Tons Of Steel Research Articles

Synergistic enhancement for energy-saving, emission reduction and profit improvement in iron and steel manufacturing system: Strategies for parameter regulation and technologies integration

The steel industry, characterized by high energy consumption and carbon emission, poses a significant threat to global energy and environmental security. In response to the energy conservation and dual-carbon targets, the steel industry must urgently find sustainable pathways for transformation and development. Steel production structure optimization and the application of cutting-edge technologies have been proven to be highly effective. However, the complexity and variability of actual production conditions highlight the absence of a methodology capable of adapting to real production scenarios, elucidating influencing principles across multiple factors, analyzing synergistic mechanisms of multiple indicators, and proposing collaborative control strategies. Furthermore, the potential for technology applications that are closely integrated with the company’s resource endowment remains uncertain, leading to an unclear overall strategy for energy saving and carbon reduction. This study develops a multi-scale optimization and evaluation model for ISMP, incorporating interconnected and matching processes, as well as nested multi-indicators, in response to the context. Subsequently, the disturbance mechanisms of various factors are accurately identified and a multi-indicator synergistic control strategy and framework are proposed. Following optimization, the exergy loss, energy consumption, carbon emission intensity, cost, and pollutant emissions of ISMP per tonne of steel are reduced by 1418.70 MJ, 42.93 kgce, 154.79 kg, 171.21 CNY, and 0.0168 kg, respectively. Additionally, measures such as reducing moisture content in coking coal can effectively regulate multiple indicators. Based on the proposed sensitivity quantification method, the temperature of hot blast is identified as the most effective controllable factor. Technologies like hydrogen-rich fuel injection, integrated waste heat recovery, and solar photovoltaic & energy storage have shown favorable prospects, according to analysis conducted from various angles regarding economic viability and potential for energy-saving and carbon reduction. However, the application of aforementioned technologies may be limited by financial consideration, necessitating cautious and judicious investment choices.

Enhancing Efficiency in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking: A Multi‐Objective Optimization Approach Using the Non‐Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II

To realize the overall optimization of electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking system, a multi‐objective optimization model including smelting cost, energy consumption per ton of steel, and carbon emission per ton of steel is established. The model is optimized by multi‐objective genetic algorithm to improve the charging structure. At the same time, the data in the optimal solution set are used to analyze the influence of the change of scrap ratio on smelting cost, carbon emission per ton of steel, and smelting cycle. According to the actual working conditions and the demand of steel plant, the optimized results are selected. Compared with the actual production data, the proportion of scrap steel increases to 50.9%, the ratio of molten iron decreases to 38.8%, the smelting cost per ton of steel decreases by 12 Yuan, the energy consumption per ton of steel decreases by 4%, the carbon emission per ton of steel significantly decreases by 13%, and the smelting cycle is shortened by 2 min, but at the cost of increasing the power consumption per ton of steel. The optimized results and the analysis of the change of scrap ratio provide reference for the optimization of EAF steelmaking system.

Renewable Electricity and Green Hydrogen Integration for Decarbonization of “Hard-to-Abate” Industrial Sectors

This paper investigates hydrogen’s potential to accelerate the energy transition in hard-to-abate sectors, such as steel, petrochemicals, glass, cement, and paper. The goal is to assess how hydrogen, produced from renewable sources, can foster both industrial decarbonization and the expansion of renewable energy installations, especially solar and wind. Hydrogen’s dual role as a fuel and a chemical agent for process innovation is explored, with a focus on its ability to enhance energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. Integrating hydrogen with continuous industrial processes minimizes the need for energy storage, making it a more efficient solution. Advances in electrolysis, achieving efficiencies up to 60%, and storage methods, consuming about 10% of stored energy for compression, are discussed. Specifically, in the steel sector, hydrogen can replace carbon as a reductant in the direct reduced iron (DRI) process, which accounts for around 7% of global steel production. A next-generation DRI plant producing one million tons of steel annually would require approximately 3200 MW of photovoltaic capacity to integrate hydrogen effectively. This study also discusses hydrogen’s role as a co-fuel in steel furnaces. Quantitative analyses show that to support typical industrial plants, hydrogen facilities of several hundred to a few thousand MW are necessary. “Virtual” power plants integrating with both the electrical grid and energy-intensive systems are proposed highlighting hydrogen’s critical role in industrial decarbonization and renewable energy growth.

Unique Aspects of Scaffolding Design for the Urgent Seismic Retrofitting of Zagreb Cathedral

The 2020 Zagreb earthquake caused extensive damage to historically significant buildings, including the Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary, a key monument of Croatian cultural heritage. The earthquake rendered the cathedral unsafe due to significant damage to its towers and numerous cracks in its vaults and walls. Urgent measures were necessary to ensure safety and facilitate planned reconstruction and strengthening efforts. A specialised scaffolding design was developed to support inaccessible and unstable areas, involving over 1000 tonnes of steel. This paper details the structural concepts and specific scaffolding design implemented for the urgent restoration and seismic retrofitting of Zagreb Cathedral, ensuring it meets high earthquake resistance requirements.

Calculation of production balances and costs in ladle furnace refining process with addition of scrap steel

As increasing the scrap steel ratio has become an important approach for energy conservation and emission reduction in the steel industry, the technology of multi-point scrap addition has emerged. Ladle furnace (LF) refining is a feasible step for scrap steel utilisation, which is often overlooked and relied solely on empirical adjustment, resulting in difficulty of precise control. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research on this process using scientific methods and explore the impact of scrap steel addition on other materials. A comprehensive calculation model was established by scientifically investigating material and thermal balances in the LF process in this article, and the impact of initial steel and scrap compositions, temperature, mass and price of scrap on production costs were analysed and compared based on the model. The results showed that as the carbon and silicon content in the initial steel increase by every 0.01% could on average reduce the production cost per ton of steel by 4.013 CNY and 0.8473 CNY, respectively, and increases by 0.123 CNY as the sulphur content increase every 0.001%. The impact of scrap composition on costs is similar to that of the initial molten steel. Increasing the carbon and sulphur content in scrap by every 0.01% will on average increase costs by 0.0765 CNY and 0.01 CNY, respectively. When the price difference between scrap and the crude steel price is within 450–500 CNY/t, increasing scrap addition will create more profit. The relative reduction in smelting time is 7.97 s as the scrap temperature increases every 50°C. The present study holds academic and industrial significance in improving LF efficiency and promoting the LF process towards a more sustainable direction.

Substituting natural gas with hydrogen: A case study on mass, energy, and emissions in electric arc furnace steelmaking

This study sets out to explore the use of hydrogen into steelmaking via the electric arc furnace route, weaving together technoeconomic analysis with a comprehensive carbon footprint assessment. Through a detailed examination, we scrutinize the financial prospects of integrating hydrogen within a scrap-based steel mill, using Liberty GFG's data for a case study. Based on the data, the steel plant's annual consumption is 1.2 million GJ/y of energy, primarily derived from natural gas, to produce 0.75 million tonnes of steel. We explore the potential of replacing this natural gas with 10-kilotonnes of hydrogen per year (1.35 t/h), considering the steel mill's capacity factor of 0.82. By employing sophisticated flowsheet-based calculations, we unravel the environmental implications of integrating hydrogen into the steelmaking process. The investigation reveals that the plant consumes 2.9 GJ per tonne of steel from natural gas, indicating a demand of 23.5 kilograms of hydrogen to completely supplant natural gas. This equates to 2.35 kilograms of hydrogen per tonne of steel for every 10% displacement of natural gas. At present, the comprehensive cost of employing hydrogen stands at US$ 144 per tonne of steel, predicated on a wind electricity price of US$ 38 per MWh. In contrast, utilising natural gas amounts to US$ 58 per tonne of steel. However, the horizon holds promise for a substantial reduction in hydrogen costs over the next decade, heralding a potential paradigm shift in its utilisation. The emission analysis shows that the plant produces greenhouse gas emissions of 735 kgCO2e/t steel, out of which 70% is due to the use of dominant fossil electricity and the rest 30% (223 kgCO2e/t steel) from other carbon sources such as natural gas, lump coke, coke fines, and diesel fuel. Modeling proposes that a complete substitution of grid electricity and natural gas would lead to process emissions totaling 104 kgCO2e/t steel. To achieve a net-zero emission target, a strategic shift is suggested: replacing lump coke and coke fines with biochar. This substitution not only eliminates lifecycle emissions but also paves the path towards realising a sustainable, carbon-neutral future.

Scrap Steel Recycling: A Carbon Emission Reduction Index for China

Accurately assessing carbon emissions from recycling scrap steel is essential for reducing emissions in the steel industry, especially in China, the world’s largest crude steel producer. In this study, a carbon emission reduction index was introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of recycling scrap steel in reducing emissions. The index considers the three processes used in scrap steel recycling: blast furnace ironmaking, converter steelmaking, and electric arc furnace steelmaking. This study developed an evaluation model using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and iterative cluster analysis to determine the reduction of carbon emission. From a life cycle perspective, this study identified primary factors contributing to emissions, including fuel, raw materials, electric energy, and auxiliary materials. Then, the carbon emission reduction index for scrap recycling was developed by examining the production of one ton of steel and each additional ton of scrap steel, which can provide valuable insights into the environmental impact of scrap recycling. Finally, the study forecasts the future Carbon Emission Reduction Index for steel scrap recycling. The study indicates an increase in the carbon emission reduction index for scrap recycling prior to 2017, followed by a decrease about 11.8% from 2017 to 2018 and increases from 2018 to 2021. Finally, it dropped by 8.7% per cent in 2022. Similarly, the carbon emission reduction index for electric furnace steelmaking increased prior to 2019, then subsequently decreased. It is changing by ten per cent a year. Additionally, the scrap recycling index experienced a significant decrease of 90% in 2015, followed by a gradual increase until 2017 and then a consistent decrease every year thereafter. The index suddenly rose in 2021 and then decreased change for policy reasons. The forecast results suggest a gradual increase in the carbon emission reduction index per ton of steel scrap in the future. In conclusion, the practicable modeling methodology has the ability to assist government organizations and private enterprises in devising efficient green and low-carbon development tactics.

Effect of Argon Flow Rate on Power Consumption of a 120‐t Ladle Furnace

To improve the phenomenon of serious power consumption of a ladle furnace, the impact of argon flow rate on power consumption in the refining process is investigated through theoretical calculations based on the principle of alternating current measurement using Rogowski coil and integrator circuit. The study divides the power supply phase into four distinct flow rate regions in a single furnace of DH36 steel, a low‐alloy, high‐strength ship plate steel commonly used in shipbuilding and offshore platforms. The analysis of active power, current, and voltage trends, along with average power consumption per second at each flow rate region, reveals a potential for efficient reduction in power consumption. Additionally, experiments with different argon flow rates (300, 400, and 500 NL min−1) during the power supply stages of multifurnace argon tests of AB/A steel show improvements in desulfurization rate, heating rate, processing time, and power consumption per ton of steel heated by 1 °C and power consumption per ton of steel per second.

Sustainable steel production: Evaluating the reduction kinetics of iron ore self-reducing briquettes with eucalyptus charcoal

The steel industry in Brazil is responsible for around 5% of total carbon dioxide emissions, releasing around 1.85 tons of CO2 for every ton of steel produced. The use of charcoal in self-reducing iron ore briquettes can be an alternative to reduce fossil fuel consumption and reduce carbon emissions in the primary steelmaking industry, however, the particle size can affect the reduction process. This study aims to analyze the reduction kinetics of charcoal briquettes in three particle size ranges. To this end, the charcoal was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis to determine the contents of fixed carbon, ash and volatiles, analysis of sulphur in the charcoal by combustion in a tube furnace, determination of particle size by laser granulometer, elemental chemical analysis of the charcoal ash by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The briquettes were reduced in a thermogravimetric balance to 1100 °C with heating rates between 10 and 40 °C/min. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Finally, a kinetic study was carried out using the Coats-Redfern method. In all the briquettes, the controlling mechanism was diffusion. In the mixture with fines, the activation energy ranged from 31.95 to 33.72 kJ/mol and 120.29–137.17 kJ/mol. For the mixture with medium grain size, the activation energy ranged from 58.1 to 89.42 kJ/mol and 107.83–153.50 kJ/mol. X-ray diffraction revealed phases of hematite and magnetite at 800 °C, while at 900 °C phases of wustite and faialite and metallic iron were identified.

АНАЛІЗ РЕСУРСОЕФЕКТИВНИХ СПОСОБІВ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТАЛОБРУХТУ У КОНВЕРТЕРНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ

In the modern realities of steelmaking in Ukraine, the price policy for liquid iron and scrap metal, which are dynamically changing, forces steel producers to constantly change the technological mode of converter melting. In the workshops that operate and have operated, at one time, to one degree or another, they underwent industrial inspection and the implementation of technology aimed at reducing the consumption of cast iron. The technologies implemented at enterprises, which allow to reduce the consumption of liquid iron by 45-50 kg per one ton of steel, raise the issue of the amount of energy consumption accompanying these processes. Analysis of methods aimed at further increasing the share of scrap in converter production allows us to draw conclusions about the prospects of using the least energy-consuming of them in the steel industry of Ukraine.

Forecasting End-of-Life Wind Turbine Material Flows in Australia under Various Wind Energy Deployment Scenarios

A circular economy involves managing and reducing the environmental and social impacts of products and materials throughout their entire lifecycle, from production to end of life, including clean energy technologies. The remarkable growth of wind turbine (WT) deployment in Australia, as a clean energy source, is promising, with over 10 gigawatts (GW) installed by 2023. Responsible management of wind turbines throughout the entire supply chain, including their end of life, is crucial to prevent potential environmental issues caused by significant waste volumes and to identify opportunities for resource recovery. This study offers a comprehensive overview of current and future WT waste through material flow analysis (MFA) under five national wind energy deployment scenarios, considering various wind turbine technologies. The results indicate that the projected cumulative WT installation capacity will range from 13 to 38 GW by 2041. Consequently, the cumulative WT waste volume is expected to range between 6.69 and 19.76 million tonnes in 2060, depending on the scenario, with the “slow change” scenario producing the least waste and the “step change” scenario generating the most. The estimated waste stream will see a rapid increase from about 2028, encompassing a variety of materials, primarily concrete at 10.20 million tonnes, followed by 3.21 million tonnes of steel and 35.41 kt of copper by 2060. Additionally, valuable materials such as rare earth elements (REEs) and composites, despite their smaller quantities, have significant environmental, economic, and supply chain security implications. This substantial waste material presents an opportunity for resource recovery and underscores the importance of adopting a circular economy approach for wind energy systems.

Decomposition of the site-level energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of the iron and steel industry.

Identifying the key factors influencing energy consumption and CO2 emissions is necessary for developing effective energy conservation and emission mitigation policies. Previous studies have focused mainly on decomposing changes in energy consumption and CO2 emissions at the national, regional, or sectoral levels, while the perspective of site-level decomposition has been neglected. To narrow this gap in research, a site-level decomposition of energy- and carbon-intensive iron and steel sites is discussed. In this work, the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method is used to decompose the changes in the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of iron and steel sites. The results show that the production scale significantly contributes to the increase in both energy consumption and CO2 emissions, with cumulative contributions of 229.63 and 255.36%, respectively. Energy recovery and credit emissions are two key factors decreasing site-level energy consumption and CO2 emissions, with cumulative contributions to the changes in energy consumption and CO2 emissions of -158.30 and -160.45%, respectively. A decrease in energy, flux, and carbon-containing material consumption per ton of steel promotes direct emission reduction, and purchased electricity savings greatly contribute to indirect emission reduction. In addition, site products and byproducts promote an increase in credit emissions and ultimately inhibit an increase in the total CO2 emissions of iron and steel sites.

Revealing cradle-to-gate CO2 emissions for steel product producing by different technological pathways based on material flow analysis

Revealing the life-cycle CO2 emissions of steel products is of great significance for mitigating CO2 emissions. However, previous studies did not conduct comparative analysis for steel products produced by different technological pathways, resulting in considerable confusion in the setting of carbon reduction pathways. By using the material flow analysis method, this study revealed the life-cycle CO2 emissions associated with various technological pathways. The results shows that life-cycle CO2 emissions per metric ton of steel are: 3620.78 kg for shaft furnace (SF)-electric furnace (EF) routes, 2598.54 kg for blast furnace (BF)- basic oxygen furnace (BOF), 1868.16 kg for Scrap & Molten Iron-EF and 1330.22 kg for scrap-EF. The energy structure (e.g. coal blending mode, power generation mode) material structure (e.g. iron ore matching mode, matching mode of scrap and molten iron), and transportation mode have a significant impact on CO2 emissions. Undoubtedly, low-carbon or zero-carbon electricity is more effective in reducing CO2 emissions.

Selective dissolution and kinetics of leaching zinc from lime treated electric arc furnace dust by alkaline media

The EAF steelmaking process generates 10–20 kg of dust per ton of steel, containing 15–30% zinc, making it a valuable secondary zinc resource. In this work, selective dissolution and kinetics of leaching zinc from lime (CaO) treated EAF dust using NaOH, KOH, and LiOH alkaline solutions were investigated. By reacting with CaO, insoluble ZnFe2O4 in EAF dust is converted to soluble ZnO and stable Ca2Fe2O5. Optimal zinc leaching conditions were achieved after 2 h at 70 °C and a S/L ratio of 1/300 (mg/ml). Among the alkaline solutions used, the zinc leaching rate was highest using 2 M NaOH solution at 99% zinc recovery. On the other hand, thermodynamic solubility calculations indicate that KOH is a better candidate for practical extraction as it can dissolve 6–8 times more zinc than NaOH. The prevailing rate-controlling mechanisms when using NaOH, KOH, and LiOH solutions were found to be the same. From 25 °C to 50 °C, chemical reaction was primarily rate-limiting. In contrast, from 50 °C to 70 °C, the controlling step later shifted to a product layer diffusion control – implying that higher temperatures and finer particle size are vital to achieving high zinc leaching rates. Finally, a solid by-product containing Ca2Fe2O5 and CaO only, which can be recycled in the iron and steelmaking process, was obtained via calcination at 500 °C.

Increasing the Level of Autonomy of Control of the Electric Arc Furnace by Weakening Interphase Interactions

Steelmaking is one of the most energy-intensive industries, so improving control efficiency helps to reduce the energy used to produce a tonne of steel. Mutual influences between the phases of an electric arc furnace in available electrode movement control systems cause unproductive electrode movements as a reaction to the redistribution of currents among the phases of a three-phase power supply system due to changes in arc length in one of the phases. The nonlinearity of the characteristics of an electric arc furnace significantly complicates the ability to provide autonomous electrode movement control. The approach proposed in this paper, based on the formation of a matrix of mutual influences with variable coefficients, significantly improves the per-phase autonomy of the electrode movement control system. Nonlinear dependences of the mutual influence coefficients as a function of the current increment in the phase in which the disturbance occurred are obtained. Thus, it is possible to practically eliminate unproductive electrode movements in existing control systems by avoiding the traditional use of a dead zone, which reduces the control quality in the zone of small disturbances. The complex of experiments performed using the mathematical model demonstrate that the mutual influence improves the dynamic properties of the electrode movement system in certain operating modes.

Fugitive Emission Characteristics of Fume and Dust from Short-Process Electric Furnace Tap Hole and Optimization of Dust Hood

Due to the advantages of a short cycle, low investment and low energy consumption per ton of steel, short-process electric furnace steelmaking is about to welcome a golden period of rapid development in China. During the operation of the electric furnace, a large amount of smoke and dust is generated. Most studies focus on organized emissions, and the impact of unorganized emissions in workshops on the environment cannot be ignored. This paper evaluates the thermal environment in the electric furnace steelmaking workshop based on the analytic hierarchy process and obtains the influence weight of the fugitive emission location. The mass concentration of dust at each measuring point increased by 1.17 mg/m3 on average, and the concentration of unorganized emission dust near the outlet was 23.572 mg/m3. The numerical simulation calculation model is established by the CFD method, a fixed initial jet velocity is set, the initial velocity of the ladle soot plume is changed, and the inclination angle, arrangement height and dust removal air volume of the dust hood are respectively adjusted in different tapping periods. The impact of simulation on the efficiency of dust collection for different dust removal hood configurations was investigated, considering variations in inclination angle, arrangement height and dust removal airflow. The optimal structural parameters for the dust removal hood were determined to be an inclination angle of 60° and an arrangement height of 2.4 m, and an optimal dust removal airflow was determined to be 110,000 m3/h. This study provides a theoretical foundation for engineering practice.

Numerical analysis of GFRP rebar embedded concrete beam

The use of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) in construction has several sustainability benefits that make it an attractive alternative to traditional reinforcement materials. One of the main sustainability problems faced by steel is its carbon footprint, 1.89 tonnes of CO2 is being released into the atmosphere for every tonne of steel produced. Another wellknown problem faced by steel in construction is corrosion which is the leading cause of failure of a building. the use of GFRP in construction offers several sustainability benefits that make it an attractive alternative for use in a variety of applications. The combination of improved performance, reduced waste, and lower carbon footprint make GFRP a sustainable choice for the construction industry. This paper presents a numerical analysis of a concrete beam reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar. The study aims to investigate the mechanical behaviours and performance of concrete beams embedded with GFRP rebar under 2-point loading conditions. Ansys 2023 software was utilised for the modelling and analysis of the developed model. Two models were created in the Ansys workbench, one with GFRP rebar as reinforcement and other with steel rebar reinforcement. The numerical results were then analysed to determine the load-carrying capacity and deformation behaviours of the GFRP-reinforced concrete beams compared to that of regular steel reinforced beam.

Decarbonisation of the steel industry: theoretical and practical approaches with analysis of the situation in the steel sector in Poland

Climate change and environmental degradation are nowadays the key challenges of the industries in Europe (according to the European Green Deal). The primary goal is to achieve a climate-neutral in Europe by 2050. Technologies with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions should be completely stopped in the future. The iron and steel industry is among the manufacturing industries with high CO2 emissions in Europe. In Poland, steel mills produce about 9 million tonnes of steel per year (average for 2000-2021). Steel mills in Poland use two steel production technologies, EAF and BOF. The first technology is highly energy intensive, and the second has high emissions of CO2. There will be no BF technology in zero-emission smelters; this technology will be replaced by DRI (i.e., direct iron reduction) installations, and electric furnaces will be powered by renewable energy. The paper consists of two parts: a theoretical section and a practical section. In the first section, the way the steel industry moves towards climate neutrality was presented. The part of the paper was realized based on European documents and a literature review. The second part was an analysis of the CO2 emission in the steel industry in Poland. The analysis was realized based on data from the Polish Steel Association.

Method to predict alloy yield based on multiple raw material conditions and a PSO-LSTM network

The production of ferroalloys accounts for a large proportion of the total energy consumption of the steelmaking industry. Accurately predicting alloy element yields is the key to reducing alloy waste, but there are significant differences in alloy yield under different conditions using ferroalloy raw materials during steelmaking. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-model alloy element yield prediction method based on a particle swarm optimization (PSO) hyperparameter-optimized long short-term memory (LSTM) network and raw material condition classification. The accuracy of the PSO-LSTM prediction model was verified through simulations and was significantly higher than that of other network models when using the same raw material conditions. The average absolute error of predictions using raw materials with a low drum index was 0.4485, and it was 0.6162 under a high drum index, which was significantly lower than that (0.7077) under the condition without classification. This demonstrates the rationality of classifying working conditions according to the raw material conditions of ferroalloys. In addition, this paper combines the prediction model with a linear programming algorithm to develop a ferroalloy operating system and uses it in a steel plant to guide workers to complete an alloying operation. After four months of industrial testing, the internal control rate of finished steel composition increased from 91–94 % to 95–98 %. According to statistical analysis, the optimized HRB400E threaded steel consumed 1.23 kg less silicon-manganese per ton of steel, reduced the cost of steel alloy per ton by 8.6 yuan, and significantly reduced the waste of ferroalloys during steelmaking.

Muti-objective optimization on energy consumption, CO2 emission and production cost for iron and steel industry

Due to high material density, high energy consumption density and CO2 emission density, it is not only difficult but significant to clarify the relationship between energy consumption, the CO2 emission and the production cost in different conditions. However, the previous researches rarely refer how to balance the energy consumption, the CO2 emission and the production cost after the fluctuation of material, energy and carbon price as well as what will happen to them if production structure changes. Therefore, based on the conservation law of mass and energy, to study iron and steel manufacturing process (ISMP), this paper, taking carbon price into consideration, establishes a muti-optimization model of energy consumption, CO2 emission and cost. After optimization with different objectives, the production cost per tonne of crude steel is reduced by 192.03 CNY (7.71%), the CO2 emission per tonne of crude steel is reduced by 224.22 kg (13.37%), and the energy consumption per tonne of steel is reduced by 51.20 kgce (9.10%). Moreover, based on the optimization results under different objectives, it is ironmaking process (coal ratio and ore ratio) and steelmaking process (amount of scrap steel) that has more impact on three above as well as ore blending and coal blending have a great influence on production cost but little effect on energy consumption and CO2 emission.