Tomato Market Research Articles

Assessing the Economic Viability and Market Efficiency of Tomato Cultivation under Polyhouse Farming in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

This study was carried out to explore the economic and marketing dynamics of tomatoes and to highlight constraints confronted by cultivators in the production and marketing of tomato crop under polyhouse farming within three districts (Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur) of Kathmandu valley of Nepal. A pre-tested interview schedule was employed to survey 174 randomly selected respondents from different levels of marketing functionaries of tomato value chain. The overall cost (Cost C3) of tomato production under poly-house was observed highest in Kathmandu district (NRs. 1893130.63 per hectare) followed by Bhaktapur and Lalitpur which was found NRs. 1787896.50 and NRs. 1672117.91 per hectare, respectively. In terms of total production in kg per hectare, Kathmandu averages 79091.78, Lalitpur stands at 62267.78 and Bhaktapur records 64941.10. The B-C ratio was found to be 2.82 of Kathmandu, 2.32 of Lalitpur, 2.49 of Bhaktapur. Marketing efficiency of channel I, II, III and IV of Kathmandu district was found 708.5, 2.46, 1.90 and 1.62, respectively for Lalitpur, it was found 685.5, 2.23, 1.69 and 1.41 and for Bhaktapur the marketing efficiency was found 749, 2.12, 1.53 and 1.31 for respective channels. Construction material not being timely available was found to be major constraint faced by farmers in construction of polyhouse with a mean score of 66.2 and high infestation of disease and pest was found to be most significant problemstated by cultivators in production and marketing of polyhouse tomatoes followed by low quality of seed, fluctuation in market price which was the other constraints faced by cultivators.. KEYWORDS :Tomato, Polyhouse, Cost concept, B-C ratio, Marketing cost, Marketing margin, Marketing efficiency.

Preferences for processed tomato products’ attributes: an explorative analysis of Italian consumers using a large sample

IntroductionPrice competition in the tomato market may lead Italian processing companies to adopt product differentiation strategies to attract consumers and raise revenues. Exploring consumers’ preferences for processed tomato products’ attributes can support companies in implementing product differentiation strategies and succeed in the market.MethodsThis study used a convenience sample of 602 Italian consumers to identify consumers’ preferences for processed tomato products’ attributes selected through a literature review and tested by the Best Worst Scaling (BWS) method. Also, a two-step cluster analysis was used to identify and size consumer groups with common preferences for tested product’s attributes.ResultsOverall, our results showed that Italian consumers of processed tomato products strongly preferred attributes such as Country of origin, Organic, and Social and economic sustainability labels. In addition, the analysis shows the existence of three distinct consumer segments such as “traditional,” “price-sensitive,” and “sustainable” consumers. The largest one was price-sensitive consumers followed by sustainable and traditional ones.DiscussionOur findings have practical implications for producers and policymakers. Producers may use claims about the product’s origin jointly with an organic production logo and ethical label to differentiate their products and raise revenues. Likewise, policymakers should enhance monitoring and control measures to ensure with environmental, social, and economic sustainable standards compliance. This will support building consumer trust for those credence attributes. Overall, this study adds valuable insights to the existing literature on consumer preferences for processed tomato products, providing results with high external validity using a large convenience sample.

Marketing Channels Of Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) In Argoayuningtani Farmers' Group, Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali District

This study aims to (1) determine the tomato marketing channels (2) determine the level of tomato marketing margins in each marketing channel (3) determine the efficiency of tomato marketing in each marketing channel. The method used is the quantitative descriptive method. The research implementation method is the survey method. The method of selecting the research location is done intentionally (purposive). The method of determining farmer samples using the total sampling technique and determining marketing institution samples using the snowball sampling technique. The data analysis method is carried out using marketing margin analysis and marketing efficiency analysis. The results of the study showed that there were two tomato marketing channels in the Argoayuningtani Farmer Group, namely the first tomato marketing channel starting from farmers to collectors then to wholesalers then to retailers then to consumers and the second marketing channel starting from farmers to retailers then to consumers. Marketing channel I obtained a marketing margin of Rp 11,000 / kg with an efficiency level of 16.84%. Marketing channel II obtained a marketing margin of Rp 6,000 / kg and a marketing efficiency level of 7.81%.

Marketing Strategy Of Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum Mill) Using Soar And Qspm Methods In The Argoayuningtani Farmers Group, Senden Village, Selo District Boyolali District

This research aims to: (1) determine the internal factors that are the strengths and aspirations of tomatoes marketing in Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. (2) knowing the external factors that become opportunities and results in tomato marketing in Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. (3) knowing the marketing strategy for tomatoes in Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. The selection of research locations was carried out purposively, namely Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. Sampling with key informants. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and recording. The data analysis used is the SI and AI matrix, IE matrix and SOAR (Strength, Opportunity, Aspiration, Result) analysis. The results of the analysis from this research are that the SI matrix has a score of 2.28 and the AI matrix has a score of 2.31. The IE matrix analysis is in cell I, meaning this strategy is to grow and build (Hold and Maintain) with an intensive strategy consisting of market penetration, development and product development that focuses on existing tomatoes. The results of the SOAR analysis show five alternative strategies.

Determining co-movements of tomato prices in the United States and macroeconomic variables in Mexico for 2023

Objective: To analyze the co-movements of macroeconomic variables in Mexico and prices of Mexican tomato exports and to estimate the prices of Mexican tomatoes in American and Canadian supply markets based on Mexican macroeconomic variables. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was conducted using Pearson's coefficient—calculating the standard scores for X and Y. We determined the co-movements of Mexican tomato market prices and Mexico’s GDP, the Interbank Equilibrium Interest Rate (IEIR), natural gas prices, and consumer inflation. Econometric techniques were thus combined with agricultural sector variables as a reliable precedent of the relation intensity between said variables. Results: The coefficient of determination showed an acceptable degree of linear relationship between the market prices of Mexican tomatoes in different cities and the selected macroeconomic variables, with an average correlation of 20%. We concluded that the variables are not entirely independent since they show a weak linear relationship between them. Study limitations/implications: It is crucial to conduct studies to determine whether the coefficients of determination support linearity or independence between the evaluated macroeconomic variables. Findings/Conclusions: Econometric techniques were combined with agricultural sector variables as a reliable precedent of the relation intensity between said variables. The coefficient of determination showed an acceptable degree of linear relationship between the market prices of tomatoes in different cities and the selected macroeconomic variables. We recommend the creation of a price forecasting model.

Morphological and agronomical characterization of beef type tomato hybrids

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops and agro-morphological characterization has a key role in the development of new varieties. In this study, 228 samples of the tomato hybrid type “Beef” (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were characterized by comparing with 11 standard varieties based on 24 quantitative traits and 2 qualitative traits to reveal the phenotypic diversity by using conventional descriptors proposed by IPGRI (1996) and UPOV (2011). A significant level of variability was found in most of the traits studied among the genotypes in two locations. A high level of broad-sense heritability (H2) was detected for many traits such as the number of fruits, firmness, immature fruit color, stem length up to the first inflorescence, total height, and number of days to the first flowering in both locations. There was a highly significant positive correlation among the color values (L*, a*, b*, c*, h*) but no positive correlation between a* and h*. Number of locule had a positive correlation with fruit width and fruit weight, and a positive correlation was determined between fruit length and pericarp thickness in both locations. While fruit weight had a highly significant negative correlation with the number of fruits and number of flowers, there was a highly significant negative correlation between the number of locules and the fruit length-to-width ratio in both locations. Results of PCA showed that PC1 and PC2 accounted for around 15.6% and 13.7% of total variation and 13.8% and 11.8% of total variation for Location 1 and Location 2, respectively. The first five principal components accounted for around 54.2% of the total variation for Location 1 and 48.2% of the total variation for Location 2. Cluster analysis grouped the 239 genotypes under six cluster groups for Location 1 and seven cluster groups for Location 2. Results of the cluster analysis revealed that Cluster 3 for Location 1 and Cluster 2 for Location 2 had prominent genotypes for some of the agronomically important traits like yield. The results showed that present phenotypic diversity could be useful in the selection of best-performing genotypes, which would be important candidates for the beef red tomato market in the spring season.

Tomato Sorting System Based on Machine Vision

In the fresh tomato market, it is crucial to sort and sell tomatoes based on their quality. This is important to enhance the competitiveness and profitability of the market. However, the manual sorting process is subjective and inefficient. To address this issue, we have developed an automatic tomato sorting system that uses the Raspberry PI 4B as the control platform for the robot arm. This system has been integrated with a human–computer interaction interface sorting system. Our experimental results indicate that this sorting method has an accuracy rate of 99.1% and an efficiency of 1350 tomatoes per hour. This development is in line with modern agricultural mechanization and intelligence needs.

Resistance to Azole Drugs by Fungal Species Isolated from Date Palm Samples within Lafia Metropolis, Nigeria

Fungal species infecting fruits are developing resistance to some antifungals. The study determined prevalent fungi in date palm fruits and their resistance to azole antifungals. Dried date palm fruit samples were collected from Modern Market, Old Market, Alhamis Market, Koro Market and Tomato Market in Lafia Metropolis, Nigeria and fungi isolated from them. Antifungal susceptibility test as a zone of inhibition of fungal mycelial growth were recorded for terbinafine, clotrimazole, nystatin, metronidazole and fluconazole. Dates from the old market had the highest contamination with 6.0×103 ± 4.2 cfu/g, while samples from Koro market with 2.5×103 ± 1.7 cfu/g were the least contaminated. A total of 84 fungi were isolated, Aspergillus niger was the most predominant species while Aspergillus versicolor was the least predominant. Terbinafine was the most effective azole against the fungal species isolated with a zone of inhibition of 43 mm in diameter, while fluconazole was the least effective with the zone of inhibition of 0 mm. The organism most susceptible to the antifungal drugs was Aspergillus niger, while Penicillium chrysogenum was the most resistant. Results of this study indicated that, date palm fruits around the Lafia markets were more susceptible to Aspergillus niger contamination than other fungal species, and Terbinafine was the best azole antifungal drug. The study recommends that further research should be carried out with respect to the resistance developed against azoles by the fungal species.

FACTORS INFLUENCING MARKETING OF TOMATOES IN JALINGO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF TARABA STATE, A CASE STUDY OF CBN REDESIGN OF NAIRA NOTES.

This study was carried out to analyze the factors influencing tomato marketing in Jalingo Local Government Area of Taraba State: A case study of CBN redesign of naira notes. Public opinion survey design was adopted for the study; multi-stage technique was used to select 100 respondents. Data for the study were collected from primary source with the aid of questionnaire. Descriptive statistic and multiple regressions were used to analyzed data. Results of the multiple regressions indicated that the major factors that significantly influenced the marketing of tomato are: annual income (0.390), scarcity of money (-989.943), low patronage (-6130.114) and high transaction charges (-205.636). During the redesign of the new Naira notes in Nigeria, various mediums of buying and selling were observed, as reflected in the provided table 1. The predominant mode of transactions (buying and selling of tomatoes) by tomato marketers was through cash transfer 96.0%. The result further showed that the major constraints faced by the tomato marketers were naira scarcity (100.0 %), low patronage (91.0%), transportation cost (94.0%), and failed cash transfer (93.0%). Also, the major medium of buying and selling tomatoes explored by tomato marketers during the period of new Naira redesign are cash transfer (96.0%) and cash payment (90.0%) in the study area. It was concluded that tomato marketing was negatively and significantly influenced by the CBN redesign of naira currency which led to scarcity of money. It was recommended that government should be discouraged from formulating policy that will bring about scarcity of naira currency in the country as it affects marketing of tomatoes and also policymakers and stakeholders in the tomato marketing sector should focus on strategies to enhance income levels, address challenges related to low patronage, and provide financial support to mitigate constraints during periods of Naira redesign.

Study of Tomato Source Material for Breeding Highly Productive Hybrids

In world agriculture, the tomato plays a leading role due to its high nutritional properties, high yields, adaptive abilities and a wide range of uses in fresh, culinary and processing industries. The global tomato market volume is more than 160 million tons. In the ranking of countries, Russia is in 6th place in terms of area and 11th in terms of gross production of tomatoes. Unfortunately, at the moment, a significant part of tomato seed material is imported. The implementation of the import substitution program creates the need to develop domestic breeding and seed production of this crop. The purpose of these studies was to conduct a breeding assessment of parental tomato lines for productivity traits based on statistical analysis methods and to identify promising source material for further breeding work to develop highly productive hybrids. As a result of the research, three best combinations were identified in terms of productivity of hybrids: 2f2-16(8-2) x Veneta, 108t/20 x Victor and 2f216(8-2) x Victor, which have a positive effect of specific combining ability, have average and high positive effects of the general combining ability of both maternal and paternal lines. Two maternal lines 108t/20 and 3f-14 showed a positive general combining ability for early and total productivity and its components. therefore, these parents can be successfully used in future breeding programs.

Economic Analysis of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria

The study examines the economic analysis of tomato marketing in Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were used through a well-designed questionnaire. A multistage sampling was used to select 120 tomato marketers in the area. Descriptive statistics, budgetary techniques, and multiple regression were used for the analysis. The results revealed that married females dominate tomato marketers with an average age of 40 years. About 55.0% of them had household sizes that ranged from 4-6 persons with a mean marketing experience of 7.5 years. The products reach consumers through the channels from farmers through wholesalers to retailers. The results of regression showed that sex, purchase price, labour cost, and transport cost are the main determinants of profitability in the area. The significant challenges faced are the high cost of transportation and the lack of storage facilities. Adequate road network and marketing infrastructure should be provided to increase the performance of the enterprise.

The Application of Institutional Economics Theory in Solving Developing Countries Market Problems - Taking Ethiopia Grain Market and China Tomato Market as Examples

Since the 1990s, when the new institutional economics was first introduced, many economists have been looking for a way to incorporate its ideas into the field of development economics. In this paper, we investigate the prospects of using development economics theory, which is grounded in institutional economics, to address the economic challenges faced by developing nations. In this paper, we conclude that institutional economics theory can be successfully applied to the problem of economic development in low-income countries. Developing nations shouldn't discount the harm caused by irrational trading decisions. When people act irrationally in the market, it can have a negative impact on the economy as a whole. As such, developing countries could benefit from implementing brokerage institutions to lessen the blow of irrational behavior on economic growth.

Evaluation of Agricultural Marketing of Tomato and Cucumber in Qatar Agro Climatic Zone

There is a great demand of tomato and cucumber in Qatar than their production. Qatar has been categorized as BWh (B=Arid or Dry; W=Waste or Desert; h=hot) based on the Köppen's classification. In addition to having high summer temperatures, high humidity, intense sun radiation, poor soil, and strong winds, Qatar also has limited precipitation. As a result, the climate is no longer favorable for agricultural production. Furthermore, the conditions are made worse by the scarcity of cultivable agricultural land. Due to these unfavorable circumstances and the growing emphasis on self-sufficiency, Qatar has adopted protected farming methods including greenhouse farming. The current state of Qatar's agriculture production has been examined in this review by taking into account the amount of crop output, the amount of cultivated land, the reliance on imports, and the value of crop production with reference to two major vegetable crops identified as critical commodity by Qatar National Food Security Strategy Programme (QNFSS) i.e. Tomato and Cucumber.

Estimation of Tomato Resource Use Efficiency and Cost and Returns per Ha in Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, India

"Economic analysis of production and marketing of tomatoes in Raipur, Chhattisgarh" is the topic of the current study. The sample was chosen using a multistage random sampling technique. The Raipur district's 1 Block, 5 Villages, and 60 Tomato Growers were all included in the research. By using the personal interview approach, the main statistics for the season of 2023 were gathered. Different secondary sources were used to gather information on the region, production, and productivity. Tabular analysis was heavily employed to achieve the study's numerous goals. The main conclusions of the study showed that the cost of production per quintal of tomatoes and the cost of cultivation per hectare were both Rs. 67892.643. A total of Rs. 101700.00 was the net profit per acre. The return on investment was 2.50 rupees.

Cultural practices and use of pesticides on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) market gardeners in Loumbila and Ouahigouya (Burkina Faso)

The misuse of pesticides and their overdose on vegetables has an impact on people's health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cultivation and phytosanitary practices of tomato growers at the Loumbila and Ouahigouya vegetable growing sites. A survey on cultural and phytosanitary practices was carried out among 25 tomato producers at these two market gardening sites. Results show that 16% of producers use dams and 80% traditional wells as a source of water supply. The inputs used are mainly organic (cow's mouth, household waste) and chemical (NPK, urea) fertilizer. The frequency of use of chemical fertilizer is once a week at the Loumbila site and only once a month in the Ouahigouya site. All the producers surveyed used pesticides and 67% do not respect the deadlines for indicated on the packaging labels. A total of 16 pesticides (insecticides, fungicides) are used during tomato production. Cypermethrin and Lambda-cyhalothrin from the pyrethroid family and acetamiprid from the Neonicotinoid family were the most used by producers. Most of these pesticides are not intended for vegetable crops but rather for cotton crops. The pesticides used may remain in the tomato in significant amounts and pose a threat to consumers.

Comparative analysis of production and marketing constraints of tomato growers inKarnataka - with special reference to Kolar and Belagavi districts

The present study was conducted to identify the constraints in production and marketing of tomato in the studydistricts.The study was conducted during the agricultural year 2020-21. The multi-stage purposive sampling procedure wasadopted to select the tomato growing farmers in the study districts. The study was purely based on primary data related toboth production and marketing constraints, were identified based on the opinion survey from 96 sample respondents.Garett’s rankingtechnique was used to evaluate the problems encountered by respondents of tomato growers. In thismethod, the farmers were asked to rank the given constraint according to the magnitude of the problem. In Belagavi district,major production constraints were requirement of better management practices (I) followed by high expenditure on plantprotection chemicals (II) and severe incidence of pest and disease (III). While, in case of Kolar district severe incidence ofpest and disease ranked first with mean garret score of 66.64 followed by high expenditure on plant protection chemicalswith mean garret score of 60.79 and timely non-availability of labours and high wage rates with mean garret score of 57.79.Whereas, in case of marketing constraints high price fluctuations stood first in both the districts.

Market Integration Analysis of Tomato Markets in Sudan

Tomato is a leading crop in the world and in Sudan that is characterized by seasonality and perishability, which causes instability in market supplies and prices in the world, including Khartoum State and other markets of Sudan. This study aimed to estimate market integration in Khartoum State, Sudan. The study depended mainly on secondary data obtained from relevant sources. The study used descriptive analysis, Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time series analysis. The results of the time series analysis indicated that the prices of tomatoes were stable and variable throughout the year, reflecting a seasonal pattern. The results of the co-integration analysis indicated the strong integration among the different tomato markets in Sudan, with Khartoum and Port Sudan having 85% and Khartoum and Zalingei markets having a 67% level of co-integration. The study concluded that despite the poorly organized marketing system, the tomato market channel is well-integrated as prices tend to move up and down together in all markets of Sudan. The study recommended the encouragement of production and marketing cooperatives for farmers and traders under the close supervision and management of concerned institutions, ministries, and national and commercial banks and the introduction of adequate and appropriate transportation vehicles and packaging material for tomatoes.

Tomato responses to salinity stress: From morphological traits to genetic changes.

Tomato is an essential annual crop providing human food worldwide. It is estimated that by the year 2050 more than 50% of the arable land will become saline and, in this respect, in recent years, researchers have focused their attention on studying how tomato plants behave under various saline conditions. Plenty of research papers are available regarding the effects of salinity on tomato plant growth and development, that provide information on the behavior of different cultivars under various salt concentrations, or experimental protocols analyzing various parameters. This review gives a synthetic insight of the recent scientific advances relevant into the effects of salinity on the morphological, physiological, biochemical, yield, fruit quality parameters, and on gene expression of tomato plants. Notably, the works that assessed the salinity effects on tomatoes were firstly identified in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, followed by their sifter according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and with an emphasis on their results. The assessment of the selected studies pointed out that salinity is one of the factors significantly affecting tomato growth in all stages of plant development. Therefore, more research to find solutions to increase the tolerance of tomato plants to salinity stress is needed. Furthermore, the findings reported in this review are helpful to select, and apply appropriate cropping practices to sustain tomato market demand in a scenario of increasing salinity in arable lands due to soil water deficit, use of low-quality water in farming and intensive agronomic practices.

Effects of Diesel Price on Changes in Agricultural Commodity Prices in Bulgaria

The aim of this article is to supply the first empirical research inspecting how changes in diesel prices influence the prices of four agricultural commodities in Bulgaria. For this purpose, using a VECM and monthly agricultural commodity prices between January 2011 and July 2022, we estimated short-run and long-run changes in producer and retail prices of cow’s milk, chicken eggs, greenhouse tomatoes and cucumbers due to the change in average monthly diesel prices. The Granger causality test indicates that diesel prices cannot be used to forecast the behavior of producer and retail prices in the four markets considered. Diesel prices can be used to forecast the behavior of producer prices in only the cow’s milk market, and the diesel price predicts retail prices in the chicken egg and greenhouse cucumber markets. The results of the response of the researched prices of agricultural commodities to diesel price shocks indicate a positive response of both upstream and downstream prices of cow’s milk and chicken egg markets and upstream prices of the greenhouse tomato market despite the initial negative shock.

Drought shocks and price adjustments in local food markets in Chile: Do product quality and marketing channel matter?

AbstractLately, economies have been facing an increase in the frequency and magnitude of droughts, which come with potential consequences on food prices. This article aims to analyze how drought disturbances affect price differences in local food markets. Special attention is paid to differences in product quality and marketing channels. To study the mechanism behind price differences, our analysis is framed within the food market integration theory. Our methodology follows a dyadic regression approach, which allows us to exploit the panel data structure of our market price data. We use monthly Asterix potato and long shelf‐life tomato market prices from traditional markets and supermarkets in Chile. To measure drought intensity, we use remote sensing data to construct a drought index. Results show that drought shocks reduce market price differentials around harvesting and commercialization periods, which is supported by the existence of market integration. We also find that prices of high‐quality products, less perishable products, and those taken from traditional markets respond more intensively to droughts and take more time to be transmitted. A direct link between droughts and crop quality, as well as supermarkets’ larger capacity for buffer stock, may be behind these interpretations. Product differentiation and retail price rigidity arguments are also discussed.