Tongue Injury Research Articles

Diagnosis and treatment of tooth, alveolar bone, lip and tongue injuries

Diagnosis and treatment of tooth, alveolar bone, lip and tongue injuries

Unilateral lingual nerve transection alters jaw-tongue coordination during mastication in pigs.

During chewing, movements and deformations of the tongue are coordinated with jaw movements to manage and manipulate the bolus and avoid injury. Individuals with injuries to the lingual nerve report both tongue injuries due to biting and difficulties in chewing, primarily because of impaired bolus management, suggesting that jaw-tongue coordination relies on intact lingual afferents. Here, we investigate how unilateral lingual nerve (LN) transection affects jaw-tongue coordination in an animal model (pig, Sus scrofa). Temporal coordination between jaw pitch (opening-closing) and 1) anteroposterior tongue position (i.e., protraction-retraction), 2) anteroposterior tongue length, and 3) mediolateral tongue width was compared between pre- and post-LN transection using cross-correlation analyses. Overall, following LN transection, the lag between jaw pitch and the majority of tongue kinematics decreased significantly, demonstrating that sensory loss from the tongue alters jaw-tongue coordination. In addition, decrease in jaw-tongue lag suggests that, following LN transection, tongue movements and deformations occur earlier in the gape cycle than when the lingual sensory afferents are intact. If the velocity of tongue movements and deformations remains constant, earlier occurrence can reflect less pronounced movements, possibly to avoid injuries. The results of this study demonstrate that lingual afferents participate in chewing by assisting with coordinating the timing of jaw and tongue movements. The observed changes may affect bolus management performance and/or may represent protective strategies because of altered somatosensory awareness of the tongue.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chewing requires coordination between tongue and jaw movements. We compared the coordination of tongue movements and deformation relative to jaw opening-closing movements pre- and post-lingual nerve transection during chewing in pigs. These experiments reveal that the timing of jaw-tongue coordination is altered following unilateral disruption of sensory information from the tongue. Therefore, maintenance of jaw-tongue coordination requires bilateral sensory information from the tongue.

Health Hazards and Complications Associated with Electronic Cigarettes: A Review.

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are devices that vaporize and release a sweetened liquid containing nicotine as a substitute for burning tobacco. EC manufacturers have suggested that "vaping" is a safer alternative to conventional smoking because of the potential reduction of exposure to toxic substances. In 2019, National Youth Tobacco Survey reported that 10.5% and 27.5% of middle and high school students used ECs in the previous 30 days (0.6% and 1.5% in 2011, 3.3% and 11.7% in 2017, and 4.9% and 20.8 in 2018), respectively. Increased EC use among younger individuals is mainly because of the widespread perception that ECs are relatively less harmful than conventional cigarettes as they do not involve smoking tobacco and contain little or no nicotine. This review suggests that ECs may not be completely harmless. There are increasing number of case reports on various complications arising from using ECs, which are especially popular among young individuals and could negatively affect their health. Reported complications include lipoid pneumonia, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, multiple reactive pulmonary nodules, subacute bronchiolitis, mouth and tongue injuries, dental injuries, complex facial fractures, thermal injuries, nickel contact allergy, C1 and C2 fractures, and fatal intoxication after ingesting liquids. Complications that develop directly from the substances in the devices and those resulting from device explosion and burning are being reported with increasing frequency. There is an urgent need for legislation and restriction regarding the sale of these devices considering their increasing frequency of use by younger individuals.

Combined penetrating trauma of the head, neck, chest, abdomen and scrotum caused by falling from a high altitude: A case report and literature review

This report describes an extremely rare case of combined penetrating trauma that includes the head, neck, chest, abdomen and scrotum. A 46-year-old male construction worker fell from a 5-metre-high platform, and a rebar that was fixed vertically on the ground penetrated the scrotum into the pelvic and abdominal cavities, passing through the chest, neck, mouth, and nose to the outside of the body through the left side of the head. The rebar penetrated the oral cavity and was palpable on the anterior side of the neck and abdomen. The head, neck, chest and abdominal CT scan and reconstruction showed brain contusion, fractures of the skull and skull base, subarachnoid haemorrhage, palate injury, tongue injury, injury to the right lobe of the thyroid, pleural effusion, pulmonary contusion, cardiac contusion, injury to the left lobe of the lung, neck and mediastinal emphysema, and pneumothorax. Emergency green channels provide a rescue process for urgent and severe cases and smooth and timely diagnostic and treatment process to save patients’ lives. The medical staff worked together as a team for the initial evaluation and rescue. Emergency nurses played an important role in communicating, cooperating, managing insulation and pain, and providing psychological counselling, which greatly enhanced the efficiency and quality of the nursing. After the patient underwent surgery, anti-infection treatment, sedatives, analgesics, nutritional therapy, psychological support, and other intensive treatment measures, he recovered well two months after the injury. Follow-up at 5 and 11 months after discharge showed good recovery.

Identification and Characterization of Oral Injury in Suspected Child Abuse Cases: One Health System's Experience.

Accurately differentiating inflicted from accidental injury in infants and toddlers is critical. Many studies have documented characteristics of inflicted bruises, fractures, and head injuries facilitating the development of clinical tools. There are few studies characterizing inflicted oral injuries, and no clinical tools exist. This study identified characteristics that differentiated inflicted from accidental oral injuries in children younger than 24 months. Retrospective review using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision billing codes and an internal clinical database tool identified children younger than 24 months between 2004 and 2014. Two groups were created according to the presence or absence of a child abuse diagnosis resulting in an accidental injury and suspected child abuse (SCA) group. Statistical analyses were performed on patient demographics, history of trauma, oral injury characterization, bruises, and fractures. Billing codes were applied differently between the accidental injury and SCA groups, even when the same injury was described. Patients with SCA were younger and less mobile when compared with those with accidental injuries (P < 0.0001). Tongue injuries (P < 0.0001) and oropharynx bruising (P = 0.0018) were observed more and lacerations were observed less (P < 0.0001) in the SCA group. The SCA group was less likely to have a trauma history than those with accidental injury (P < 0.0001). Several differences in patient characteristics, trauma history, injury type, and location were identified between the accidental versus SCA groups. A future clinical tool that incorporates age, history of trauma on presentation, tongue injury, and oropharynx bruising may assist medical providers in placing child physical abuse in the differential diagnosis.

Focal localization of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophins in a tongue chronic injury model

ObjectivesChronic injury in tongue causes the variety of reactions in the oral cavity, frequently leading to its functional and structural disintegrity including inflammation and sensory dysfunction, but its detailed profiles were not elucidated yet. One of the chronically injured tongue such as tongue piercing, as a pathological aspect, is currently popular among younger people but may be associated with severe side effects, leading to pathophysiological complications. However, the pathophysiological aspects and related cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tongue injury are not clearly understood. DesignIn this study, we designed an experimental model system using C57BL/6 male mice that mimics a chronically injured situation by penetrating the middle part of tongue with silk suture. After 5 and 10 days mice were sacrificed and tongues were collected and processed for histological evaluation and immunohistochemistry. ResultsWe found that the anterior tongue showed localization of neuro-inflammatory signaling molecules such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nerve growth factor, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) without any apparent inflammation in temporal manner. In addition, the signal for AM1-43, an activity-dependent nerve terminal probe, decreased within the fungiform papillae on the anterior tongue after injury. ConclusionsThese results implied that the distinct localizations of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophin would contribute altered sensory function in anterior tongue following the chronic injury. Our study indicates the possible pathophysiologic mechanism underlying neuro-inflammation following chronically injury of tongue. In addition, it could be cautiously postulated that mechanical injury should be avoided to prevent chronic pain disorders from being triggered.

A case report on sublingual hematoma

The sublingual hematoma is the cause of bleeding and swelling under the tongue it is commonly seen in the people after some kind of tooth surgery or implant or it can commonly see in the people after a mouth or tongue injury.

Bite injuries caused by transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials' monitoring: incidence, associated factors, and clinical course.

The incidence of bite injuries associated with transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potentials monitoring reportedly ranges from 0.13 to 0.19%. However, in clinical practice, bite injuries appear to occur more frequently than previously reported. Our aim was to identify the incidence of and perioperative risk factors associated with bite injuries caused by transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring. Patients who underwent elective surgery with transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring at a single tertiary hospital in Japan between June 2017 and December 2017 were included in this study. All patients were assessed by oral surgeons preoperatively and postoperatively. The associated factors with bite injuries were explored by the univariate analysis. 12 of 186 patients experienced 13 bite injuries, including three lip, six oral mucosa, and four tongue injuries. No patient required suture repair. 11 of 12 patients had uneventful postoperative courses and were cured within 12 postoperative days. One patient with a tongue ulcer and a hematoma had difficulty in oral intake and persistent dysgeusia. Patient severe movement during transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring was associated with bite injuries (p = 0.03). The incidence of bite injuries assessed by oral surgeons was 6.5% in patients with transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring, and the patients with severe movement during the monitoring tended to incur bite injuries. In rare cases, transcranial electrical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring may cause difficulty in oral intake and dysgeusia.

Intra-oral administration of rebamipide liquid prevents tongue injuries induced by X-ray irradiation in rats.

Oral mucositis is a common and serious side effect in patients who undergo cytotoxic cancer therapies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of rebamipide on radiation-induced glossitis model in rats. Glossitis was induced by a single dose of 15Gy of X-rays to the snouts of rats (day 0). A novel form of rebamipide liquid comprising its submicronized crystals was administered intra-orally. The preventive effect of rebamipide on tongue injuries was macroscopically evaluated on day 7 following irradiation. The pretreatment period, dosing frequency, and dose dependency of rebamipide were examined. Two percent rebamipide liquid, administered six times a day for 14days from day -7 to day 6, significantly decreased the ulcer-like area. However, no significant effect was observed when rebamipide was given either from day -4 or from day -1. Four or six times daily, 2% rebamipide liquid significantly inhibited the ulcer-like injury area ratio, but not when given twice daily. Rebamipide liquid, 1, 2, and 4% six times daily significantly reduced the area ratios of total injury and ulcer-like injury in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were dramatically elevated in the irradiated tongues of control rats on day 7 without rebamipide liquid treatment. They were dose-dependently and significantly suppressed in rebamipide-treated groups. Intra-oral administration of rebamipide liquid prevented oral mucositis dose-dependently accompanied by the suppression of inflammatory expression in the radiation-induced rats' glossitis model.

Síndrome da queda de grande altura em gatos: 43 casos atendidos no município do Rio de Janeiro

This study was done in a private veterinary clinic, specialized in cats in Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro.&nbsp;We evaluated 43 cats diagnosed with high-rise syndrome from January 2010 to December 2012. The cats&nbsp;fell from the 2nd to the 12th floor. The average age of the cats was 2 years and 9 months and the average&nbsp;height of the fall was 4.6 meters. From the diagnosed cats 72.42% were mixed-breed and 60.47% were&nbsp;male. The falls happened at any time of the day and, although it was not statistically significant, they&nbsp;happened more frequently during the weekends when compared to the weekdays. The falls occurred&nbsp;in similar proportion throughout the year not being noticed a seasonal incidence as it happens in&nbsp;temperate climates. In 86.05% of the cases, the falls happened from homes where none of the windows had screens. And 13.95% of the falls happened from homes where all the windows had screens. The falls&nbsp;occurred from heights equivalent to up to the 6th floor in 35/43 of the cases and only 8/43 falls occurred&nbsp;from height equivalent to the 7th floor on. 41.86% of the cats had forelimb fractures; 30.23% had hindlimb&nbsp;fracture; 4.65% had forelimb and hindlimb luxation each; 2.33% had spine fracture and 9.30% had&nbsp;spine luxation; 4.65% had pelvic fracture; 6.98% had fracture of the symphysis; 6.98% had fracture of&nbsp;the mandible; 9.30% had luxation of the temporomandibular joint; 18.60% had hard palate fractures;&nbsp;11.62% had tongue injury and 44.18% had facial injury. It was also observed epistaxis in 22.58% of the&nbsp;cases; shock in 6.97%; hypothermia in 11.62%; hypotension in 4.65%; dyspnea in 18.6%; thoracic trauma&nbsp;in 41.86%, being 38.88% pneumothorax and 61.11% pulmonary contusion. It was also diagnosed visceral&nbsp;injury in 6.98% of the cases. From the 43 diagnosed cats, 51.16 had emergency treatment and 44.19% had&nbsp;non-emergency treatment. Six cats died. From these six, two (4.65% arrived dead. We can conclude that&nbsp;young cats are more liable to the risk of falling and the falls can occur at any time. As we live in a tropical&nbsp;climate where the temperatures don´t vary much throughout the year, a seasonal incidence is not related&nbsp;to the falls. In high-rise syndrome fractures and facial injury are frequently noticed, however, we must be&nbsp;aware to identify pulmonary trauma because when they are not properly treated, they can be the cause&nbsp;of death as well as visceral injury.

Epilepsy awareness, knowledge and attitudes among secondary school teachers in Montenegro

Introduction/Objective. Epilepsy is associated with numerous misconceptions due to its dramatic manifestation and poor knowledge among the public. The aim of this study was to assess epilepsy awareness, knowledge and attitudes among secondary school teachers. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey by sending a simple self-administered questionnaire to all secondary schools in Podgorica, Montenegro. The questionnaire contained 16 questions regarding epilepsy awareness, knowledge and attitudes, first aid attitudes, as well as demographic and teaching experience data. Results. We analyzed 219 questionnaires. Almost all teachers had heard or read about epilepsy, 57.5% of whom knew someone with epilepsy; 21% had a pupil with epilepsy in their class; more than 50% had witnessed a seizure, with 25% of them linking epilepsy to a central nervous disturbance. Over 60% of teachers chose convulsions/shaking to be a major feature of an epileptic attack. Forty percent of teachers thought epilepsy could be cured. Almost 80% thought people with epilepsy should get married and have children, but only one third would marry a person with epilepsy. Over 13% would object to their child playing with another child with epilepsy, and more than 50% would object if their child married a person with epilepsy. About 35% of teachers suggested putting something in a person?s mouth during attack to prevent tongue injury and asphyxiation. Conclusion. Awareness and understanding of epilepsy among teachers were satisfactory, but the results also revealed negative attitudes. Teachers need further education about epilepsy to increase seizure recognition and first aid management, reduce stigma, and intensify acceptance of people with epilepsy.

Unusual Coexistence of Giant Cell Tumor and Small Bone Tuberculosis of the Hand - A Case Report

The sublingual hematoma is the cause of bleeding and swelling under the tongue it is commonly seen in the people after some kind of tooth surgery or implant or it can commonly see in the people after a mouth or tongue injury.

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway Is Involved in Muscle Regeneration after Tongue Injury

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway Is Involved in Muscle Regeneration after Tongue Injury

The Incidence and Predictors of Headache and Myalgia in Patients After Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT).

Background:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a safe and effective mode of therapy for a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. However, it is associated with some disturbing side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, dental and tongue injury, confusion, dizziness, headache, and myalgia.Objectives:The present study focused on the evaluation of myalgia and headache and their predictors after ECT.Patients and Methods:A prospective analytical descriptive study was conducted from October 2014 to January 2015, in an academic hospital in northern Iran. Before sampling, the study was approved by the ethics committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 621 patients with psychiatric disorders who were referred to Shafa hospital enrolled in the study. They were evaluated based on a verbal rating scale (4 point scales) 6 hours after ECT, regarding headache and myalgia side effects.Results:6 hours after ECT, 126 patients (21.9%) reported headaches, and 56 patients (9%) reported myalgia. The presence of headache or myalgia 6 hours after ECT was not correlated to the duration of convulsion, treatment sessions, sex, or age. But myalgia at 2 hours after treatment was correlated with sex (0.04). Sex, age, duration of seizure, and treatment sessions were not predictors of headache and myalgia 6 hours after ECT (log regression, enter mode). The intensity and frequency of headaches decreased during 6 hours after ECT (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001, respectively), and myalgia frequency decreased (P = 0.062) but the intensity increased (P = 0.87).Conclusions:The results of the present study demonstrate that headache after ECT procedures was more common than myalgia, but it was mild, tolerable, and decreased within 6 hours of the treatment. It is also notable that we did not found any predictors for post-ECT headache and myalgia.

Soft tissue injuries after direct laryngoscopy

Study objectiveThe study objective is to determine the incidence of oral soft tissue trauma during classic direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation and the risk factors associated with it. DesignThis is a prospective observational study. SettingThe setting is at a ward. PatientsThe patients are adults submitted to elective interventions in general surgery requiring tracheal intubation by classic direct laryngoscopy. InterventionsDuring 6 months, all patients were interviewed 12-24 hours before anesthesia and after surgery and underwent a detailed oral examination performed by an anesthesiology blind to anesthetic management details and preoperative patient care. MeasurementsEvaluation of oral soft tissue injuries includes oral mucosa including the gums; the alveolar mucosa in the edentulous patient, palate, and the buccal mucosa; lips (mucosa and skin); and the tongue. Injury severity was assessed using the severity scale presented routinely in Portuguese legal medicine research: grade 0, no injuries had; grade 1, mild severity injuries; grade 2, medium severity injuries; and grade 3, major severity injuries. Main resultsSoft tissue trauma was observed in 278 (52.1%) patients. Soft tissue injury occurred once in 204 (38.2%) patients, 2 in 64 (38.2%) patients, and 3 times in 10 (1.9%) patients. Tongue injury was the most common type of soft tissue trauma (36.3%) followed by lower lip injury (22.3%), upper lip injury (7.1%), and oral mucosa injury (2.1%). All the lesions were grade 1 or 2. Only oral mucosa injury was found to be associated with age group (P = .021). ConclusionsOur study reveals a high incidence of lesions grade 1 or 2 in soft tissue.

ÇENE SANTRAL DİŞLERDE ÇİFT TARAFLI TALON TÜBERKÜLÜ: OLGU SUNUMU

Talon cusp is a rare dental anomaly that occure in the enamel-cement junction and cingulum area of anterior permanent and primary teeth at maxilla and mandible. Even so social differences, occurrence is less than %1. It may be unilateral or bilateral. It may be unilateral or bilateral. It may cause some problems like; paraphrasia, occlusal interference, irritation of soft tissues and tongue,, esthetic problems and dental caries. Early diagnosis is important in this anomaly for these reasons. In this case report, a 10 year-old female patient applied to our clinic with the complains of paraphrasia and tongue injuries. In oral examination, talon cusp and dentin caries were determined at left-right upper incisors. Talon cusp was removed fractionally and teeth were restored with composite resin. In this case report, fractionally removement of the talon cusp that was occured in palatal side of upper incisor and treatment approach were presented

Images in Anesthesiology: Pediatric Tongue Injury after Transesophageal Echocardiography for Cardiac Transplantation

A 13-yr-old female with congenital heart disease underwent cardiac transplantation. Postoperatively, the patient was noted to have edema and ulceration of her tongue (fig. A) following the intraoral course of the transesophageal echocardiography probe. The injury extended linearly, from the mid portion of the left anterior tongue to the right posterior tongue base and uvula. No airway compromise was noted at extubation, but the patient reported severe odynophagia. Her symptoms improved by the fourth postoperative month despite a persistent scar (fig. B).Postoperative glossal edema has been reported in children1,2 after sitting neurosurgical procedures and in adult cardiac surgery with transesophageal echocardiography.3 Glossal compression can impair tissue perfusion and venous drainage, causing ischemia and edema.3 In severe cases, airway obstruction can occur, and necrotic tissue may require debridement.This patient’s injury likely resulted from compression after prolonged (8 h) transesophageal echocardiography. Low preoperative cardiac output compounded by hypothermia (34 °C) during cardiopulmonary bypass may have predisposed to ischemia. Suggested preventative measures include downsizing transesophageal echocardiography probes for lengthy procedures, gentle repositioning of the probe at regular intervals, and timely removal in the postbypass period.The authors declare no competing interests.

Complications of airway management.

Although endotracheal intubation is commonly performed in the hospital setting, it is not without risk. In this article, we review the impact of endotracheal intubation on airway injury by describing the acute and long-term sequelae of each of the most commonly injured anatomic sites along the respiratory tract, including the nasal cavity, oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and trachea. Injuries covered include nasoseptal injury, tongue injury, dental injury, mucosal lacerations, vocal cord immobility, and laryngotracheal stenosis, as well as tracheomalacia, tracheoinnominate, and tracheoesophageal fistulas. We discuss the proposed mechanisms of tissue damage that relate to each and present their most common clinical manifestations, along with their respective diagnostic and management options. This article also includes a review of complications of airway management pertaining to video laryngoscopy and supraglottic airway devices. Finally, potential strategies to prevent intubation-associated injuries are outlined.

8:36 AM; Abstract No. 103 - Management of tongue venous malformation

PurposeTo determine the efficacy of ethanol embolization in management of tongue vascular malformations.Materials and MethodsThirty-nine patients (22 females, 17 males; mean age: 38 years) presented to my service with tongue vascular malformations. Forty-seven patients had undergone 61 failed previous procedures (embo, laser, surgery, steroid injection, alpha-interpheron, radiation). All patients had baseline arteriograms and MRs. All patients underwent transcath and/or direct puncture ethanol therapy.ResultsOf 39 patients with venous-lymphatic malformations, 18 patients had dramatic reduction and 21 patients' therapy on-going with concurrent reductions (mean f/up: 60 months). One patient with AVM required additional surgery and 1 patient with mixed veno-lymphatic malformation required surgical debulking of excess tissues. Minor complications such as tongue blisters (9 instances) healed spontaneously; 3 tongue injuries healed spontaneously; 3 infections responded to antibiotic treatment; 1 focal numbness resolved.ConclusionEthanol embolotherapy is a primary form of therapy to eradicate high-flow and low-flow vascular malformations of the tongue permanently at long-term follow-up. Rarely is concurrent surgery required. Ethanol sclerotherapy is a curative treatment. PurposeTo determine the efficacy of ethanol embolization in management of tongue vascular malformations. To determine the efficacy of ethanol embolization in management of tongue vascular malformations. Materials and MethodsThirty-nine patients (22 females, 17 males; mean age: 38 years) presented to my service with tongue vascular malformations. Forty-seven patients had undergone 61 failed previous procedures (embo, laser, surgery, steroid injection, alpha-interpheron, radiation). All patients had baseline arteriograms and MRs. All patients underwent transcath and/or direct puncture ethanol therapy. Thirty-nine patients (22 females, 17 males; mean age: 38 years) presented to my service with tongue vascular malformations. Forty-seven patients had undergone 61 failed previous procedures (embo, laser, surgery, steroid injection, alpha-interpheron, radiation). All patients had baseline arteriograms and MRs. All patients underwent transcath and/or direct puncture ethanol therapy. ResultsOf 39 patients with venous-lymphatic malformations, 18 patients had dramatic reduction and 21 patients' therapy on-going with concurrent reductions (mean f/up: 60 months). One patient with AVM required additional surgery and 1 patient with mixed veno-lymphatic malformation required surgical debulking of excess tissues. Minor complications such as tongue blisters (9 instances) healed spontaneously; 3 tongue injuries healed spontaneously; 3 infections responded to antibiotic treatment; 1 focal numbness resolved. Of 39 patients with venous-lymphatic malformations, 18 patients had dramatic reduction and 21 patients' therapy on-going with concurrent reductions (mean f/up: 60 months). One patient with AVM required additional surgery and 1 patient with mixed veno-lymphatic malformation required surgical debulking of excess tissues. Minor complications such as tongue blisters (9 instances) healed spontaneously; 3 tongue injuries healed spontaneously; 3 infections responded to antibiotic treatment; 1 focal numbness resolved. ConclusionEthanol embolotherapy is a primary form of therapy to eradicate high-flow and low-flow vascular malformations of the tongue permanently at long-term follow-up. Rarely is concurrent surgery required. Ethanol sclerotherapy is a curative treatment. Ethanol embolotherapy is a primary form of therapy to eradicate high-flow and low-flow vascular malformations of the tongue permanently at long-term follow-up. Rarely is concurrent surgery required. Ethanol sclerotherapy is a curative treatment.

Lymphatic malformation of the tongue with coexisting intractable epilepsy treated with corpus callosotomy: A case report

Lymphatic malformation, or cystic hygroma, is a congenital ymphangiomatous malformation originating from sequestered ymphatics from the primitive jugular sac, the first sac to appear n the development of the lymphatic systems at the junction of the ubclavian and primitive jugular veins. If the condition is associated ith chromosomal abnormalities the prognosis is less favorable. ymptoms are related to mass effect compromising breathing and wallowing. The neck, classically the posterior triangle, is most ommonly affected [1]. In rare instances the anterior triangle and he suprahyoid compartment are involved and infiltrate the tongue 2]. Treatments for removal include surgical resection and a variety f sclerosing agents. Here, we report a case of a child with lymphatic alformation of the tongue suffering from medically intractable pilepsy resulting in significant repeated tongue injury and failng conventional therapy of lymphatic malformations. Eventually orpus callosotomy resulted in significant seizure control with subequent healing of the tongue injury.