Tons Of Plastic Waste Research Articles

The Journey of Alternative and Sustainable Substitutes for “Single‐Use” Plastics

AbstractPlastics are excellent materials owing to their multipurpose uses. They are simple synthetic macromolecules with versatile properties. On the disposal front, nearly 90% of the plastic products are discarded only after a single use, which keeps accumulating, impacting both terrestrial and marine life. About 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic waste have accumulated worldwide from the time of the plastic revolution. Around 79% of plastic waste amasses in landfills every year, and 2.41 million tonnes of the waste enters oceans. The accumulation of this waste poses harmful threats to the environment and flora and fauna of land and aquatic habitats. To keep a check on the generation and collection of plastic waste, the utilization of alternative materials developed from biodegradable polymers as substitutes to plastics seems quite sound. The present perspective highlights single use plastic's (SUP) challenges and the importance of biodegradable polymers as possible substitutes to SUPs. The scope of different biodegradable polymers and their suitability for developing alternative materials to SUPs is discussed. In addition, the current market status of alternative materials produced from biodegradable polymers is described. Finally, a perspective on the future of biodegradable polymers as substitutes to plastics for envisaging a green world is outlined.

Application of material flow analysis for plastic waste management in the Republic of Korea

The indiscriminate use of plastics and careless management of plastic waste have caused serious environmental challenges globally. The Republic of Korea (ROK) aims to address the issue by reducing plastic waste generation by up to 50%, and increasing recycling rate by up to 70%, by 2030. To determine the status and future directions for plastic waste management in the ROK, the present study undertook two tasks: (i) a material flow analysis of plastic waste material from industrial sectors to assess the current status of plastic waste recycling and treatment, (ii) an analysis of the material flow of plastic waste based on the “Waste Classification Code.” According to the findings, 6.202 million metric tons of plastic waste were generated in 2018, out of which 69%, 25%, and 0.5% was recycled, incinerated, and landfilled, respectively. The recycling rate of synthetic resin waste, which accounts for 96% of synthetic waste polymers discharged in the industrial sector, was 69%, which is a very high rate. However, the closed-loop recycling rate was only 33%. Therefore, the system of management of synthetic resin waste discharge without classification of raw materials should be improved to increase the closed-loop recycling rate of synthetic waste polymers. Furthermore, to increase the closed-loop recycling rate, we suggest the subdivision of synthetic resin waste (51-03-01) in plastic waste classification to improve the discharge separation system, which has been mismanaged. Furthermore, we suggest the formulation of a new management strategy for plastic waste, in accordance with those of other hazardous substances, as regulated by the Waste Control Act.

Efficient Plastic Recycling and Remolding Circular Economy Using the Technology of Trust–Blockchain

Global plastic waste is increasing rapidly. In general, densely populated regions generate tons of plastic waste daily, which is sometimes disposed of on land or diverged to sea. Most of the plastics created in the form of waste have complex degradation behavior and are non-biodegradable by nature. These remain intact in the environment for a long time span and potentially originate complications within terrestrial and marine life ecosystems. The strategic management of plastic waste and recycling can preserve environmental species and associated costs. The key contribution in this work focuses on ongoing efforts to utilize plastic waste by introducing blockchain during plastic waste recycling. It is proposed that the efficiency of plastic recycling can be improved enormously by using the blockchain phenomenon. Automation for the segregation and collection of plastic waste can effectively establish a globally recognizable tool using blockchain-based applications. Collection and sorting of plastic recycling are feasible by keeping track of plastic with unique codes or digital badges throughout the supply chain. This approach can support a collaborative digital consortium for efficient plastic waste management, which can bring together multiple stakeholders, plastic manufacturers, government entities, retailers, suppliers, waste collectors, and recyclers.

Microplastics in Aquatic Environments: Sources, Ecotoxicity, Detection & Remediation

Microplastic pollutants are increasingly posing a significant threat of aquatic contamination and causing various adverse effects on the aquatic environment as well as human health. Microplastics are hazardous chemicals to marine and freshwater ecosystems; therefore, it is becoming a severe concern for ecology. Microplastics can also expose via drinking water and can be vulnerable to all living organisms. Microplastics work as carriers for various toxic components such as additives and other hazardous substances from industrial and urbanized areas. These microplastic contaminated effluents are ultimately transferred into water systems and directly ingested by organisms associated with a particular ecosystem. The microplastics components also pose an indirect threat to aquatic ecosystems by adsorbing surrounding other water pollutants. Due to the luxuriant discharge of billion tons of plastic waste from domestic to industrial level every year, degraded microplastics get accumulated in various aquatic systems, contaminate, and introduce into the food chain. This review mainly focuses on occurrence, factors influencing the release of microplastics into aquatic ecosystems, possible impact of these toxic micro-sized particles on human health and aquatic life. This study also briefly discusses removing microplastics from effluent and water systems using different advanced final-stage treatment technologies.

Production of Cost-Effective Biodegradable Straw

Every year 15,342 tons of plastic waste have been produced. Among these plastic wastes, the big junk of the waste is plastic straws which are used for just a few minutes and thrown away. To prevent the plastic pollution, we need to create proper awareness. In order to avoid the pollution by plastic straws, we planned to produce a Biodegradable straw which is chemical free and an eco-friendly product. The plastic straws are harmful to human health. Our Present study focuses to produce a Biodegradable straw using eco-friendly ingredients like banana peel, cinnamon, corn starch, honey, thyme leaves and vinegar. To replace these plastic straws the bioplastic film was naturally prepared from banana peel with some chemical free ingredients. According to the study of bioplastic, banana peel has the ability to produce bioplastic film which is best alternative of plastic use. Also, vinegar can degrade the starch. And study about cinnamon shows that cinnamon can prolong the shelf life of the bioplastic film and it banishes the smell of vinegar. The flexibility of the bioplastic film can be attained by the thyme leaves in addition it also has an antifungal property. Honey acts as a plasticizer to make the material softer and more flexible and also it has antimicrobial activity. An application of heat brings polymerization from these mixtures. Thus, the bio plastic replaces the petroleum-based plastic with something made from food waste or agricultural by-products.

Why Turkey should not import plastic waste pollution from developed countries?

Turkey became a major importer of global plastic waste after China banned plastic imports on January 1, 2018. Turkey imported only 261,864 tonnes of plastic waste annually before the ban, but annual imports increased to 772,831 tonnes by 2020. Turkey recently implemented restrictions on importing plastic waste (quotas, %1 contamination limit, banned mixed plastic waste imports), yet illegal dumping and burning is widely reported. Turkey ranks second in Europe and seventh worldwide for plastics production, yet current domestic waste management and recycling programs cannot handle domestic plastic waste generation. Roughly 90% of municipal solid waste produced in Turkey ends up in landfills. Plastic waste mismanagement results in plastic leakage into the Mediterranean Sea with Turkey contributing the highest share (16.8%) of European marine plastic pollution. With this latest import restriction, Turkey now has an opportunity to strengthen and improve its own domestic waste management infrastructure to reduce indiscriminate plastic marine pollution.

Microbial cell factories for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates.

Pollution caused by persistent petro-plastics is the most pressing problem currently, with 8 million tons of plastic waste dumped annually in the oceans. Plastic waste management is not systematized in many countries, because it is laborious and expensive with secondary pollution hazards. Bioplastics, synthesized by microorganisms, are viable alternatives to petrochemical-based thermoplastics due to their biodegradable nature. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a structurally and functionally diverse group of storage polymers synthesized by many microorganisms, including bacteria and Archaea. Some of the most important PHA accumulating bacteria include Cupriavidus necator, Burkholderia sacchari, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., recombinant Escherichia coli, and certain halophilic extremophiles. PHAs are synthesized by specialized PHA polymerases with assorted monomers derived from the cellular metabolite pool. In the natural cycle of cellular growth, PHAs are depolymerized by the native host for carbon and energy. The presence of these microbial PHA depolymerases in natural niches is responsible for the degradation of bioplastics. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the most common PHA with desirable thermoplastic-like properties. PHAs have widespread applications in various industries including biomedicine, fine chemicals production, drug delivery, packaging, and agriculture. This review provides the updated knowledge on the metabolic pathways for PHAs synthesis in bacteria, and the major microbial hosts for PHAs production. Yeasts are presented as a potential candidate for industrial PHAs production, with their high amenability to genetic engineering and the availability of industrial-scale technology. The major bottlenecks in the commercialization of PHAs as an alternative for plastics and future perspectives are also critically discussed.

Management of Marine Plastic Waste Generated from Land-based Sources in Viet Nam: Problems, Constraints, and Solutions

Viet Nam is ranked No 5 in global plastic waste contribution to the marine environment. The long coastline in Viet Nam provides a livelihood for millions of households as well as food security for the whole country. The use of plastics per capita increased nearly elevenfold, from 3.8 kg/person in 1990 to 41 kg/person in 2015. The two highly populated cities (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City) alone generate 80 tonnes of plastic waste every day. Landfilling is the primary treatment method of solid waste while recycling is still limited. Tax for plastic bags exists, but implementation is not efficient. Application of Extended Producer Responsibility still faces many constraints. Regular monitoring and data collection related to the status of marine plastic waste pollution are inadequate. Moving forward Viet Nam needs to focus on a number of issues including strengthening the legislation, raising awareness, promoting research on innovative recycling technologies, and promoting international cooperation. This paper investigates current issues, challenges, and constraints in managing plastic waste in Viet Nam and makes recommendations for improvement. The paper utilises an unsystematic narrative overview as the research method.

Validation of the Application of the Pyrolysis Process for the Treatment and Transformation of Municipal Plastic Wastes

Only around 30 % of the 27.1 million tonnes of plastic waste recovered annually in Europe is being recycled efficiently into new products. The most common way to recycle plastics nowadays is through mechanical recycling methods that involve sorting plastics by type, melting them and reprocessing into recycled products. Mechanical recycling requires clean, high-purity mono-material streams, that must be obtained by separation at source (by the citizen or industry) or by manual or automated sorting of mixed waste streams. However, this degree of separation is very difficult or even impossible due to composition or contamination of the plastic waste, such is the case for example of complex materials like composites, made of more than one material that in most cases cannot be separated, and of highly contaminated plastic residues (e.g. food packaging). In economic terms, plastic recycling is not always cost-efficient since many times recycling costs are not covered by the prices of the recycled plastics. As a result, approximately 70 % of European plastic waste is not recycled due to technical or economic reasons, so, they are sent to landfill or to incineration. One of the possible solutions to deal with this type of plastic wastes is the pyrolysis process which allows taking profit of plastics organic matter and tolerates a certain degree of contamination. Pyrolysis products have good quality. Gases have high calorific value and liquids have high energetic content and stability characteristics, including well-defined distillation point, stability of physical properties, low acidity, and high miscibility with conventional fuels. However, products obtained by plastic waste pyrolysis depend on the operational conditions and are strongly affected by the type of plastic waste used. The main purpose of this study is to validate the application of the pyrolysis process for treatment and transformation of plastic mix (essentially derived from MSW and from end-of-life composites) into mainly profitable liquids, together with gases and solid by using thermal (or catalytic) pyrolysis. The raw materials studied were waste streams from municipal solid waste (MSW), containing mainly plastic (i.e. PE, PP, PS, and small amounts of PET and PVC) separated from organic waste pool, as well as end-of-life composites (i.e. packages, electrical wastes, vehicles, etc.). After sorting of these waste materials, plastic fractions of different composition were processed in the pyrolysis reactor. The pyrolysis experiments were carried out in batch 5.5 L reactor using different mixtures, operational conditions and catalysts. All gaseous hydrocarbons produced were measured and collected for direct analysis by gas chromatography (GC), whilst liquid hydrocarbons were distilled and solids were extracted with hexane. Liquid fractions were analysed using a GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) to identify their main compounds, which were quantified by GC. The experimental results obtained showed that, for instance, the use of polystyrene favoured highly the formation of aromatic compounds, mainly toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, while in presence of polyethylene the hydrocarbons produced are mainly paraffins. Also, the presence of PS, PET and PVC increases the solid content, decreasing the liquid yield.

Study of Utilization Plastic Waste as Basic Material for Boat Manufacturing Using Eco-green Design Concept

The plastic waste problem has become a global problem and the effect on the environment is horrible.Almost all countries make an effort to reduce their daily utilization. Environmental organizations and researchers are also performing research to find ways to recycle plastic waste. In this paper introduces the “Eco-green Design Concept” to utilize plastic waste (type 2) as fishing boat material. This concept will recycle 3 tonnes of plastic waste into the material of a fishing boat. In addition, the implementation element of eco-green design concept (design quality (D), Environmental Friendly (E), Eco-green Material (G)) into the design of fishing vessels has been successful. The concept does not only utilize type 2 plastic waste into the hull of the ship, but the design of the ship is made to have small resistance, good stability and has a large cargo area. And also has a machine that is environmentally friendly and does not cause pollution.

Quantitative analysis of residential plastic recycling in New York City.

More than 420,000 tonnes of plastic waste is produced every year in New York City (NYC). This plastic represents 15% of municipal solid waste in NYC and is in line with New York State and United States averages. This material is managed by NYC's dual-stream recycling system and industry-leading material recovery facilities. However, not all plastic collected for recycling (diverted) is ultimately sold to be remanufactured into new products (recovered). This study utilizes publicly available data to quantify and compare the diversion and recovery rates of residential plastics in NYC to provide quantitative context of such a process in a large metropolitan area. In 2018, 35.2% of plastics suitable for recycling were diverted, indicating a potential to improve collection. Of these, only 53.4% of plastics diverted for recycling were ultimately recovered through sale into the markets. This is aligned with the theoretical maximum recycling potential described in other scholarly work. The 53.4% recovery rate of diverted plastics indicates that an increase in diversion would not yield an equivalent increase in recovery. Additionally, barriers to the recovery of plastic waste impact the actual recycling rate. The literature and this study recognize that contamination, technology limitations, and the availability of markets all influence the sorting and selling of plastics. Furthermore, plastic recycling has recently received significant attention due to the implementation of China's National Sword policy. This study demonstrates that from 2017 to 2018, while the sales of plastics #3-7 decreased, the overall recovery rate of plastics in NYC was not impacted by China's National Sword policy.

Available Recycling Solutions for Increased Personal Protective Equipment in the Environment Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The whole world today is facing an enormous increase in plastic waste pollution caused by the emergence of the COVID – 19 pandemic. A complex chemical composition of personal protective equipment (PPE) mainly containing polypropylene (PP) complicates the recycling process and it could take at least 450 years to degrade. Plastic pollution was already one of the greatest threats to our planet before the coronavirus outbreak. Disposal of millions of contaminated PPEs would end up as wastes, which, if improperly managed, can generate tonnes of plastic waste and consequently plastic pollution which is a significant threat to oceans and marine life. Eight million tons of plastic waste already end up in the world’s oceans every year, and the impact of COVID-19 will only increase those figures. To reduce the amount of waste after using face masks and gloves which ends up in the environment have been proposed by different waste management companies and discussed in detail. Moreover, an eco-friendly way for photocatalytic degradation of polypropylene via TiO2-based nanomaterials under solar irradiation is present. Catalytic conversion of PP is also proposed for the reduction of environmental pollution. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of plastic pollution and discussing potential strategies to overcome them.

Sufficiency Economy Philosophy for Sustainable Zero Plastic Waste

Plastic wastes has become a global problem, and Thailand produces about two million tonnes of plastic waste per year, around 12% of total waste. The purpose of this article is to examine the causes of plastic waste in Thailand, to study the goals of Thailand’s Roadmap on Plastic Waste Management 2018-2030 and Master Plan on Solid Waste Management 2016-2021, to examine the SDGs Goal 12 regarding waste reduction and sustainable consumption and production, and to investigate the principles of Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP). Documentary study and literature review were used for data collection. Plastics waste and pollutions and inappropriate waste management have caused a lot of problems to people and communities and they cause contamination and residual cumulative impacts on the environment. The result showed that single-use plastics was a major factor of increasing plastic waste, especially during and after COVID-19, and inappropriate waste management has accounted for negative impacts on public well-being, communities, and environment. Sufficiency Economy Philosophy, when being applied to waste management, could play an important role in changing consumer’s behavior towards waste reduction because it influenced individuals to be aware of the impacts that their actions and consumptions may have on the environment, and subsequently their livelihoods. Thus, SEP will promote the ban of single-use plastic under the Roadmap, strengthen the waste management of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) under the Master Plan, and contribute to sustainable consumption and production under SDG Goal 12.

Innovative Business Models in Ocean-Bound Plastic Recycling

About 30 million tons of plastic waste, or 10% of the world's annual plastic production, reaches the oceans each year, most from developing coastal countries. We study novel business models that leverage new technologies to address this pressing global problem. Firms aim at profitably recycling plastic to reduce ocean pollution while positively impacting local communities. These firms sell (a) plastic offsets and (b) segregated plastic. We introduce and analyze a supply chain model of a firm adopting (a) or (b) or both. We find that (a) or (b) can generate larger environmental and social impacts and profitability depending on their market sizes. When the firm adopts both, it attains a more significant environmental impact, gives a higher income to the collectors while enjoying a higher profit than under (a) or (b) alone. However, the largest collectors' share of the local supply chain profit is attained by (b) only. Moreover, if the sales volume of segregated plastic is small, the largest social impact may be attained by (a). We use empirical data to calibrate our model, numerically illustrate our main results, and unveil additional insights. We find that if the organization aims at maximizing a combination of its profit and the total recycled plastic volume rather than profit only, it can generate much larger environmental and social impacts with a slight reduction in its profit. Our model and results provide theoretical support and insights into some of the new initiatives for tackling global ocean plastic pollution.

A Semi-Analytic Hierarchy Process to Assess the Plastic Waste and Contrive a Responsibility Index

Currently, hundreds of millions of tons of plastic waste is produced every year around the world, which has caused irreversible and serious damage to the environment, which should be highly valued by all countries. Studies show that countries with fast growth and high economic levels produce more plastic waste than others. They should take the corresponding responsibility for the treatment of plastic waste. But so far, the responsibilities of all countries have no clear boundaries, which has caused the problem of plastic waste management to be delayed in reaching a global consensus. To handle the problem above, this paper adopts the semi-analytic hierarchy process (SAHP) based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). On the basis of the original model, a global share data processing method is used to replace the judgment matrix establishment process in the scheme layer, which reduces the influence of the subjective factors. It also improves the shortcomings that AHP cannot accommodate new samples. The SAHP helps to establish the responsibility index of each country through a responsibility quantification model system, which clearly quantifies the responsibility of each country, and provides an effective reference for the management of plastic waste in various countries.

Innovation Design and Development of PET Plastic Waste Processing Machines by Extruder Method

According to the Ministry of Environment (KLH), Indonesia's average population produces 189 thousand tons of garbage per day. Of this amount, 15% is plastic waste or 28.4 thousand tons of plastic waste per day. The famous handling of plastic waste is 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Reduce is reducing the purchase or use of goods made from plastic, especially disposable items. Reuse is the repeated use of plastic-based items. Recycle is recycling goods made of plastic. The method used in this design study is to use SolidWorks software by combining the literature study VDI221 to obtain a variant of the design results that will be used. The study results do a plastic bench machine that is integrated to produce plastic seeds, which are PET-shaped, which are extruded in a device that has been brewed. From the results of the design in the data processing and design specifications of the PET plastic waste-processing machine with the extruder method, the construction consists of several units, namely, Shredder unit, Extruder unit, Cutter unit, and Machine frame. The shredder unit serves to destroy plastic waste that is still intact in pieces before being processed in the extruder unit. The extruder unit functions to melt PET waste to be extruded using a screw. The cutter unit operates to cut processed extrusion waste into pellet granules. The engine frame is used to support the entire engine unit. The results of the Plastic Waste Extruder Machine design process with an Autodesk inventor are summarized in the following specifications: machine dimensions are 1625 mm long, 300mm wide, and 1325mm high; screw extruder uses a metering screw type with a diameter of 50.8mm (2 inches) with a length: diameter ratio of 20: 1, so the screw length is 1016mm, estimated throughput rate = 84 lb/h (42kg / h), the motor used is 5.5 PK (4 KW) with a rotation speed of 1450.

An analytical study of strengthening conventional concrete by replacing it with rubcrete concrete

Abstract In recent times, Non– Bio Degradable waste has been a major problem in World. In our Day-to-Day life due to increased consumption of the materials like Plastic, Rubber, Glass in Domestic and Industrial activities in rapidly developing countries like India, USA, Germany etc., it has been creating major harm to the Environment. About 6.3 billion tons of plastic waste, 3.5 billion tons of Rubber waste has been generated in the world so far. If this continues, then our future generations will have to face many serious problems. The probable solutions to reduce their damage to the Environment are either reducing their usage in daily times or recycling them. The first choice is inevitable, as we are habituated using these products. It is possible to adopt the latter. Using proper techniques, Rubber and other materials could be used in construction and other activities by adopting latest technologies. Our research is about, how we could properly use the Scrap Rubber as a Replacement material to Coarse Aggregate in Concrete and minimize the use of Coarse Aggregate. Concrete is a versatile, legendary and supremely strong material which is manufactured with the combination of Cement with Aggregates and Water. It is used in Construction of Structural Elements like Foundations, Columns, Beams and Slabs. It has been ruling the Construction industry since mid 1800‟s. By Replacing Coarse Aggregate with Rubber, it will save the Environment against Pollution from Rubber and Extraction of Aggregates through Quarrying. This will be a major boon towards the Environment. The Concrete obtained by Replacing Coarse Aggregate with Rubber can be called as RUBCRETE. Cost analysis comparison is also done in this paper for rubcrete concrete and conventional concrete.

Chemical Plant Design for the Conversion of Plastic Waste to Liquid Fuel

This paper presents the plant design for fuel production from plastic waste. The types of plastics to be used for the fuel production include polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. All these materials are to be sourced from Kpone landfill site in Accra, Ghana, where the plant is to be situated. The major fuels produced are gasoline, diesel and kerosene with a plant capacity of approximately 1000 tons of plastic waste per day and its attainment is 95%. The production process involves sorting the municipal solid waste to obtain suitable plastics. The plastics are extruded and cracked thermally in a Pyrolyzer and the gases from it are reformed over Zeolite-ZSM 5 as the catalyst in a reactor. Resulting vapours are fractionated in a column to obtain the various fuel components. The plant operates 24 hours/day and 347 days/year with 3 shifts per day of 8 hours per shift. Total capital required to build and start up the plant amounts to approximately 17 Million US Dollars. The plant life is 25 years with an annual rate of return of 34% and a payback period of 2.9 years for this project, after setting up. Annually, the plant would generate gross and net profits of approximately 9 Million US Dollars and 6.7 Million US Dollars respectively.

FORECASTING ANORGANIC WASTE VOLUME AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PLASTIC BAG RESTRICTIONS USING DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHOD AT BOGOR CITY

Garbage is a classic problem causing environmental and ecosystem damage in every region, including in Bogor City. Plastic is one of the largest types of inorganic waste that causes ecosystem damage. In one day 1,7 tons of plastic waste are produced from a modern shopping center in Bogor. Several attempts were made to reduce the volume of inorganic waste. Since July 2018 the Regional Government of Bogor City has issued a regulation restricting the use of plastic bags in the modern market as an effort to reduce inorganic waste, especially plastic waste. Forecasting the volume of inorganic waste after the enactment of this regulation is needed as an evaluation step. The double exponential smoothing hole model is suitable for linear data trends. This is in accordance with the condition of inorganic waste volume data which tends to have a linear trend. Forecasting produces parameter parameter values α (level) 0,78 and γ (trend) 0,09 also MAPE 7,25%. The forecast results show that the volume of inorganic waste tends to increase in 2020. In order for this regulation to be optimal, it is necessary to consider applying these regulations not only in the modern market but also in the traditional market. In addition, it is also necessary to find an alternative to substitute for plastic so as not to switch to other inorganic types.

Automatic Remote Control based Surface Level Marine Debris Cleaning and Signaling

Marine debris in the water bodies is one of the major issues prevailing in our world, where 8.8 million metric tons of plastic waste are being dumped each year. The main objective of our system is to make an autonomous system which can clean the surface level solid waste (plastic, wood and metal) in the ocean, in addition it aims at collecting more waste at a time. Our idea proposes to allow the ocean water to flow through the water inlet. The water inlet has been designed with an escalator mechanism such that it dumps the waste in the container which is also fitted with a crusher at it sides to crush the waste almost in order to collect more waste. Since the ship is guided through the remote control, this technique involves no manual contrivance to clean the plastics that float on the apparent level of the ocean.