University Of Tokyo Research Articles

The impact of British chemistry and physics upon Japanese science in the late nineteenth century: the Williamson–Sakurai connection at University College London

The Meiji period between 1868 and 1912, when the introduction of Western science into Japan started in earnest, was also the time when specialization became an increasingly pressing and complex issue in natural science, especially in Victorian Britain where specialization went hand in hand with ‘interconnectedness’ between various fields of study. This article examines the impact of this complicated situation surrounding ‘specialization’ in nineteenth-century British science on Meiji Japan, taking chemistry and physics (natural philosophy) teaching at University College London (UCL) in the 1870s as an example. It reveals how chemistry and physics became interconnected with each other in UCL's science education by the presence of its chemistry professor, Alexander William Williamson (1824–1904), and the impact of this connection on Japanese science with a focus on Williamson's Japanese student, Sakurai Jōji. This paper argues that the interconnectedness of UCL's chemistry and physics significantly affected the disciplinary identity of the Department of Chemistry at the Imperial University of Tokyo through Sakurai.

Introduction of Environmental Low-noise Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel at Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo

Introduction of Environmental Low-noise Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel at Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo

Wind Tunnels at the University of Tokyo

Wind Tunnels at the University of Tokyo

Missionary Activity of A. G. Ibragimov (1857–1944) in Japan

The paper describes missionary work of A. G. Ibragimov in Japan and his relations with various strata of Japanese society during that period. The main works in Japanese are those of Japanese Turkologists: Misawa Nobuo, Komatsu Hisao and others, including those whose research work focuses on the history of the Ottoman Empire. Ibragimov visited Japan three times. Very little information is available about the first and the second visits; however, the third visit is described in considerable detail in his own diaries, among other things. His communication with the Japanese (who were traditionally considered ardent nationalists) aroused as much interest as his communication with representatives of the ruling class, which, as many researchers believe, could have influenced Japanese politics in 1930s. Ibragimov’s social circle included: Ohara Bunkei, the founder of the Ajia Gikai and the first Japanese Muslim; Toyama Mitsuru, the founder of the Gen’yosha and the leader of the Japanese right-wing movement; Nakano Jotaro (Tenshin), a Japanese thinker and one of the ideologists of the Ajia Gikai; Kono Hironaka, a member of the lower house of the Japanese parliament and the Minister of Agriculture and Trade 1915–1916; Inukai Tsuyoshi, the Minister of Internal Affairs and the Minister of Education as well as the Prime Minister of Japan during the last years of his life; many other representatives of the upper class, including close associates and members of the imperial family. Ibragimov’s activities lead to the emergence of the first Muslim societies in Japan; many representatives of the Japanese nobility and ordinary people converted to Islam and even performed Hajj. Tokyo saw the construction of one of the largest mosques in Japan. It may be argued that the Japanese society witnessed a spark of interest in Islam; moreover, Japan established ties with Muslim countries in the Middle East. He contributed to the establishment of Pan-Asian societies, which functioned until the end of World War II. He was engaged in public awareness campaign as well as teaching: one of his students was Izutsu Toshihiko, the greatest Japanese specialist in Islamic studies, a polyglot and professor of the University of Tokyo.

Situational syncope caused by vomiting in a cat.

A 14-year-old spayed female mixed-breed cat weighing 3.4 kg was admitted to the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Animal Medical Center for syncope after vomiting. Echocardiography, electrocardiography, and thoracic radiography revealed no abnormalities. Holter electrocardiography showed a paroxysmal high-grade atrioventricular block coinciding with the vomiting. Based on these findings, the cat was diagnosed as having situational syncope with paroxysmal high-grade atrioventricular block triggered by vomiting, which improved with antiemetic treatment alone. The cat subsequently died of chronic kidney disease approximately 3 years and 4 months after the initial diagnosis. This is the first reported case of situational syncope triggered by vomiting in a cat.

Online teacher written corrective feedback outside of class time: (In)effectiveness and task engagement

This study examines a common pedagogical approach whereby students view teacher feedback outside of class time. Facilitated through Moodle, it aimed to investigate not only the effect of written corrective feedback (WCF) on learning outcomes, but importantly, how frequently students review the feedback they receive. The study was conducted at a Japanese Women’s University in Tokyo (age: M = 19.6, SD = 0.6). Over a 15-week semester, students were required to write weekly homework assignments. These were then marked by the researcher and returned via Moodle, with students encouraged to read their feedback before attempting the next assignment. In line with existing research in the field, a no-WCF control group was compared against treatment groups that received indirect WCF with meta-linguistic explanations. Further to this, using an online system such as Moodle allowed the provision of linked grammar resource pages through basic HTML code embedded within the WCF itself. At the end of the semester student texts were analysed to measure improvement. When pre-test and post-tests were compared there were no significant differences within groups or between groups on measures of fluency and accuracy. However, what sets this study apart from others that have investigated student engagement, is the use of online activity logs which in combination with survey data allowed the investigation of actual study habits rather than merely those that are self-reported. The results of which give better insight and valid explanations for the outcomes of the study and call into question the efficacy of take-home feedback.

Evaluation of Anisotropic Biaxial Stress in Extremely-Thin Body (100) Silicon-Germanium-on-Insulator p-Type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistor by Oil-Immersion Raman Spectroscopy

Background and ObjectiveSilicon germanium (SiGe)-on-insulator (SGOI) p-MOSFETs are expected for obtaining low power consumption and high current drive of CMOS since SiGe has higher hole career mobility than Si and the compressive strain can be induced in the SiGe channel without complicated heterostructures. In addition, the buried oxide between the Si substrate and the SiGe layer realizes suppression of leak current, and an extremely thin body (ETB) SGOI prevents short-channel effects. Strain engineering is important for improving the performance of p-MOSFETs because the hole mobility increases due to the compressive strain in the channel region. In previous studies, we have reported that anisotropic strain in ETB GOI channels of p-MOSFET improved electrical properties [1]. However, there are few reports regarding the detailed stress evaluation in ETB SGOI p-MOSFETs. The strain state has changed complicatedly by the SiGe device process. Therefore, a detailed stress measurement is indispensable to determine career mobility enhancement in the actual channel fabrication. In this study, we evaluated the anisotropic biaxial stress in the channel region of the ETB (100) SGOI p-MOSFETs by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy.Experiments We prepared (100) SGOI p-MOSFETs along <110> with a channel thickness of approximately 10 nm by applying the Ge condensation process with slow cooling on the 60 nm-thick Si0.75Ge0.25 films epitaxially grown on SOI substrates with 10 nm-thick superficial Si layer [2]. We used the Ge condensation process that combined oxidation and intermixing annealing in order to suppress strain relaxation in the Ge-rich region [3] and obtained Ge-rich SiGe layer (Ge fraction: from 65 to 70%). For the evaluation of anisotropic biaxial stress in the SiGe channel region, we measured longitudinal optical (LO) and transverse optical (TO) phonon modes of Raman spectra for Ge-Ge vibration mode derived from SiGe by using oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy. In the oil-immersion Raman measurements, the wavelength of the excitation light source was 532 nm, the laser power at the sample surface was less than 1 mW, and the focal length of the spectrometer was 2,000 mm. The numerical aperture of the oil-immersion lens was 1.4, and the reflective index of oil was 1.5. We measured p-MOSFETs with different channel widths to examine the channel width dependence.Results and DiscussionFigure 1(a) and (b) show the Raman spectra of the LO and TO phonon modes obtained from the SiGe channel region at channel width (Wch) = 738 nm, respectively. We observed that Raman peaks of LO phonon mode shifted toward the higher wavenumber side compared to the Raman peak of strain-free SiGe. These results suggest that the high compressive strain is induced in the SiGe channel.Figure 1(c) shows the calculated transverse stress (σxx) and longitudinal stress (σyy) of the samples using LO and TO Raman shift for four different channel widths under the assumption of the anisotropic biaxial stress and Ge fraction 68% in the SiGe layer. From Fig. 1(c), we observed transverse stress (σxx) decreases with narrowing channel width. On the other hand, the longitudinal stress (σyy) did not significantly change regardless of channel width. These results suggest that the strain states in the SiGe channel region became closer to the uniaxial strain with narrowing the channel width. These changes are in good agreement with the previous electrical characteristics studies of the GOI p-MOSFETs [1], and it is expected that the compressive strain enhances the hole mobility in the ETB SGOI p-MOSFETs as well.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 22H00208, Japan. A part of this work was conducted at Takeda Sentanchi Supercleanroom, The University of Tokyo, supported by "Nanotechnology Platform Program" of MEXT, Japan, Grant Number JPMXP09F-20-UT-0007. Reference [1] C. -T. Chen et al., IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 69, 1 (2022).[2] C. -T. Chen et al., Proc. IEEE Symp. VLSI Technology (2021).[3] K. -W. Jo et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 114, 062101 (2019). Figure 1

Stress Relaxation of Extremely-Thin-Body Ge-on-Insulator p-Type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Along and Observed By Oil-Immersion Raman Spectroscopy

Background and purpose Strain techniques and channel materials with high carrier mobility are the principal technology boosters for the realization of high-performance logic devices composed of group IV semiconductors such as silicon (Si). In particular, strain engineering plays an important role in improving the performance of metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) from the viewpoint of reducing the effective carrier mass. It is important to evaluate the stress relaxation in group IV semiconductor devices for the optimization of the carrier mobility and the device structure. In this paper, we demonstrated the stress evaluation of extremely-thin-body Ge-on-insulator (ETB GOI) p-type MOSFET along the <110> and <100> longitudinal directions by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy with the high-numerical-aperture (high-NA) lens to realize precise evaluation of strain states in the Ge channels. Experiments Biaxially-strained (001) GOI layer was prepared by applying optimized Ge condensation technique on epitaxially-grown Si/Si0.75Ge0.25/Si-on-insulator substrates with 4-hour slow cooling [1, 2]. After the removal of the thermal oxide, narrow channel patterning was performed by electron-beam (EB) lithography. GOI channel was further thinned down by the cyclic digital etching process (plasma oxidation and wet etching). Surface passivation process was then immediately performed to fabricate GeO x and Al2O3 by plasma oxidation and atomic layer deposition at 300oC, respectively. The source-drain regions were formed with EB evaporated Ni through a lift-off process and Al deposition was performed as the back gate electrode.We used the Raman spectrometer with spectrograph focal length of 2,000 mm. The numbers of grating grooves were 2,400 mm-1 and a visible laser was used as the incident excitation light source whose wavelength was 532 nm. To realize anisotropic stress evaluation assuming the channel region of the ETB GOI MOSFET, we used a high-NA immersion lens for the selective excitation of both LO and TO phonon modes [3]. The high-NA and refractive index n of the oil were approximately 1.4 and 1.5, respectively. Using a high-NA immersion lens, a z-polarized light component can be effectively obtained owing to the aperture angle. Therefore, TO phonons can be excited on the basis of Raman selection rules for (001)-oriented GOI [3, 4]. Results and discussion Figure 1 shows the channel width dependence of the anisotropic biaxial stress of ETB GOI MOSFET along the <100> longitudinal direction obtained by the oil-immersion Raman spectra. Anisotropic biaxial compressive stress at the GOI channel width direction of the GOI channels was observed even when the GOI channel width is wide (GOI channel width ~ 630 nm). The stress along the GOI channel length (the <100> longitudinal direction) is relatively high. These results are clearly different from the stress relaxation in the ETB GOI MOSFET along the <110> longitudinal direction. In previous studies, a clear stress relaxation at the GOI channel width direction was observed as the GOI channel width becomes narrower of the ETB GOI MOSFET along the <110> longitudinal direction (from channel width ~ 200 nm) [5]. The results observed in this study are generally well correlated with the results obtained in strain relaxation measurements of carbon-doped Si nanowires along <100> by X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation [6]. The difference in the strain relaxation mechanism depending on the GOI channel direction may affect the electrical properties, and we consider that it is useful to be physical elucidation of the carrier mobility enhancement. Acknowledgements This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 22H00208, Japan. A part of this work was con-ducted at Takeda Sentanchi Supercleanroom, The University of Tokyo, supported by "Nanotechnology Platform Program" of MEXT, Japan, Grant Number JPMXP09F-20-UT-0007.

EXPANDING EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IN GERONTOLOGY IN JAPAN

Abstract There are two universities that offer Gerontology curriculum and confer Gerontology degrees in Japan, including J.F. Oberlin University and The University of Tokyo. J.F. Oberlin University started its Master’s program in 2002 and its doctoral program in 2004. The University of Tokyo endowed a Gerontology Research Division in 2006 and started its cross-departmental program in Gerontology in 2008. The endowed Gerontology Research Division was elevated to the Institute of Gerontology (IOG) in 2009. From April 2014 through March 2021, the Gerontology program, known as the Global Leadership Initiative for Age-Friendly Society (GLAFS) at The University of Tokyo, was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Today, The University of Tokyo now funds the program which was renamed World-leading Innovative Graduate Study Program in Gerontology: Global Leadership Initiative for Age-Friendly Society (WINGS-GLAFS). This paper first presents a brief history of Gerontology-related events in Japan, including foundational education proposals of The Science Council of Japan, then introduces Japan’s leading Gerontology education programs offered by J.F. Oberlin University and The University of Tokyo in detail. Finally, it presents other gerontology related activities including the Gerontology Literacy Test started by the IOG in 2013.

Rotational/divergent flow and energy conversion of thermal tides in a Venus general circulation model

Venusian thermal tides are discussed as a three-dimensional response to solar heating, which is strongly modified by both barotropic and baroclinic energy conversions in a fully developed super-rotation. Thermal tides such as gravity waves propagate upward and downward from the cloud top (∼65 km) at low latitudes, while tidal gyres such as Rossby waves appear at high latitudes according to the general circulation model (GCM) developed at Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI), The University of Tokyo. Around the cloud-top heating maximum, strong poleward/equatorward tidal flows are formed by both divergent and rotational flows that are in phase, and equatorial super-rotation is accelerated by the equatorward and vertical momentum fluxes of the diurnal tides and the vertical flux of the semidiurnal tides. These thermal tides are a result of solar heating as well as energy conversions from the zonal-mean jet and its related temperature gradient. The gravity wave is thermally forced in the cloud-top heating maximum where diabatic heating produces eddy available potential energy. The Rossby waves are formed in mid- and high-latitudinal regions where diurnal barotropic energy conversion occurs around the zonal-mean jet core and semidiurnal baroclinic energy conversion occurs below the cloud layer far from the solar heating region.

Long-term visual outcomes in pachychoroid spectrum diseases and its associating factors of eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy

To analyze the long-term visual outcomes of pachychoroid spectrum diseases (PSD). Retrospective study. We reviewed the medical charts of consecutive patients with PSD, including focal choroidal excavation (FCE), pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), and pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV). The patients initially visited the Tokyo University Hospital from January 2008 to March 2021. Survival analyses were performed, in which loss of vision was defined as visual acuity (VA) of 0.2 logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) or worse, 0.5 logMAR or worse, or VA worsening by 0.3 logMAR or greater. Moreover, we further investigated factors associated with visual prognosis, particularly in the CSC group. A total of 741 eyes of 638 patients were included in this analysis. The CSC or PNV group showed significantly worse visual prognosis than the FCE&PPE group for VA to 0.2 logMAR or worse (P = 0.0117 or 0.0001, respectively) and for VA worsening by 0.3 logMAR or greater (P = 0.0283 or 0.0037, respectively). In the CSC group, unlike age, sex, or treatment history, the accumulative duration of subfoveal fluid existence ≥ 12 months (continuous or intermittent) was significantly associated with visual prognosis (P < 0.0001). Among PSD, CSC and PNV were associated with a higher risk of vision loss in the long term than FCE and PPE. The duration of subretinal fluid existence was identified as a significant factor affecting long-term visual outcomes in CSC.

Preface

Preface

The 18th Siam Physics Congress (Quantum Era : Together and Beyond; SPC2023)

The 18th Siam Physics Congress (SPC2023) was successfully held during 14–16 June 2023, co-hosted by the Thai Physics Society and the Chiang Mai University. To motivate collaborative academic environment, the congress was organized to be a 100% on-site meeting at the Empress Convention Center in Chiang Mai (Thailand).This year, we had 329 research abstracts submitted for both oral and poster presentations. There were 3 plenary speakers, 17 invited speakers, 110 accepted oral presentations, 187 accepted poster presentations, and 116 full papers submitted for possible publication in all 10 tracks(topics). The scientific program was announced on the SPC2023 website (https://spc2023.science.cmu.ac.th) and also distributed via email to all participants.The opening ceremony was given by the President of Thai Physics Society and the President of Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies (AAPPS). After opening ceremony, Prof. Dr. Junichi Yokoyama (The University of Tokyo, Japan) gave the 1st plenary talk (onsite), Prof. Dr. Jian-Wei Pan (University of Science and Technology of China) gave this 2nd plenary talk (zoom), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tawatchai Onjun (Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology) gave the 3rd plenary talk (onsite), where the size of the audience attending the plenary talks is approximately 500 participants. The oral presentations were arranged into 5 parallel rooms in total of 10 sessions. Each invited speaker was allowed 30-minutes presentation while regular presenter had 15 minutes including questions and answers. The audience-size of each room varied between 30 and 50 people. The poster presentations were held in the poster hall and lasted for 2 hours, which offered extended opportunity to gain insights into the latest research. For full papers, authors of accepted abstracts were invited to submit their full-scale works through the Morressier website for a possible publication in the Journal of Physics : Conference Series.List of Topic, Plenary Speaker, Organizing Institutions, Advisory Committee, Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee, Ceremony Committee, Finance Committee, Registration Committee, Venue and Transportation Committee, Sponsorship and Fundraising Committee, Public Relations Committee, Audio Visual Aid Committee, Sponsors are available in this Pdf.

Beyond the “memory wars”: Teaching the next generation of Korean and Japanese students

Rooted in a bitter history and propelled by a motley sense of shame, resentment, and nationalism, memories of the colonial past remain fraught in South Korea and Japan. This article surveys the course “Beyond the ‘Memory Wars’: Reconciling the Past,” which was offered as part of a hybrid exchange program between Underwood International College at Yonsei University in Seoul, Korea and International Christian University in Tokyo, Japan, to assess the challenges and possibilities of teaching memory studies within a cross-cultural undergraduate classroom. While a mix of earnest curiosity, personal stakes, and healthy competition kept the students engaged, empathetic, and enthusiastic, they displayed a curious commitment to facts and truths. This was manifest in both their learning agility on-site and their mistrust of digital technology—even as they were thoroughly immersed in it. Perhaps owing to their generational milieu, students appeared to need more engagement with memory beyond institutionalized archives and systems of knowledge.

Robert Owen's legacy to co-operative ideas and practices in Japan

Robert Owen’s ideas arrived in the Far East in the late nineteenth century when Japan abandoned its “closed-door” policy. Owen’s views became widely known through numerous translations and publications after the Meiji Restoration in 1868. His ideas have proven influential particularly in the areas of childcare, social welfare, management practice and social movements although his influence on communal life has been limited. Owen has often been viewed negatively as a utopian socialist by Marxists but he has inspired co-operative leaders including Dr Toyohiko Kagawa. Owen has been studied by researchers of social philosophy including Professors Shigeru Goto and Chushichi Tsuzuku. Today, Hitotsubashi University and Meiji University in Tokyo hold the Owen Collection and the Owen Library, respectively. The Robert Owen Association of Japan was set up by concerned researchers and co-operative practitioners in 1958, commemorating the centenary of Owen’s death. It is active in promoting scholarship on Robert Owen and worldwide co-operative history through regular symposia and publications in both English and Japanese. The story of the Rochdale Pioneers remains popular even today and is often revisited by academic essays, books, comics and films while a replica of Rochdale’s Toad Lane Museum was built by Co-op Kobe.

Review of SCWR research in Japan

SCWR (supercritical water cooled reactor) is one of the Generation IV reactors. This review summarizes the results of SCWR design concept development through numerical simulations carried out by the author-led team at the University of Tokyo and Waseda University from 1989 to 2014. They are core design, subchannel analysis, statistical thermal design, fuel rod design, development of fuel integrity criteria, plant system and heat balance, plant dynamics analysis, plant control, startup system, stability analysis, safety principle, safety criteria, safety analysis, transient subchannel analysis and fast reactor SCWR. A brief summary of experimental results on thermal hydraulics, materials and water chemistry follows. Discussion includes SCPR study by Japanese BWR manufacturers, comments on the 2005 INEEL SCWR report, misconceptions about SCWR and commercialization challenges. The SCWR is an innovation in light water reactors based on supercritical coal-fired power plant technology that has been in use worldwide for over half a century. This review covers most of the SCWR design and analysis. For researchers, it is a good subject to understand the design and analysis of light water reactors.

A Comparative Study of English General Education Curriculum System in Chinese and Japanese Universities

China and Japan are both East Asian countries with similar historical backgrounds and cultural origins, and they hold identical attitudes towards English language education in colleges and universities, i.e., improving the English language proficiency of the nationals has excellent advantages for individuals and the country, and the English language education in colleges and universities of the two countries is comparable in many aspects and can be borrowed from each other. This paper focuses on the curriculum system of liberal education in Chinese and Japanese universities and takes Peking University and the University of Tokyo as the objects of study. It compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between the liberal English education programs of the two universities regarding curriculum overview, curriculum objectives, curriculum structure, and curriculum evaluation methods. It analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of the two sides to enhance the strengths and avoid the shortcomings, to make up for the drawbacks of English liberal education in Chinese universities, and to harvest the usable experience.

Space Booking with Multistage Online VCG Mechanism: A Simulation Study Toward Practical Application

Most current reservation systems include only time slots as reservation information. Customers need only to make a reservation by choosing a proper time. The value generated by a reservation is unknown until the customers are served. Therefore, an important shortcoming of current reservation systems is that they require limited information from customers, engendering a loss of social welfare. We surmise that an innovative reservation system including space value can produce more desired outcomes by considering various factors, such as social distancing during a pandemic. Based on that supposition, we adopt the Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) mechanism to achieve social welfare maximization and strategy-proofness. To offset VCG mechanism shortcomings in practical applications, we converted the VCG mechanism to a multistage online VCG mechanism that can do timely processing of customers’ reservations and can thereby maximize social welfare. The multistage online VCG mechanism generates higher social welfare than most current reservation systems, which use a first-come, first-served mechanism. Additionally, we demonstrate that, by adjusting the VCG mechanism bid number to a practical level, the reservation process can be improved considerably with a probability of more than 99% for satisfying the strategy-proofness of the VCG mechanism. Funding: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI [Grant 22H01710] and the Mohammed bin Salman Center for Future Science and Technology for Saudi–Japan Vision 2030 at the University of Tokyo [Grant MbSC2030].

Frontalis Suspension through Infrabrow Skin Excision for Blepharoptosis in Asian Patients.

Frontalis suspension is the preferred approach for blepharoptosis with compromised levator function. Various studies have explored the use of different materials or material shapes for performing this procedure; however, a limited number discuss the specifics of skin incisions. Given that blepharoplasty demands not only functional but also aesthetic results, the authors applied an infrabrow incision, a technique commonly used in cosmetic surgery. This study, the first report involving a series of blepharoptosis cases treated using this technique, explores its viability as a promising alternative to traditional frontalis suspension. This technique was used in 7 consecutive patients exhibiting poor levator function who were treated at the University of Tokyo between September of 2019 and February of 2022. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical photographs and charts. In 1 representative case, visual field angle and frontal muscle tone were also measured. The average duration of postoperative follow-up was 9 months. In all cases, the frontalis muscle was adequately exposed to allow suspension through the infrabrow approach. Significant improvements were observed in the marginal reflex distances without effort from -1.9 to 2.1 mm ( P = 0.0027) and marginal reflex distances with effort from 0.0 to 5.4 mm ( P < 0.0001). Complications included a hematoma ( n = 1), eyelash entropion ( n = 1), transient sensory loss of the forehead ( n = 1), and transient dry eye ( n = 3). The infrabrow incision is a good alternative for frontalis suspension owing to its capacity to offer a broad surgical field, provide effective access to the frontalis muscle, and facilitate excess skin excisions without resulting in conspicuous scarring. Therapeutic, IV.

Preface

This Proceedings presents the written contributions of the participants of 2023 3rd International Conference on Computer, Remote Sensing and Aerospace (CRSA 2023) which took place in the form of virtual conference on ZOOM during July 14th to 16th, 2023 in Osaka, Japan. This was the third version of the annual meetings that began in 2021.The three-day scientific program of the CRSA 2023 consisted of keynote speeches, oral presentations, poster presentations and academic investigation with the participation of delegates from China, Japan, UK, USA, India, Algeria, Morocco, Malaysia, among others. Moreover, the objective of CRSA 2023 was to bring together national and international researchers in order to establish a network of scientific cooperation with a global impact in the areas of computer, remote sensing and aerospace; to promote the exchange of creative ideas and the effective transfer of scientific knowledge, from fundamental research to innovation applied to Internet and aerospace solutions and to advance in the development of new research by means of efficient transference of the knowledge between sectors academia and industry.At the keynote speech part of the Conference, one of our keynote speakers Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas (Kyushu University, Japan) made an address on Adversarial Machine Learning: Is Deep Learning Intelligent? He is currently an Associate Professor at Kyushu University, Visiting Researcher at the University of Tokyo and CEO & Founder of MiraiX. His research interests cover Artificial Intelligence (AI), evolutionary computation, complex adaptive systems, interdisciplinary studies involving or using an AI’s perspective and AI applications. Many of his works were published in prestigious journals such as Evolutionary Computation (MIT Press), IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation and IEEE Transactions of Neural Networks and Learning Systems with press coverage in news magazines such as BBC news. The speakers’ brilliant speeches made the attendees feel like bathing in a feast of knowledge.The Proceedings consists of about 30 contributions that were presented as speeches or presentations at the Conference or as publications in the paper volume. All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of the proceedings journal.The topics of papers collected in this volume cover but are not limited to: High Performance Computing, Neural Networks, Geographic Information System, Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics, Manned / Unmanned Aviation, etc.We would like to thank the members of reviewers for their kind assistance in reviewing the papers. We would also extend our best gratitude to the keynote speakers for their invaluable contribution and worthwhile ideas shared in the Conference. Special acknowledgements go to the editors and staff of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series for their hard work in making this volume published.We hope that the series conference of CRSA will be even greater than ever before in the future!The Committee of CRSA 2023List of Committee Member is available in this pdf.