Ton Of Feed Research Articles

Influence of a new saponite-containing feed additive on the productive qualities of broiler chickens

The article presents the results of the study on the introduction of a saponite-containing mineral feed additive of natural origin into the diet of ROSS-308 broiler chickens in the amount of 1, 3 and 5 kg per ton of feed. An increase in the average daily gain by 3.7; 4.3 and 4.4 g, respectively, and in the absolute gain by 154.7; 174.9 and 181.3 g in the period from 1 to 42 days of age was found. At the time of slaughter, the live weight of chickens in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups significantly exceeded the control: by 174.6 (6.3%; P ≤ 0.001) and 154.6 g (5.6%; P ≤ 0.001). The survival rate of the experimental group chickens was 6.7% higher. In the blood of chickens from experimental groups 1–3, compared with the control analogs, an increase in total protein by 1.5; 2.2 and 2.1 g/l, calcium by 0.28; 0.21 and 0.29 mmol/l, phosphorus by 0.3; 0.43 and 0.42 mmol/l was recorded. A conclusion was made about an increase in the economic and biological indicators of broiler chickens when adding a saponite-containing mineral supplement to the diet, due to the enrichment of the compound feed with minerals and the high sorption capacity of the above-mentioned supplement, while the best effect was achieved when including it in the feed in the amount of 3 kg per ton.

Study of special adaptation mechanisms and morphological regularities of broiler chickens against the background of pharmacological prevention combined pre-slaughter, heat and transport stress in industrial poultry farming

The study was conducted to investigate the adaptation mechanisms of broiler chickens against the background of pharmacological prevention which includes combined pre-slaughter, heat and transport stress in industrial poultry farming. In summer, from clinically healthy Ross 308 chickens three groups of 95648 ± 931 chickens were formed on the principle of analogy. The first group was a control group and it was fed with complete feed. The second group was the first experimental group and it was fed with complete feed which included the anti-stress supplementary feed PIK-antistress at a dose of 1270 g per 1 ton of feed 5 days before slaughter. The third group was the second experimental group and it was fed with the anti-stress supplementary feed PIK-antistress which included L-carnitine at a dose of 1700 g per 1 ton of feed 5 days before slaughter. 38 days later broiler chickens were slaughtered. 3 main periods were commonly studied: the period after fasting, the period after transporting the chickens to the slaughter site and the period just before slaughter. Adaptation processes were developing during the slaughter of broiler chickens in summer. The processes are characterized by increasing the level of the ratio of heterophils to blood lymphocytes on average 2.8 times. The use of the complex food additive PIK-antistress and PIK-antistress in combination with L-carnitine can reduce the activity of stress-implementing mechanisms and increase the survivability of chickens by 3.20 and 4.58 %, respectively and the European productivity index by 32 and 45 units. All the data obtained are consistent with the morphometric studies of the adrenal glands while against the background of the use of anti-stress prophylaxis an increase of core area was noted by 43.0 % and 36.0 % and respectively against the background of a decrease of the area of the cytoplasm of the cortical cords by 11.2 % and 22.8 %, respectively, which indicates stabilization of metabolic processes in the cell.

Evaluation of Black Pepper, Tumeric, Corriander and Their Blend as Supplementary Phytoadditives on Growth Performance and Meat Sensory Assessment of Broiler Chickens

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of black pepper, tumeric, corriander and their blend as supplementary phytoadditives in dosage 1 kg per ton of feed on the growth performance and meat sensory assessment of broiler chickens. A total of three hundred (300) day-old broiler chicks were used for the study. At the starter phase, the chicks were weighed at day old and randomly assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water was provided ad libitum during the trial period. The birds were weighed at the beginning of the trial and weekly thereafter. Weight gain, feed intake, left over feeds were measured and recorded, feed conversion ratio and feed cost per kilogramme weight gain were calculated and mortality rate recorded as they occurred. Medication and vaccine administration was carried out as required. Performance parameters calculated include feed intake, weight gain, feed to gain ratio, feed cost per kilogram gain and mortality. For the finisher phase, one hundred and five four weeks old chicks were allotted to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were replicated three times with fifteen chicks per replicate. Performance parameters measured were the same as for the starter phase. The experimental study lasted seven weeks. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS (2008), while the significant differences between treatment means were separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test at a 5% level of significance. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in final weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, feed cost per gain and mortality. Birds fed corriander supplemented diet (T4) had significantly (p<0.05) higher final weight, weight gain and least cost of production which were at par with birds fed black pepper supplemented diet (T2). The least performance was observed for birds fed black pepper, tumeric and corriander ..........

Эффективность использования новой кормовой добавки на основе органических кислот при выращивании цыплят-бройлеров

Purpose. Studying the effectiveness of using feed additive "Aciform" when included in the diet of broiler chickens. Materials and Methods. The objects of research were broiler chickens of Cobb-500 cross and feed additive "Aciform". The experiment was carried out in the conditions of the farm of Krest'yanskiy Dvor LLC (Volgograd region). Three groups (two experimental and control) were formed, 140 animals each. The poultry in the control group received feed that did not contain the studied feed additive. Norm for adding additive was 1 kg per 1 ton of feed in the 1st experimental group and 2 kg per 1 ton of feed in the 2nd experimental group. The duration of feeding is from 14 days to 42 days of age. During the experiment, the safety of poultry, the percentage of mortality and pecking, as well as the dynamics of live weight gain and the occurrence of possible side effects when using the feed additive were monitored using standard scientific research methods (zootechnical, mathematical) and certified laboratory equipment. Results. The use of new feed additive "Aciform" in feeding broiler chickens from 14 to 42 days of age at an input rate of 1 and 2 kg per 1 ton of feed had a positive effect on the increase in live weight of chickens. The chickens of experimental groups (1 and 2) exceeded poultry of control group in terms of the average daily gain in live weight by 1.0 and 2.9% (P≤0.05) for the entire experimental period, in terms of absolute increase on the 42nd day of growing – by 1.0 and 2.1%. The incidence of pecking in poultry of experimental groups (1 and 2) was 2.9 and 1.8%, and in the control group – 2.1%. In the groups of broiler chickens that received the test additive as part of the diet (1st and 2nd experimental), there were fewer dead poultry by 2.9 and 3.4%, and the survival rate was higher by 2.9 and 3.8% than in control group. Conclusion. The inclusion of new feed additive "Aciform" in the diet of broiler chickens had a positive effect on the safety, growth rate and productive qualities of the poultry.

Пути реализации генетического потенциала пород и кроссов птицы на основе использования новых видов кормовых средств

Purpose. Work out ways to realize the genetic potential of breeds and crosses of poultry of meat and egg directions of productivity based on the use of new types of feed products, taking into account the analysis of the dynamics of the microbiome at the level of taxonomic types of microorganisms. Materials and Methods. Studies on the inclusion of prebiotic feed additive "Laktuvet" and mineral feed additive "Saponit" were conducted in the conditions of the SS "Svetly" of the CJSC "Agrofirma "Vostok" of the Volgograd Region on "Hysex Brown" cross laying hens. Scientific experiment on the effect of the additive "Quercetinolact" on the growth and development of meat chickens was conducted on broilers of "Ross-308" cross in the vivarium of VRIMMP. Zootechnical, clinical and biochemical research methods were used in the research work. Hematological studies were carried out in certified laboratory on automatic biochemical analyzers using an appropriate set of biochemical reagents. The obtained results were processed using software, calculating the mean value (M), standard errors of the mean (±SEM) and determining the reliability criterion of difference according to Student-Fisher. Results. Adding the prebiotic feed additive "Laktuvet" to the feed of laying hens in an amount of 0.5% in the diet structure contributed to an increase in the gross collection of eggs and the intensity of egg laying by 1.84 (85 eggs) and 1.74%, egg weight – by 1.17 g (1.86%; P≤0.001) due to an increase in the number of microorganisms by 22.9%. Among them, the number of bacteria of Actinobacteria, Lactobacillales and Ruminococcaceae groups increased by 9.0; 1.8 and 1.4 times compared to the control, respectively. Taking into account the data obtained, new feed additive “Quercetinolact” was tested in feeding broiler chickens of Ross-308 cross. Chickens that received Quercetinolact additive exceeded their counterparts in control group in live weight by 4.13 (P≤0.001); 5.19 (P≤0.001) and 5.48% (P≤0.001), which in absolute terms amounted to 108.1; 136.1 and 142.8 g. In terms of meat yield in live weight, the superiority amounted to 3.07; 3.65 and 3.82%, respectively, feed savings per 1 kg of gain 3.66; 6.10 and 6.71%. Mineral feed additive "Saponit" in feeding laying hens in the amount of 1 and 3 kg per ton of feed contributed to an increase in egg productivity by 1.58 and 2.37%, respectively, egg laying intensity – by 1.20 and 2.01%, and gross yield eggs – 90 (1.18%) and 150 pcs. (1.97%), egg weight – by 1.16 and 1.49%. Conclusion. The use of natural mineral complexes and prebiotic feed additives in the diets of chickens of egg and meat breeds and crosses in order to realize the genetic potential and taking into account the analysis of microbiome dynamics at the level of taxonomic types of microorganisms is advisable.

Эффективность применения новой кормовой добавки в рационах цыплят-бройлеров

Purpose. Study the effectiveness of using Lecitomix feed additive in feeding broiler chickens throughout the entire technological cycle of keeping. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted on day-old broiler chickens of both sexes of Cobb-500 cross in the conditions of poultry farming in the Volgograd region. The duration of the experiment was 42 days. Experimental chickens in the amount of 387 heads were divided into 2 experimental and 1 control groups. In each of the experimental groups, Lecitomix feed additive was fed to the chickens as part of the feed mixture daily: 250 g (experimental group 1) and 500 g (experimental group 2) per 1 ton of feed. The poultry in the control group received feed that did not contain the studied feed additive. Weighing (10 animals from each experimental group) was carried out on the first day, on 21 and 42 days in order to assess the dynamics of broiler chickens live weight. Blood sampling was carried out on 42nd day of the experiment and its clinical and biochemical analysis was carried out to monitor physiological state of the experimental poultry. Generally accepted methods of zootechnical, morphological, biochemical, mathematical analysis and corresponding laboratory equipment, including URIT-3020 Vet Plus and URIT-800 Vet analyzers (China), were used in setting up the experiment and conducting scientific research. Results. Chickens of 1st and 2nd experimental groups exceeded poultry of control group for the entire experimental period in terms of average daily and absolute gains of live weight by 2.5 and 2.8%; amount of hemoglobin in the blood – by 4.0 (P≤0.05) and 4.4% (P≤0.05), erythrocytes – by 8.3 (P≤0.05) and 9.9% (P≤0.05); safety of poultry population – by 2.4 and 3.1%; digestibility of dry matter – by 1.7 and 2.9% (Р≤0.05), organic matter – by 3.1 (Р≤0.05) and 4.7% (Р≤0.001), crude protein – by 3.1 (Р≤0.001) and 5.0% (Р≤0.001), crude fat – by 2.6 (Р≤0.01) and 4,4% (Р≤0.001), crude fiber – by 12.0 (Р≤0.001) and 14.8% (Р≤0.001), nitrogen-free extractives – by 1.2 and 2.1%. Pecking incidents in experimental groups 1 and 2 of experimental broilers were lower than control chickens by 1.5 and 2.3%. Conclusion. The feasibility of using Lecitomix feed additive in industrial poultry farming to normalize metabolism, increase digestibility of diet nutrients, increase live weight and safety of broiler chickens has been confirmed.

Precision glycan supplementation: A strategy to improve performance and intestinal health of laying hens in high-stress commercial environments.

In the dynamic world of animal production, many challenges arise in disease control, animal welfareand the need to meet antibiotic-free demands. Emerging diseases have a significant impact on the poultry industry. Managing gut microbiota is an important determinant of poultry health and performance. Introducing precision glycans as feed additives adds another dimension to this complex environment. The glycans play pivotal roles in supporting gut health and immunological processes and are likely to limit antibiotic usage while enhancing intestinal well-being and overall poultry performance. This study explores precision glycan product as a feed additive supplemented at a continuous dose of 900 gper tonne of feed, in a free-range production system on a large commercial farm. Forty thousand 17-week-old pullets were randomly allocated to one of two separated sections of the production shed, with individual silos and egg-collecting belts. The flock performance, gut microbiota and its functionality were analysed throughout the laying cycle until 72 weeks of age. The results demonstrated that introducing precision glycans improved a range of performance indicators, including reduced cumulative mortality, especially during a major smothering event, where the birds pile up until they suffocate. There was also significantly increased hen-housed egg production, reduced gut dysbiosis score and undigested feed, increased number of goblet cells and improved feed conversion ratio. Additionally, microbiota analysis revealed significant changes in the composition of the gizzard, ileum content, ileum mucosa, and caecal and cloacal regions. Overall, the findings suggest that precision glycans have the potential to enhance poultry egg production in challenging farming environments.

Immunobiological status of the organism of young pigs during their triphasic period cultivation and actions of corrective factors

The problem of the impact and consequences of technological stress is accompanied by several reactions that do not always have a positive effect on the animal's body. The work aimed to investigate the dynamics of indicators of the immunobiological status of piglets during their three-phase rearing and the use of immunostimulating agents Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start. Parallel studies were conducted based on the private farm “Meat Resources” LLC of the Lviv region of the Starosambir district, which practices three-phase pig breeding. The experiment involved 36 analog piglets and hybrids of Landrace and Great White breeds, which were formed into 3 groups of 12 animals each. Piglets of the control group were fed the standard ration provided by the technology. During the first three days of life, newborn piglets of the first experimental group were given 2 ml/gal of liquid Globigen®Pig Doser. The piglets of the second experimental group were given a powdered dry product Globigen®Jump Start, which was added to the main diet at 0.2 % per ton of feed. It was established that the use of means with an immunostimulating effect was accompanied by a decrease in the content of Ig M in the blood samples of experimental groups of piglets. Thus, in the blood serum of 30-day-old piglets under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser with a high level of probability (Р < 0.02), a decrease in the content of this class of antibodies was found to the level of 1.59 mg/ml, and under the influence of Globigen® Jump Start the content in the blood serum of 60-day-old piglets, having reached the lowest value, was 2.08 mg/ml. The positive effect of immunostimulating agents, which was characterized by an increase in the amount of Ig G, was found in experimental groups of pigs at the age of 60 days: 17.10 mg/ml for the effects of Globigen® Pig Doser and 17.08 mg/ml for the impact of Globigen® Jump Start. The highest content of Ig A with high probability (P < 0.001) was found in blood samples of animals that were given Globigen® Jump Start – 3.45 mg/ml and 3.86 mg/ml under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser. The practicality and effectiveness of the use of means with immunostimulating properties, the main active ingredient of which is the immunoglobulin of a chicken egg, is explained by the ability to influence the pathogenesis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which arise as a result of weakening the resistance of the animal body under the influence of a large number of technological stresses. Research data prove that the specificity of the action of Ig Y has a positive effect on the preservation of the integrity of the villi of the intestinal mucosa, which is reflected by the strengthening of its protective and barrier function, which in general contributes to the increase in the percentage of animal survival: using Globigen®Pig Doser 80.0 % and 86.7 % using Globigen®Jump Start. Based on such results, it can be asserted that the use of Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start for three-phase pig farming is scientifically justified and economically feasible.

44 Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of mannanase on intestinal health and growth of newly weaned pigs fed a low-cost formulated diet

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the nutritional and functional roles of mannanase on the intestinal health and growth of newly weaned pigs fed a typical or low-cost formulated diet reducing the inclusion of highly digestible protein ingredients. Twenty-four newly weaned pigs at 6.2 ± 0.5 kg initial body weight (BW) were allotted to three dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design with sex and BW as blocks. Pigs were fed for 37 d in three phases (P1, P2, and P3) and weighed at the end of each phase. Low-cost formulation was achieved by reducing the use of animal protein (fish meal, poultry meal, and blood plasma) and processed soybean meal whereas increasing the use of soybean meal from 13% in typical diets to 28% in P1, from 15% to 32% in P2, and 20.5% to 35% in P3. Treatments were 1) control diet (CON, typical nursery feed), 2) low-cost formulated diet (LCD), and 3) LCD + mannanase inclusion (0 vs. 100 g/t of Natupulse, BASF, providing 800 Thermostable Mannanase Unit, TMU, per ton of feed). On d 37 of feeding, all pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosal tissues were taken to analyze intestinal health parameters, and gene expression of tight junction proteins and mucins. Pigs fed LCD had reduced (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the overall period and increased (P < 0.05) fecal score during P3. The LCD decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde and the gene expression of Zona occludens-1 (ZO-) in the jejunum and increased (P < 0.05) serum insulin. The inclusion of mannanase in LCD tended to increase (P = 0.059) BW at d 37, increased (P < 0.05) ADFI during P1, increased (P < 0.05) ADG and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the overall period, reduced (P < 0.05) fecal score during the overall period, and decreased (P < 0.05) the viscosity of jejunal digesta. However, no effects were observed on intestinal immune response at d 37. In conclusion, feeding LCD negatively affected growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs. The inclusion of mannanase to the LCD (800 TMU/t feed) mitigated the negative effects of lowering feed quality observed in growth performance by reducing digesta viscosity and fecal score.

Minimizing total annualized cost per tonne of feed processed of a semicontinuous distillation process utilizing data-driven model predictive control

Semicontinuous distillation is a separation technique used to purify multicomponent mixtures with low to medium throughput. This research addresses the problem of designing a Data-driven Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach that enables minimizing the Total Annualized Cost (TAC) of the semicontinuous process per tonne of feed processed while maintaining the required product purity. In lieu of typically unavailable first principles models, the manuscript demonstrates the implementation of data-driven technique using data collected from an Aspen Plus Dynamics simulation as a test bed. A subspace model identification technique is adapted to develop a multi-model framework to capture the dynamic behavior of the process and then utilized within a Shrinking Horizon MPC (SHMPC) scheme, to achieve the required objective. The simulation results demonstrate a lowering of the TAC/tonne of feed by 11.4% compared to the traditional PI setup used in the previous studies.

Climatic Conditions Influence the Nutritive Value of Wheat as a Feedstuff for Broiler Chickens

Forty wheat samples of ten wheat varieties harvested from optimal or late sowings in 2019 and 2020 were evaluated for nutrient composition. This included crude protein (CP), starch, amino acids, minerals, phytate-phosphorus (phytate-P) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). The objective was to investigate the impact of high temperature on wheat grain quality as a feedstuff for broiler chickens. Growth performance and economic impact of such changes were predicted by the Emmans, Fisher and Gous broiler growth model. On average, 2019 was 1 °C hotter than 2020 during the growing season (Narrabri, NSW 2390, Australia). The wheat harvested in 2019 had higher concentrations of CP, phytate-P, total P and calcium. In 2019, late sowing increased average protein concentrations from 166.6 to 190.2 g/kg, decreased starch concentration from 726 to 708 g/kg and increased total NSPs from 693 to 73.9 g/kg. Unlike the 2019 harvest, the late sowing in 2020 had no impact on CP concentrations in almost all wheat varieties. The 2019 varieties had higher concentrations of 16 assessed amino acids (p < 0.001) compared to the 2020 harvest. The largest difference was in lysine (19.2%), and the smallest difference was in proline (11.1%). It was predicted that broiler diets formulated from 2019 wheat varieties would have better efficiency of feed conversion with an advantage of 2.53% (1.539 versus 1.579) than 2020 varieties to 35 days post-hatch. This would translate to a cost saving of approximately AUD 16.45 per tonne of feed, much of which would represent additional profit.

Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing high-quality cassava peel

Performance, carcass characteristics and cost benefit of broiler chickens fed diets containing high-quality cassava peel (HQCP) were investigated. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) Abor Acre strain of broiler chicks were purchased and raised at the Teaching and Research Farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State. Feeding trial were conducted to evaluate the effect of diets containing varying levels of high-quality cassava peel (HQCP) fine mash on broilers’ performance, carcass characteristics, and cost benefit. The birds were acclimatized for three weeks using commercial diets after which they were randomly assigned to four treatment groups; (Diet 1- 0 kg of HQCP, Diet 2- 10 kg of HQCP, Diet 3- 15 kg of HQCP and Diet 4- 20 kg of HQCP per ton of feed for 21 days. Each treatment was replicated into 3 with 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Data on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and feeding costs were collected and analyzed. The results showed significant (P<0.05) differences in final live weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), dressing percentage, total feed cost, and feed cost per weight gain across the treatments. Diet 3 and Diet 4 produced birds with the highest live weights of 1.53 and 1.46 kg, respectively. The dressing percentage ranged from 60.53% (Diet 3) - 69.51% (Diet 2). Diet 3 had the lowest total feed cost (N764.67 /kg) while Diet 4 had the lowest feed cost per body weight gain (N1017.79) with a saving cost of N378.35. It was concluded that the replacement of maize with 20 kg high-quality cassava peel (HQCP) in broiler finisher diets improved production performance and saved cost.

Изучение периода выведения флорфеникола и его метаболитов из организма поросят после применения препарата «Флорипрем 40»

Purpose. Determination of the period of elimination of residual amounts of florfenicol and its metabolites in the form of florfenicolamine from the organs and tissues of pigs after the use of the veterinary drug "Floriprem 40". Materials and Methods. The study of the period of elimination of residual amounts of the active substance of the drug was carried out on the basis of a pig-breeding complex in the Kaluga region. For research work, 21 animals (20 experimental, 1 control) were used at the age of 86 days with a body weight of 44-49 kg. The drug was given to piglets during 7 days in a group method in a mixture with compound feed at a dose of 5 kg of the drug per 1 ton of feed. The slaughter of animals (5 animals per term) was carried out 8, 12, 14, 16 days after the last administration of the drug. Samples of muscle tissue (right thigh), liver, kidneys and skin with subcutaneous and fatty cellulose were collected from each animal in individual bags. The content of florfenicol and its metabolites in the form of florfenicolamine in extracts of samples of organs and tissues of piglets was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography; residual amounts of florfenicol in organs and tissues of animals were determined using acid hydrolysis. The study was carried out using a Shimadzu LCMS-8050 chromatography-mass spectrometry system (Japan). Data analysis and processing were carried out using the Shimadzu LabSolutions software package (Realtime Analysis, Postrun Analysis, Quant Browser) v.5.99 SP2 (Japan). Results. The results of a study of the dynamics of excretion of residual amounts of florfenicol and its metabolites from organs and tissues of pigs showed that florfenicolamine accumulates mainly in the liver and kidneys; insignificant levels of florfenicolamine were found in the muscles of pigs. The data obtained indicate a high degree of adsorption of the active substance of the test drug into the organs and tissues of pigs and a long-term presence in the body. Florfenicol and its metabolites were not detected in skin tissues with subcutaneous fat of pigs. An assessment of the elimination time of florfenicol and its metabolites from the body of pigs, carried out using the WT1.4 program, showed that the elimination period of the active substance is: in the muscles – 5 days, in the liver – 14 days, in the kidneys – 10 days. Conclusion. Consumption of animal products obtained after a course of oral administration of the drug "Floriprem 40" in pigs does not pose a danger to human health 14 days after the end of the drug.

EFFECT OF FEEDING A PEAT FEED ADDITIVE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS

Abstract. Poultry farming represents a significant sector of agriculture, playing a crucial role in ensuring high-quality produce while efficiently utilizing feed resources. The industrial development of this sector aims to achieve high yields in egg and meat production through the utilization of high-productivity poultry hybrids. The success of this approach largely depends on providing poultry with optimal feed rations that consider their physiological needs and biological characteristics. Adequate feeding plays a crucial role in achieving maximum productivity and product quality. Therefore, the development and implementation of scientifically-based approaches to poultry feeding are important strategic tasks for further poultry farming development. In this research, the influence of adding peat to the diet on the productivity and quality of eggs from laying hens was studied. The experiment was conducted on an industrial poultry farm with Hy-Line Brown W-36 laying hens. Our study has revealed that the use of a peat-based feed additive in the diet of laying hens has a positive impact on various productivity aspects, such as poultry live weight, viability, and egg-laying frequency. The application of peat-based feed meal, ranging from 0.5 to 1.25 kg per ton of feed for laying hens, resulted in increased egg mass compared to the control group: egg mass in Experimental Group 1 increased by 2.60%, in Experimental Group 2 by 2.90%, in Experimental Group 3 by 3.18%, and in Experimental Group 4 by 1.41% (P≤0.95). Thus, the utilization of peat-based feed meal demonstrated a positive impact on poultry live weight, viability, egg mass, and overall egg production yield.

Efficiency of the complex mycotoxin adsorbent "Galluasorb" in combined mycotoxicosis of pigs

The paper presents the results of studying the efficiency of the method for preventing T-2, afla-, DON- and zearalenone toxicosis in pigs using the complex mycotoxin adsorbent “Galluasorb”. It is shown that as a result of including “Galluasorb” in pig feed, naturally contaminated with four mycotoxins at once, at the rate of 2.5 kg per ton of feed, a protective effect was observed, which was expressed in an increase in weight gain, feed consumption, a decrease in its conversion, normalization of the clinical status and morpho-biochemical blood parameters. Thus, on the 30th day of the experiment, the absolute increase in live weight in piglets receiving the main diet with mycotoxins with the addition of “Galluasorb” was 13.7 kg, while in piglets of the toxic control group - 11.8 kg. The average daily live weight gain per animal in the same groups was 456.7 g and 393.3 g, respectively. In the toxic control group, feed consumption was reduced by 7.4% compared to the group of animals receiving the main diet with mycotoxins with the addition of “Galluasorb”. A decrease in the feed conversion ratio was also noted in the preventive group. Thus, the use of the complex adsorbent had a protective effect in the natural contamination of feed in the T-2 farm with toxin, aflatoxin, DON and zearalenone. The developed adsorbent also opens up prospects for the use of the natural mineral halloysite in combination with an antioxidant, hepatoprotector and organic sorbent in pig farming.

The dynamics of the content of immunoglobulins in the blood serum of piglets according to the actions of immunostimulating agents

Inconsistency in housing and feeding conditions, production stress, a combination of environmental factors, and technological solutions reduce the protective properties of the animal body, which often leads to a decrease in their productive properties. The work aimed to investigate changes in indicators of the humoral protection factor, in particular, the quantitative composition of immunoglobulins M, G, and A in the body of young pigs under the influence of immunostimulating agents Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start, which include specific Ig Y. To perform this task in the conditions of the private farm of FG PE "Glynyany Agro" of Lviv region, Zolochiv district, which uses a single-phase method of raising pigs, a study was conducted with the involvement of 36 piglets-analogues of crossbreeds of the Great White and Landrace breeds, which were formed into three groups of 12 animals each. Piglets of the control group were fed feed of a standard diet. The piglets of the first experimental group were orally administered 2 ml/g of Globigen®Pig Doser during the first three days after birth. Then, according to the technology, they consumed the feed prescribed in the diet. The piglets of the second experimental group were given Globigen®Jump Start, which was mixed with the feed of the basic ration in the amount of 2 kg per ton of feed and, starting from the age of 7 days, was fed to the piglets according to the technology. It was established that the use of immunostimulating agents was characterized by an increase in Ig G and Ig A in the blood serum of piglets in the most critical period of their lives. Thus, in the blood serum of 30-day-old piglets under the influence of Globigen® Pig Doser, with a high level of probability (Р < 0.01), an increase of this class of antibodies to the level of 13.47 mg/ml was detected, with the use of Globigen® Jump Start, this indicator reached the mark 12.51 mg/ml. Since this period, colostral immunity, represented by placental immunoglobulins of class G and colostrum immunoglobulins of class A, is already exhausted; we assume that the formation of the body's immune response of young pigs has begun. We believe that the increase in the content of class A immunoglobulins, most likely the secretory form of the piglets themselves, when using Globigen® Jump Start, which reached the mark of 1.48 mg/ml, indicates the formation of immune resistance mechanisms. The effectiveness, specificity, and mechanism of action of these agents is based on the ability of their components, particularly Ig Y, to bind to pathogens or their fragments, to neutralize and safely remove them from the body, which helps to increase the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa. The obtained research results confirm the practicality of using Globigen® Pig Doser and Globigen® Jump Start immunostimulants during single-phase rearing of piglets to increase the level of non-specific resistance and obtain healthy young animals with a high level of viability.

Potential of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) Extract Nano Herbal as Immunomodulator and Phytogenic Feed Additive for Natural Growth Supporter on Spleenic Germinal Centre and Performance in Animal Model

The purpose of this study was to determine potential meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal as immunomodulator and phytogenic feed additive for natural growth supporter on spleenic germinal centre and performance of broiler chickens. The study started by conducting feed adaptation that was carried out when chickens aged 14 days to 21 days old by giving meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal to the treatment groups in stages as much as 250g, 500g to 1kg in 1 ton of feed. The treatment groups were then given meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal in concentrations 5% (T1), 10% (T2) and 20% (T3) through feed with a ratio of 1kg of meniran extract nano herbal: 1 ton of feed starting from chickens at 21 days to 35 days old. Histopathological examination of the spleen was carried out 5 fields of view each and observed in the form of the diameter of germinal center of spleenic white pulp with a magnification of 100X using a Nikon Eclipse microscope.Data that collected during treatment were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed that meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) nano herbal extract concentration of 5% resulted in the best performance. It showed higest splenic germinal centre,feed consumption, body weight, performance Indonesia and also lowest feed conversion ratio. In sum, we conclude that meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal as immunomodulator can increase immune system in broilers chicken

Mitigating the Environmental Impacts from Pig and Broiler Chicken Productions: Case Study on a Citrus Extract Feed Additive

The rapid expansion of the livestock production sector to meet the world population’s demand is posing a big challenge to environmental sustainability. Plant-based feed additives extracted from agro-food byproducts could potentially result in multiple outcomes: reducing food-processing wastes and improving animal growth performances, hence mitigating environmental impacts of meat production chains. This presented study was carried out to assess the environmental impacts of the use of a commercial citrus extract feed additive (CEFA) in swine and broiler chicken farming. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to assess the impact of manufacturing and distributing one 25 kg bag of CEFA and its use in feed in broiler chicken and swine productions. With regards to CEFA manufacturing and distribution, results showed that most of the impact came from the production of CEFA ingredients, accounting for 70% of the impact generated. The remaining 30% effect was divided between transportation to the customer (25%), CEFA packaging (3%), and CEFA manufacturing and production loss (2%). When enlarging the scope, the use of the CEFA in pigs and broilers’ diets was shown to improve the measured environmental indicators, compared to such standard systems. Indeed, CEFA-added feeds have demonstrated enhanced growth performances, hence reducing the required amount of consumed feed to achieve the same level of growth. Consequently, this helped reduce environmental issues from animal feed ingredients’ agriculture. To be more specific, the use of one 25 kg bag of CEFA in feed at 250 g per ton of feed led to a reduction of 6 tons of CO2 equivalent (CO2 eq) emitted along the life cycle of poultry production and 5 tons in the case of fattening pigs. The inclusion of this CEFA in the diet also led to a reduction in the land use footprint by 0.7 hectares and reductions in water consumption by 201 m3 and 82 m3 for broiler chicken and swine production, respectively. The environmental performance assessment thus showed the interest in using this CEFA in swine and broiler chicken diets to mitigate the environmental impacts.

Growth performance of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with amylase and protease enzymes individually or combined.

Feed additives that increase nutrient availability in feeds have gained a lot of interest. An experiment was conducted to determine whether amylase, protease, and their combined supplementation affected broiler performance. Two hundred eighty broiler chicks were selected and distributed randomly into 28 replicate pens with four treatment groups and seven replicates under a completely randomized design. A total of four diets were developed, having 0, 100, 100, and 100 + 100 g of control (AP0), amylase (A1), protease (P1), and amylase + protease (AP1)/ton of feed, respectively. Four replicates of each treatment were fed each diet. Each diet was randomly allotted to each group. Ad-libitum feeding was provided to the birds. The feeding program had starter and finisher diets. Upon completion of the experiment, three birds from each pen were slaughtered to analyze the carcass characteristics and organ weight. Differences were insignificant between 100 g/ton of amylase supplementation and FI, body weight gain (BWG), or feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p > 0.05). Supplementation with 10 0g/ton of protease did not significantly affect FI, BWG, and FCR (p > 0.05). Similarly, 100 + 100 g/ton of amylase + protease addition had no significant effect on FI, BWG, and FCR (p > 0.05). None of the treatments significantly affected carcass weight, abdominal fat percentage, dressing percentage, drumstick, wings, breast, and thigh weights (p > 0.05). In addition, there were no significant effects (p > 0.05) on the weight of the heart, liver, gizzard, and spleen. In conclusion, amylase, protease, and their combined supplementation at a rate of 100 g/ton of feed did not influence BWG, FI, FCR, carcass characteristics, or organ weight.

PSVI-16 Caps C2PG, a Blend of Spice Oleoresins, Can Substitute the Growth Promoting Effect of an Ionophore Feed Premix on Grow-Finish Pigs

Abstract Consumer demand is driving the swine industry to review the use of both antibiotic and ionophore-type antimicrobial agents in feed due to concerns of antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, when a feed mill is manufacturing feed for multiple species including those that are sensitive to ionophore contamination or toxicity such as horses, turkeys and game birds, additional vigilance is required which may deter use of ionophore-type antimicrobials in swine feed. Naturally, a large push has been toward the use of phytogenic additives that may also have some antimicrobial benefits. CAPS C2PG (Probiotech International Inc.) is a phytogenic feed additive comprised of a proprietary blend of spice oleoresins. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate CAPS C2PG as an alternative to the ionophore, salinomycin, in grow-finish pigs.Pigs (n = 1056 Improvest injected males) were housed in 48 pens distributed in 4 rooms (12 pens/room) of a compound building fully equipped with an automatic and computerized Gestal Feed system. Each pen (22 pigs/pen, with a starting density of 7.3 ft2/pig) was equipped with a single 2-space Crystal Spring feeder. During grow-finish (98.3 ± 0.6 days), pigs were allotted to three different treatments (16 repetitions/treatment): salinomycin (25 ppm; Sal.), CAPS C2PG (35 ppm; CAPS.), or a combination treatment (25 ppm Sal. + 35ppm CAPS C2PG; Sal. + CAPS.). Growth performances variables were measured with feed intake monitored per pen daily, and ADG assessed every 3 weeks based on pen weight. All dead or culled pigs were weighed upon removal. Data were analyzed by an ANOVA model (Statistix 8.0; Analytical Software, FL) including treatment and pen as fixed and random effects, respectively. Pairwise comparisons were completed with a Chi-square test. Results are presented in Table 1. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in any of the performance parameters measured throughout the grow-finish period. The lack of difference in performance variables of grow-finish pigs consuming Sal. versus CAPS. demonstrates the potential to substitute an antimicrobial ionophore-type with a phytogenic based on a blend of spice oleoresins. The lack of an additive effect of combining Sal. and CAPS. requires further investigation. With current CAD prices, 25 ppm of salinomycin are between CAD 1.75-2.00 per medicated tonne of feed, whereas 35 ppm of CAPS C2PG are about CAD 1.50 per supplemented tonne of feed. Thus, CAPS C2PG may be an economical and consumer-friendly option in grow-finish pig diets compared with salinomycin. Further research is warranted on the use of this product in other phases of pig production.