the life cycle inventory (LCI). The functional unit has been selected as the management of 1 ton of MSW for a study period of 20 years. The scenarios were evaluated via the CML 2001 impact assessment method covering 6 categories including climate change, eutrophication potential, acidification potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, and resource depletion. The findings revealed that the proposed strategy improved the life cycle environmental performance in all impact categories and resulted in significant economic savings.

Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energetic Potential from Solid Waste Landfills in Jordan: A Comparative Modelling Analysis

Landfilling of solid waste has been and continues to be among the most common practices of solid waste disposal. This is particularly true for Jordan, where approximately 3.3 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) is annually generated, with 90% of the generated amount disposed into landfills. The main objective of this study is to estimate the quantities of landfill gas (LFG) generated from the solid waste disposal and its potential as a source of clean energy in Jordan using four different models, namely, GasSim 2.5, LandGEM, Afvalzorg, and Mexico Landfill Gas Model V2 (MLFGM V2). Furthermore, the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of LFG projects was estimated. Currently, there are 18 active landfills that are distributed across the country. Based on screening criteria, the landfills were grouped into three categories: five landfills were considered for energy production, four were strong candidates for LFG collection and flaring, while the remaining nine landfills do not receive enough waste to be considered for either energy recovery or flaring. The total amount of LFG emissions was found to be 1.6 billion M3 of LFG, while the landfill energetic potential of the recovered LFG was estimated to be 34.8 MW. On the other hand, GHG mitigation potential was assessed between the years 2020 and 2030, which was found to be 18 million ton CO2 eq. The proposed LFG energy recovery projects will lead to increased biogas contribution to Jordan’s local renewable energy mix from a current level of 1% to 6%.

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Single Stream and Multi-Stream Waste Recycling Systems

An increasing trend of moving towards single-stream waste management systems is occurring in many municipalities. This is because of the ability to process greater quantities of materials, minimize material management costs, and maximize recycling convenience and participation. Research on evaluating comprehensive sustainability (economic, environmental, and social) of the two streams is very limited. This study looks to gain an in-depth understanding of two waste management systems and assist in the decision-making processes of municipalities. To achieve this, the study provides a framework for evaluating economic, environmental, and social impacts as well as a sustainability assessment of single- vs. multi-stream waste management systems within the scope of a typical North American college town. A life cycle assessment framework was employed. The scope of the assessment includes production of materials, collection, sorting, and processes included in a material recovery facility (MRF). The functional unit is 1 ton of municipal solid waste. The case study was conducted on a North American college city during its transition from multi-stream recycling to single-stream recycling. The sustainability assessment result of the case study reveals that the single-stream recycling collection cost is slightly lower (USD 86.96/ton) than the multi-stream recycling collection cost (USD 89/ton). Additionally, the GHG emissions for the single-stream recycling system (10.56 kg CO2eq/ton) are slightly higher than for the multi-stream recycling system (9.67 kg CO2eq/ton). This is due to the complexity of the processes involved in the MRF. Nevertheless, recycling rate is the determining factor for life cycle GHG emissions and costs. Municipal solid waste policymakers could benefit from this study by using the framework and study results for tactical and strategic decision-making.

Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Ho Chi Minh City of Viet Nam

Accurate estimation of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is required for making effective climate change mitigation policies at the national level. Among major sources, municipal solid waste (MSW) is an important source of GHGs, such as methane (CH4), generated during the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. In Viet Nam, the emissions of GHGs are not well quantified, in particular from the MSW management system. In this study, we estimated emissions of GHGs from the MSW management system of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), considering the current waste management practices. In HCMC, landfilling has been a common practice of solid waste management. About 85 percent of the total MSW generated in the city has been landfilled at two landfill sites. Our estimates show that landfilling was the significant source of GHGs in HCMC, with a net contribution of 781.05 kg CO2-equivalent (CO2-eq.) per tonne of MSW landfilled. From the whole MSW management system, the direct GHG emission was 768.61 (kg CO2-eq. per tonne of MSW) with avoided emissions of 72.47 (kg CO2-eq. per tonne of MSW) through composting and recycling of MSW. The net GHG emission from the MSW management system was 696.14 kg CO2-eq. per tonne of MSW (≈1.665 million tonnes of CO2-eq. per year). The GHG emission data of this study may be useful to policymakers for making effective climate change mitigation policies.

Performance of an anaerobic biofilm reactor through the application of different operational conditions

Inadequate management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and the energy crisis due to dependence on fossil fuels (carbon and hydrocarbons) are growing problems in Latin American countries such as Mexico. These problems are caused by various factors, including the lack of infrastructure and the limited development of technologies focused on addressing these areas. In Mexico, between 37.55 and 43.84 million tons of MSW are generated annually, while 5,896 PJ of fossil fuels are produced in the same period, contributing strongly to environmental pollution due to inadequate management and procurement-use processes respectively. In order to mitigate these problems, it is necessary to propose dual-purpose strategies, such as anaerobic digestion, that can help in the treatment of the organic fraction of MSW (OFMSW) and at the same time producing biogas as a renewable energy source. For these reasons, the aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of an anaerobic biofilm reactor through increases in the Organic Loading Rate (OLR) using the liquid fraction of the OFMSW as a substrate for biogas production. An anaerobic biofilm reactor called the Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor (AHR) was used to carry out this stud. The performance of the AHR in four stages applying different OLR values from 5 to 21 gCOD/L.d was analyzed. Anaerobic biofilm formation, pH, %COD and %solids removal, alkalinity, biogas production, and methane yield were evaluated. After 119 days of reactor operation, 93.45% colonization of the inverse fluidized bed, 85% total and soluble COD and removals greater than 80% for TS and VS, alkalinity less than 0.3, around 20 L of biogas per day with methane yields of 0.31 LCH4 at STP/gCODrem were obtained. The use of high OLR allows a larger volume of OFMSW liquid fraction to be treated producing a greater quantity of biogas with an excellent methane yield, thus demonstrating the high efficiency of the AHR.

Ghanaian inclination towards household waste segregation for sustainable waste management

Global sustainable development goals call for universal access to safely manage sanitation by 2030. Municipal solid waste separation and management is critical in Ghana as in other developing nations, yet Ghana generates about 12,710 tonnes of municipal solid waste per day, and the byelaws regarding waste management are seldom enforced. This paper investigated the willingness of Ghanaians to separate household solid waste for proper sustainable waste management. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire through an online survey for 30 days in June 2021 and responses from 1406 participants were analysed using SPSS v.26. The study found 92.2% of respondents (irrespective of educational status and dwelling unit type) agreeing to the assertion that existing waste separation and management practices contribute to environmental pollution. It also found that effort by authorities to manage waste was unsatisfactory. Further, 61% and 18% of respondents use refuse bins and plastic/polythene bags to temporarily store waste respectively while the rest used inappropriate storage receptacles. Only 41.8% of generated waste are collected and managed by waste management companies or through paid laborers yet some 65.3% preferred a door-to-door collection system. About 90.5% of respondents agreed that recycling household waste will drastically reduce pollution, 67.4% were aware of waste segregation and 72.1% were in favour of segregation if it was a requirement. Interestingly, the study established that educational status does not influence one's awareness of waste segregation (p-value =0.759), yet the educated class know that household waste can be recycled into other uses to reduce pollution (p-values (0.03, 0.025); Pearson R=6.99, 7.415). The study recommends awareness creation through public education and the provision of multiple waste bins to aid in waste separation

Design of a Fischer-Tropsch multi-tube reactor fitted in a container: A novel design approach for small scale applications

Small-scale Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) plants for waste or biomass to liquid applications are more appropriate than mega-scale FTS plants because of different drivers, including environmental protection, economic development, and social progress. A novel design approach for multi-tube reactors for small-scale FTS plants was proposed where the activity of the catalyst was varied so that when the reactor tubes are scaled up, the maximum temperature in the reactor tube never exceeds a set upper limit. When designing multi-tube reactors in conventional commercial FTS plants, typically a suitable catalyst is identified using experiments run in laboratory reactors. The laboratory data is scaled up, and the measured catalyst activity is used directly in the design; however, this could result in the maximum temperature in the catalyst bed exceeding the safe catalyst operating range. The new design method was demonstrated by designing a multi-tube reactor for a mobile FTS plant that can fit into a commercial container. The performance for reactor tubes of different diameters, including CO conversion and productivity, was firstly predicted using CFD simulations. Simulations were conducted at the same safety constraint for temperature rise in order to utilize the corresponding heat removal capabilities efficiently. Catalyst activity and space velocity were set as controllable parameters in each simulation to ensure that the maximum temperature in the catalyst bed would meet, but not exceed, the temperature rise limit. Thereafter the diameter of single tube was optimized for total productivity, under the same space limit of the multi-tube reactor and tube bundle arrangement of the multi-tube reactor. According to the simulation results, the designed multi-tube reactor can obtain a productivity of 15.3 kg/h at the conditions: tube diameter of 3/4’, SV of 300/h, and catalyst activity of 695% of that in the base case. In the optimized case, approximately 2.2 tons of municipal solid waste or 2.0 tons of wood chips per day will be consumed by the containerized FTS plant. • A tubular reactor design for small-scale Fischer-Tropsch applications was proposed. • Designing the reactor for a containerized plant was taken as example. • Selection of tube diameter and optimization of catalyst activity were integrated. • A limit for temperature rise was set for maximum heat removal of tube and safety. • Productivity for reactor with a given space was optimized by simulation.

A Review on Development of Municipal Solid Waste Re-Derived Fuel Pellets from Mixed Municipal Solid Waste Using Smart Machine

Abstract: Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSW) and devise cost effective system which may ensure adequate level of MSW services to cities, segregation, treatment and disposal of Solid waste in an environmentally acceptable manner The wastes generated are either dumped in lands or find their way to the water bodies. This results in severe land, waste and air pollution. Our country generates thousand tons of municipal solid waste daily. So we have huge potential of energy generation from waste. Many countries are suffering from waste disposal problems and fuel shortages. To solve both waste and energy problems simultaneously, the refuse derived fuel (RDF) approach has been utilized in many countries. The purpose of study is to evaluate the energy potential of the RDF obtained from utilizing processed solid waste generated from the smart Dross Machine.

MSW Management and Best Suitable Option Virtually Waste to Energy Plant for Resource and Energy Recovery for Bhopal (M.P.) India

While most of the focus in waste management in on municipal solid waste management, it is important to note that MSW is but a small fraction of the total amount of waste generated in the India. The municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 which is the major rules that governs Solid Waste Management in India. In out Country we generated some 1,00,000 MT tons of Municipal solid waste generated daily in my country. Even through MSW in dwarfed in size (and environmental impact) by other sectors, it should be that industrial waste is created in the process of providing us with the materials things that ultimately end up in our trash. Consuming less therefore saves not only the waste that would have ended up in the municipal waste stream but it also reduces the energy, materials and waste associated with providing those items that we may be able to live without cleanly, attention needs to be directed not just at the management of consumer waste but at the completed set of processes that result in the products our society seems to demand.

Electricity Generation from Municipal Solid Waste in Nigeria: A Prospective LCA Study

Diverse opportunities and environmental impacts could occur from a potential move towards waste-to-energy (WtE) systems for electricity generation from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Lagos and Abuja, Nigeria. Given this, the purpose of this study is to use life cycle assessment (LCA) as a primary analytical approach in order to undertake a comparative analysis from an environmental impact perspective of different WtE scenarios, along with diesel backup generators (DBGs) and grid electricity. A functional unit of 1 kilowatt-hour of electricity produced was used in assessing the following environmental impact categories: abiotic depletion (fossil fuels) potential (ADP), global warming potential (GWP 100a), human toxicity potential (HTP), photochemical oxidation potential (POCP), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP). The overall result indicated that anaerobic digestion (AD) had the highest energy generated per one tonne of MSW processed for both Lagos (683 kWh/t) and Abuja (667 kWh/t), while landfill gas to energy (LFGTE) had the lowest for both (Lagos 171 kWh/t, Abuja 135 kWh/t). AD also had the lowest environmental impacts amongst the four WtE systems for both cities based on all the impact categories except for POCP. In contrast, LFGTE had the highest impact in all the categories except ADP and HTP. Extending the analysis to include diesel-based generators (DBG) and grid electricity saw the DBGs having the highest impact overall in ADP (14.1 MJ), HTP (0.0732 Kg, 1.4 DB eq), AP (0.0129 Kg SO2 eq), and EP (0.00313 Kg PO4 eq) and grid electricity having the lowest impact in GWP (0.497 Kg CO2 eq), AP (0.000296 Kg SO2 eq), and EP (0.000061 Kg PO4 eq). It was concluded that additional electricity supply from AD to the grid, with its potential to reduce the reliance on DBGs (worst scenario overall), would be a positive action in environmental impact terms.

Challenges and Priorities of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Cambodia

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the utmost challenges for Cambodia’s city and district centers. The unsound management of MSW has detrimentally affected the environment and human health. In the present study, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive insight into the generation and characteristics, policies and legislation frameworks, management arrangement, collection, treatment, and disposal of MSW. The experience of developed and developing countries and the challenges and priorities of MSW management in Cambodia are also highlighted. In Cambodia, about 4.78 million tons of MSW were generated in 2020, with a 0.78 kg/capita/day generation rate. Only 86% of cities and districts have access to MSW collection services. The current practice of MSW management is reliance on landfill (44%). There are 164 landfills operating countrywide, receiving about 5749 tons of MSW per day. Recycling, incineration, and composting share 4%, 4%, and 2% of MSW generation, respectively. In 2021, the total revenue that was recovered from recyclables was USD 56M. The study concludes several major challenges and proposes valuable suggestions, which may be beneficial for the improvement of the current system to support the sustainable management of MSW in Cambodia.

Evaluating Food Packaging Waste in Schools: A Systematic Literature Review.

Public schools in the U.S. generate about 14,500 tons of municipal solid waste daily, and approximately 42% of that is food packaging generated by school foodservice, contributing significantly to the global packaging waste crisis. This literature review summarizes methods used to evaluate food packaging waste in school foodservice. This review has two objectives: first, to understand which methodologies currently exist to evaluate food packaging waste generation and disposal in school foodservice; and second, to describe the creation of and share a practical standardized instrument to evaluate food packaging waste generation and disposal in school foodservice. A systematic review was conducted using the following search terms: solid waste, school, cafeteria and food packaging, waste, and school. The final review included 24 studies conducted in school environments (kindergarten through twelfth grade or college/university), 16 of which took place in the U.S. Food packaging waste evaluations included objective methods of waste audits, models, and secondary data as well as subjective methods of qualitative observations, questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. Large variation exists in the settings, participants, designs, and methodologies for evaluating school foodservice packaging waste. Lack of standardization was observed even within each methodology (e.g., waste audit). A new instrument is proposed to support comprehensive and replicable data collection, to further the understanding of school foodservice food packaging waste in the U.S., and to reduce environmental harms.

The potential of energy recovery from municipal solid waste in Kampala City, Uganda by incineration

• Techno-economic study of energy recovery from MSW in Kampala by incineration was done. • Characterization of the MSW was conducted. • A MSW incineration plant was designed and simulated. • The plant can produce 774 kWh of electricity per ton of MSW. • The NPV was USD 34 million, project IRR of 12.9 %, and a payback period of 6 years. With the increasing urbanization, global generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is expected to increase to 3.4 billion tons by 2050. Annually, 1.9 billion tons of MSW is generated with each person contributing 218 kg of MSW to this projected grand total. In Kampala, the annual MSW collection exceeds 350,000 tons which is disposed at the city’s landfill which has exceeded its capacity. This has side effects including environmental contamination, methane gas generation promoting global warming, and labour issues. No research has been conducted towards assessing the potential of energy recovery from the city’s MSW by incineration. In this paper, the techno-economic assessment of energy recovery from MSW in Kampala city using incineration was done. Waste data was collected through sampling upon delivery at the landfill. Chemical composition of the waste was determined by proximate analysis and calculation of the elemental composition followed by determination of the calorific value. A MSW incineration plant was designed based on a mass burn incineration. The design parameters were determined using thermodynamic equations and Peng Robison’s equations of state. Simulation was done using Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys, for a plant combusting 220,000 tons per annum of MSW at a feed rate of 27 tons of MSW per hour. The economic analysis was done assuming that the project was a Public Private Partnership debt financed by 75 % with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 5 % margin over a term of 15 years. Results showed that the composition of the waste was largely organic with an 80% composition. The Lower Heating Value was 6.12 MJ/kg with a moisture content of 25%. The elemental composition was 43.47% Carbon, 5.52% Hydrogen, and 41% Oxygen with absence of Nitrogen and Sulfur. The ash content was reported at 6.65 %. From the simulations, the plant is capable of exporting 774 kWh of electricity per ton of MSW to the national grid, capable of powering 1,062 medium income households in Uganda. A capital investment of USD157 million with the sale of electricity and a gate fee as the sources of revenue for a project running for 25 years was considered. The resulting Net Present Value was USD 30 million with a project Internal Rate of Return of 12.6 % and a payback period of 6 years. Thus, the present study demonstrates the possibilities to increase the adoption and use of renewable and clean energy, prioritise energy efficiency, and biodiversity for a green and sustainable Kampala city. Moreover, the results provide immediate technical information for policy makers and potential investors in the development of waste to energy projects in Uganda.