IT WAS NOT UNTIL 1850 when the brilliant chemist, Young, from his earlier experiments in Derbyshire, turned his attention to the shale deposits in Midlothian, Scotland. Young successfully mined, fractionated, and by distillation, recovered about six gallons of shale oil per ton of raw material mined, and it was from these roots that the Petroleum Industry as we know it, was to grow and prosper.