Tons Of Waste Research Articles

Biogas Production from Kitchen Waste Produced in College Canteens

This research paper delves into the possibilities of engendering biogas from the kitchenette waste produced in college canteens. The goal is to evaluate whether it is feasible and effective to use kitchen waste from college canteens as a cause for producing biogas, which can be exploited as an energy store. Moreover, trials will be led to recognize the conditions for producing biogas. The management of solid waste has grown significantly in importance as urbanization increases. The amount of solid waste produced has increased dramatically as a result of India's economy growing quickly. India's 429 million urban residents produce 62 million tonnes of waste annually. The monetary viability and environmental recompenses of employing biogas systems in college canteens will also be inspected. The research methodology encompasses assemblage data from college canteens scrutinizing the composition of the waste decisive how much waste is engendered and assessing the potential for biogas production. The discoveries will offer perceptions, into the viability of generating biogas from kitchen waste while endorsing waste management practices and renewable energy generation.

REDISCOVER PARADISE: ELEVATING BALI’S MARINE TOURISM THROUGH SUSTAINABLE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SSWM)

As a global tourist destination, Bali’s marine ecosystem holds significant value for the leisure industry. However, along with the enormous growth of the industry, the island also faces an imminent waste crisis. As of 2022, 1,085,507 metric tonnes of waste are produced by the island, which 18% of it or 190,726 metric tonnes of waste left unmanaged. Coupled with monsoon and wet season weather that delivers trash ashore, effective waste management holds a pivotal role to preserve the marine ecosystem of the island and its tourism industry. By conducting a qualitative descriptive method, this research proposes sustainable solid waste management (SSWM) as an attempt to combat the waste crisis on the island. This research aims to depict the feasibility – cost, and benefit – of implementing the SSWM. The findings of this research conclude that the implementation of SSWM will benefit the marine ecosystem and further sustain tourism in Bali.

Analysing the Effectiveness of Municipal Wastewater Sludge, Bagasse Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Plastic Waste Powder for Manufacturing Bricks

Indian cities’ rapid industrialisation and urbanisation have created a requirement for massive infrastructure growth. As a result, numerous homes have been built on a big scale. As one of the most important building materials, bricks must be produced in large quantities using resources including in-situ clay, energy, and water. The concern about the sustainability of expansion is raised by the rapid exploitation of such resources, which also leads to environmental imbalance. Numerous thousands of tonnes of waste are produced as a result of the rapid growth, which creates problems with not only disposing off the waste but also with the availability of landfill spaces in urban areas. This project aims to conduct an experimental analysis of the potential use of bagasse ash, rice husk ash, plastic waste powder, and municipal wastewater sludge as clay substitutes in brickmaking. Testing the efficacy of these materials revealed that the bagasse ash brick with plastic waste powder demonstrated a significant increase in compressive strength and less water absorption when compared to a conventional brick. According to the test results, the average compressive strength of the bagasse ash brick created using plastic waste powder is 9.81 N/mm2 and 9.03 N/mm2, respectively, which is higher than the standard necessary construction brick according to our Indian requirements. These bricks can be utilised as first- and second-class bricks. These bricks can be used in both load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures because the average water absorption, according to specifications, was not more than 20%. This process for producing building materials encourages the use of waste resources in construction.

Efforts to Reduce Carbon Emissions from TPS3R and Rumah Kompos Facilities: Case Study in Surabaya

A majority of the solid waste produced in Surabaya is handled by the Surabaya Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, DLH). This process includes sorting, and colleting waste from local sources, transporting waste to and treating waste in local facilities, as well as final processing of waste done in landfills. Each of these processes will produce its own amount and type of GHG emissions. This study focuses on the emission coming from local facilities used to treat waste, namely TPS3R and Rumah Kompos. These facilities receive waste from local communities and produce compost and recyclable materials, creating GHG emissions in the process. This research estimates how much GHGs are emitted from these facilities from its compost production and energy consumption using available tools, and then compare its emission to the amount of waste that it processes. This comparison will show how much GHG each facility emits for every ton of solid waste handled (Facility Emission Factor, EF) which equates to its waste handling performance. Results show that the lowest EF achievable by TPS3R and Rumah Kompos facilities in Surabaya is 0.210- and 1.988-ton CO2eq/ton waste, respectively. This performance level is used as a baseline for increasing the amount of waste treated in these facilities with no additional emission load. When this estimation is applied, the total waste treated in Surabaya could increase by 11%, treating an additional 691 tons of waste per year and reducing waste going to landfills, which in turn reduces overall emissions of the waste sector.

Fishing industry potential as resources broiler feed’s fishmeal from bycatch in Teluk Nibung, Tanjung Balai

Tanjung Balai was the sources of fish production in north sumatera, Indonesia. Total fisheries production in Tanjung Balai City more than This study aims to describe the potential of areas on the east coast of North Sumatera. This research method used survey, descriptive analysis from quantitative data which the calculation of fish population, rendement and proximate test. Proximate tests such as protein, fiber, fat, water and ash. The results showed that Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (head), Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (offal) and mix (head and offal) have different results rendements. Protein (%) level of head; offal; mix = 45.4; 43.3; 33.0. The proximate test of Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (head), Upeneus sulphureus’s fishmeal (offal) and mix (head+offal) can use to broiler (starter and finisher) feeds based on SNI standards. The one warehouse for 3 highest catch periods was produced 1,904 tons of Upeneus sulphurous fish, 587 tons of waste and 38 tons protein. Teluk Nibung have fishmeal potentials to broiler feed.

Analisis Strategi Pengelolaan Bank Sampah Sebagai Upaya Menambah Pendapatan Pondok Pesantren menggunakan Analisis SWOT

Waste is the remains of daily human activities that are discarded from sources resulting from human and natural activities that do not have economic value. In 2020, total national waste will reach 67.8 million tons. This means that almost 270 million Indonesians produce around 185,753 tonnes of waste per day or 0.68 kilograms per individual. Al-Ihya Ulumaddin Islamic Boarding School is one of the boarding schools that requires education about waste and how to handle it. This is because waste handling has not yet reached the stage of the recycling or reuse process. Based on the description above, this research aims to analyze waste bank management strategies as an effort to increase business income at the Al-Ihya Ulumaddin Islamic Boarding School through the Waste Bank using the SWOT and Matrix Space methods. The research method in this study is a qualitative method and SWOT analysis which was carried out on the waste bank managers of the Al-Ihya Ulumaddin Islamic Boarding School, namely 10 people. The resulting conclusion is that there is participation and positive responses from students and the community. There is support from the students and the community. Analysis based on Matrix Space processing is in the Conservative quadrant, this can be seen in the support of facilities and infrastructure in carrying out managerial planning for waste management carried out by the AL Ihya Ulumadin Islamic boarding school. The recommendations proposed based on the SWOT analysis are building cooperatives, innovating recycled products with better quality, building networks, building communication with consumers, and innovating waste products.

Détermination des facteurs d’émission de GES à travers l’ACV dans les unités d’enfouissement, de compostage et de recyclage du CTVD de Ouagadougou

This study is a contribution to the quantification of greenhouse gas emissions in the waste sector in developing countries, especially through the determination of specific emission factors. The purpose is to determine the greenhouse gas emission factors of the various waste treatment units at the waste treatment and recovery centre in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) using the Life Cycle Analysis method. The emission factors were evaluated and then reduced to an equivalent CO2 emission per tonne of waste. The results show that landfill has the highest emission factors, with values ranging from 751.19 to 1,818.6 kg CO2 eq/tonne of waste for direct emissions, depending on whether or not sequestered carbon is taken into account, and from 7.24 to 1.31 kg CO2 eq/tonne for indirect emissions. Composting and plastic recovery units have negative EFs over their entire life cycle (-69.69 and -1736.65 Kg CO2 eq/tonne), thus contributing to net greenhouse gas savings. This study is the first of its kind to provide data that can be used for national accounting of greenhouse gas emissions in the waste sector

Calculating the Amount of Plastic Waste Based on Type at the Supit Urang Malang Final Processing Site (TPA)

Waste is one of the crucial environmental problems in Indonesia. Malang City produces around 485 tons of waste every day. This research aims to identify what types of plastic waste are selected at the Supit Urang Final Processing Site and to find out the mass of each type of plastic waste that is sorted, to analyze the volume of plastic waste differentiated based on the types at the Supit Urang Landfill, Malang City. Plastic waste is non-organic waste that is difficult to decompose naturally. In 2019, the Regional Environmental Management Agency (BPLHD) stated that plastic waste in Jakarta reached 13% of 6,000 tons per day and annual calculations reached 5.4 tons. Determining the number of samples in this study used the SNI 19-3964-1994 approach, the waste sampling method, sampling method, and analysis of plastic waste samples were chosen in the research methodology. The research results showed that the types of plastic waste at the Supit Urang landfill include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and others (O), with a mass of each type, namely Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 27.7 kg, Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) 27.5 kg, Polypropylene (PP) 23.2 kg and Others (O) 21.7 kg. It is hoped that sorting plastic waste according to type through further processing can reduce waste generation in general, especially in Malang City.

Unveiling the Potential of Apricot Residues: From Nutraceuticals to Bioenergy

Stone fruits, such as the apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), are frequently consumed. As such, a substantial volume of apricot waste is generated at each stage of the food supply chain, including harvesting, processing, packaging, warehousing, transportation, retailing, and eventual consumption. This generates tons of waste annually on a global scale. The significant amounts of phenolics present in these wastes are primarily responsible for their antioxidant capacity and the subsequent health advantages they provide. As such, apricot pulp by-products could be a valuable reservoir of bioactive compounds, such as tocopherols, polyphenolic compounds, proteins, dietary fibers, etc. Moreover, apricot kernels are also recognized for their abundance of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and tocopherols, which find utility in diverse sectors including cosmetology and the food industry. Both conventional and green methods are employed, and generally, green methods lead to higher extraction efficiency. The antimicrobial properties of apricot kernel essential oil have been widely recognized, leading to its extensive historical usage in the treatment of diverse ailments. In addition, apricot kernel oil possesses the capacity to serve as a viable resource for renewable fuels and chemicals. This review examines the potential of apricot waste as a source of bioactive compounds, as well as its utilization in diverse applications, with an emphasis on its contribution to health improvement.

Comprehensive Study of Energy Characteristics and Biohazard Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste from the Landfill of the City of Atyrau

This article presents the results of the study of the morphological composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) from the landfill of Atyrau city, and the waste’s energy characteristics and presence of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. This study was carried out under a government order to determine the feasibility of recycling accumulated and incoming waste into electricity and its hazard to the environment and the workers involved in handling it. At the moment, there is no MSW recycling in Kazakhstan, which has led to the accumulation of more than 125 million tons of waste with an annual increase of 5 million tons. The research included four major cities (Almaty, Shymkent, Atyrau and Astana), which were selected not only on the basis of population, but also because the cities were located in different climatic zones. Samples were collected at the city landfills: 10 samples with an average distance of 100 m from each other were collected to provide a maximum coverage of both recently received waste and long-time stored waste. The research showed that neither climatic conditions nor the population size had a significant impact on MSW density, the values of which ranged from 120.1 kg/m3 to 145.4 kg/m3, as this indicator directly depends on the quality of life. The mass of the combustible fraction ranged from 39.41% to 54.62% and was mainly represented by plastic, textile and paper waste. The average value for the four cities was 50.30%. The higher calorific value fell in the range of 24.22–30.49 MJ/kg, with an average value of 26.71 MJ/kg. Microbiological studies showed little difference in average composition regardless of climatic conditions. Thus, no sharp differences in MSW composition, its energy characteristics and microbiological composition were found. The results of this study may be useful for optimising MSW recycling and disposal processes, as well as for developing measures to reduce their negative impact on the environment and human health.

Upcycling of seafood side streams for circularity.

The upcycling of seafood side streams emerges as a crucial facet in the quest for circularity within the food industry, surpassing other food sources in its significance. Seafood side stream plays an indispensable role in global food security and human nutrition. Nevertheless, losses ensue throughout the seafood supply chain, resulting in substantial waste generation. These underutilized seafood by-products contain valuable resources like edible proteins and nitrogenous compounds. Projections indicate that fishery products' utilization for human consumption will soar to 204 MT by 2030. Yet, the industry annually generates millions of tonnes of waste, predominantly from crab, shrimp, and lobster shells, leading to environmental impacts due to COD and BOD issues. A five-tier circular economic model offers a framework to manage seafood side-streams efficiently, with applications spanning pharmaceuticals, food production, animal feed, fertilizers, and energy fuel, thereby maximizing their potential and reducing waste in line with sustainability goals.

Cisalhamento induzido em vigas de concreto armado com agregado sintético

Abstract The increasing aluminum production demands larger volumes of bauxite residue (BR) to be stored in the Amazon region. There are millions of tons of waste without reuse but with high potential for use in civil construction as artifacts or components for concrete. Due to the significant consumption of coarse aggregates for concrete, there is the possibility of producing synthetic aggregate (SA) from bauxite residue, containing high levels of residue (70%, 80% and 90%), maintaining satisfactory levels of resistance and durability. To evaluate this new product, two beams were made with conventional aggregate (gravel) and the others with SA. For the evaluation of the shear strength, friezes were made to fix the failure surface, aiming to reduce the influences of the arch action on the shear strength, inducing the failure in the brittle section. The friezes presented inclinations of 30° or 45°, according to the calculation models of the Brazilian code for concrete structures. All beams were subjected to bending test until failure. The results showed that the SA has potential for use in reinforced concrete structures, presenting a similar performance to the conventional aggregate. The results also showed the preponderance of tensile when the a/d ratio increases, evidencing the greater contribution of the coarse aggregate with the increase of the strut inclination.

Design of Organic Waste Shredding Machine and Cultivating Maggots as Business Initiation for Economy Improvement to Conceptual Zero Model Waste Organic

The problem of waste is like an iceberg that is ready to explode at any time and of course has a big impact on humans and the environment. In Yogyakarta, Piyungan waste processing site (TPA) is no longer able to accommodate waste. The condition of the landfill, which is overloaded and frequently closed, makes the river the next target for disposing of residents’ waste., at least 360 tons of waste per day..The largest source of waste is from households in the form of organic waste amounting to 60%. The role of households or housewives must take the main role in handling waste that is finished in the household only. This requires awareness. Data shows that 72% of residents do not have the awareness to process waste. The aim of this trsearch to increase awareness and change the ancient paradigm and being willing to take action in dealing with waste requires knowledge, understanding and skills to process organic waste into business initiation through maggot cultivation so that it can increase family income. The result of this research are 1) increasing understanding of maggot cultivation as a business initiative so that it can increase family income, 2) Procurement of organic waste chopping machines to make baby maggot food porridge, 3) Managing organic waste to be optimal 4) Increasing the role of the waste bank to realize the goal of Zero Waste. Paradigm changes to save the environment.

Plastic pollution and environmental education through artwork

Abstract Plastics have benefited society, but their environmental impact has caused concerns since the 1970s. By the year 2050, plastic production is predicted to reach 26,000 million tonnes and generate 13,000 million tonnes of waste. Plastic in the environment impacts living organisms with short to long-term consequences. To address this, governmental policies, advocacy and recycling have been implemented with varying success. Environmental education plays an important role in mitigating some impacts of plastic pollution. Upcycling discarded plastics in artwork supports that endeavour. The art installation “Regulated Exhibition – The Plastic Human”, a collaboration between BACKLIT gallery, Joshua Sofaer and the Environment Agency, brought the artworld and environmental advocacy together, to inspire discussions on the narrative of plastic pollution. To bring the project to life BACKLIT gallery was turned into a factory where audience members could explore and interact with the installation. The exhibition was free, open to all and accessible to diverse demographics within Nottingham. The interactive exhibition provoked visitors’ senses and provided a feedback mechanism. The “Plastic Human” reflected the impacts of plastic pollution in our environment. Addressing plastic pollution is thought to cause a philosophical and/or ethical burden on humans. The measured and qualitative impact of this could impact our daily lives.

Empowering the community through plastic waste management and eco-friendly construction materials in Bangunjiwo Village

This study addresses the critical issue of plastic waste management in Bangunjiwo Village, Yogyakarta. With Indonesia generating 22.92 million tons of waste in 2023, and plastic waste constituting 19% of this total, effective management solutions are essential. The program involved socialization through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and evaluation using questionnaires. The FGD sessions educated 23 community leaders on waste management technologies and the potential use of plastic waste in eco-friendly construction materials. Evaluation results showed that over 57% of participants had a strong understanding and awareness of the negative impacts of plastic waste and the importance of the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Additionally, more than 52% strongly agreed on the importance of recycling and innovative plastic waste processing. The high willingness to participate in waste reduction and management initiatives highlights significant potential for implementing plastic waste recycling programs in the village. Continuous education and the provision of appropriate processing technologies can transform plastic waste into valuable, sustainable construction materials, supporting both environmental conservation and local infrastructure development. This study underscores the crucial role of community participation and ongoing education in achieving effective plastic waste management.

The use of Urban Forest Parks to improve human-nature relations and cognitive ability performance in older adults.

At present more than 50% of the human population of Planet Earth, live in urban areas. The natural environment is changed considerably by cities: increase of population, productions of tons of waste, daily, change of biodiversity. The relationships human-nature were disrupted in cities due to the artificial construction of infrastructure. In order to protect biodiversity and recover nature in cities, Urban Forest Parks, as part of green infrastructure are a very important action. At the same time the psycology of urban populations can be improved. The use of Urban Forest Parks to improve social relations, education, physical activities in older adults can improve their cognitive ability and performance.

Пути развития технологий производства водорода в рамках ESG концепции

The relevance of the article is determined by the development of a new method of industrial production hydrogen from plant biomass. The prerequisites for this technological solution are the high tonnage of wood waste in Russia and an increase in hydrogen production due to the development of hydrogenation processes in the oil refining industry due to stricter environmental requirements for the sulfur content in fuels. The paper presents ways to change the raw material base for hydrogen production and possible engineering solutions for the modernization of the industrial process of its production at oil refineries for the use of plant biomass as raw materials.

Evaluation of the hardness and wear behavior of date seed powder/epoxy composites as potential biomaterials

The date palm, or Phoenix dactylifera, is a crop that is grown for food and is used by many people on a regular basis. The cultivation of date palms, their processing, and consumer demand all produce tons of waste. Date palm seeds can account for up to 10 % of the total weight of the fruits. A topic of interest for research is the application of date seed waste in the fields of engineering, nutrition, and cosmetics. This work aims to show that epoxy/palm seed date composites are suitable for use as biomaterials by examining their wear behavior. Give a brief introduction to a few ideas before going over the fundamental idea of wear resistance. Future wear resistance improvements in biomedical applications and other industries that might benefit from this addition will continue to be achieved through the use of date palm seed microparticles in epoxy. In this study, epoxy composites containing palm seed particles are made by the mixing procedure. The studied composites made from date palm seed powder particles has micron particle size of 150 which is mixed with epoxy as a matrix. The percentages of date palm seeds are varying from 5 % to 20 %. The 20 percent sample had the best results, losing 7.03 percent of their starting weight. The 10 percent group, which lost 9.4 percent, the 15 percent group, which lost 12.2 percent, and the 5 percent sample, which lost 19.95 percent, were the next in line. Each of the four samples had 1 kg to 5 kg of weight applied to them at five different rotation speeds. Upon analysis of all the samples under investigation, it was discovered that the date palm seeds enhanced and increased wear resistance, leading to better outcomes.

Information System for Monitoring Waste Tonnage and Fleet Assignment at the Medan City Sanitary and Park Agency

The Medan City Sanitary and Parks Department has the responsibility of carrying out the waste transportation process from the source of waste to the location of the Sanitary Landfill. Every day, the waste transportation vehicle receives a Road Order Letter from the sub-agency located in the sub-district, which contains information on waste transportation information. After the transportation is complete, the letter is submitted to the landfill scale department for tonnage and origin data collection. However, at present, all waste transportation data collection activities are carried out manually, including the provision of assignment letters and data collection of waste tonnage and fleet routes at the landfill. This results in ineffectiveness in the data collection operations. This encourages researchers to design a monitoring and fleet assignment information system at the Medan City Sanitary and Parks Service. Data collection is done by observation and interviews. The system development model in this system uses SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) Waterfall and uses UML (Unified Modeling Language) as a method of describing the flow of the system by applying the Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram and Sequence Diagram models. The system is designed to run on a website system and is built using the PHP programming language with MySQL as a database. With this system, it is hoped that it can help in facilitating fleet assignments and monitoring the amount of waste entering the Sanitary Landfill .

KATI ATIK ARITIMINA KISA BİR BAKIŞ VE TÜRKİYE'DEKİ GÜNCEL UYGULAMALAR

High rates of energy and goods consumption, combined with increasing population growth and high living standards, lead to the ever-increasing production of solid waste. The amount of solid waste generated today has reached a level that poses serious threats to the environment and the sustainable management of the country's economies. Although action plans are being prepared and implemented by countries, unions and institutions for the environmentally friendly and sustainable management of solid waste, it is seen that the threat still exists for the near future. Within the scope of solid waste, management of household waste is undoubtedly one of the most important issues today. The MSW EU average for 2021 reached 530 million tons. Similarly, a total of 104.8 million tons of waste was generated in Turkey in 2020, 32.3 million tons of which were domestic waste. Although, today, the most common method of solid waste control globally is storage in open or controlled landfills, it is seen that Thermal conversion, MTB or Liquefaction applications, which enable energy production especially within the cyclical economy and production model, are increasingly increasing.
 The aim of this compilation study, in which global and country-based statistics are briefly presented, is to raise awareness of the increasing threat.