Token Of Recognition Research Articles

Towards Multimodal Vision-Language Models Generating Non-generic Text

While text generated by current vision-language models may be accurate and syntactically correct, it is often general. Recent work has used optical character recognition to supplement visual information with text extracted from an image. In many cases, using text in the image improves the specificity and usefulness of generated text. We contend that vision-language models can benefit from additional information extracted from an image. We modify previous multimodal frameworks to accept relevant information from a number of auxiliary classifiers. In particular, we focus on person names as an additional set of tokens and create a novel image-caption dataset to facilitate captioning with person names. The dataset, Politicians and Athletes in Captions (PAC), consists of captioned images of well-known people in context. By fine-tuning pretrained models with this dataset, we demonstrate a model that can naturally integrate facial recognition tokens into generated text by training on limited data.

Job Satisfaction among LIS Professionals: A Study with Reference to Librarians Working in First Grade Colleges of Belgaum District

The objective of this study is to examine those factors which are related to job satisfaction among the library professionals working in aided and government first grade colleges of Belagaum District. The Data was collected by distributing the questionnaires. The degree of satisfaction is measured with respect to its different dimensions. The Various dimensions of Job satisfaction (JS) which have been considered are promotion, monetary benefits, job security, physical environment and ICT infrastructure, job profile, organizational culture personal growth etc Interpretation of the data suggests that a supervisory climate which permits a librarian to exercise initiative and professional judgment in the performance of the job is conducive to job satisfaction. The findings revealed that some of the respondents are dissatisfied with the award system, hence to motivate the staff concerned authorities should implement award system as a token of recognition of their innovative or outstanding services to improve their job satisfaction.

Teacher Training at Kazan Federal University:

In 2020, Kazan University received a notable token of recognition for its work in teacher education in the past five years. According to the Times Higher Education, our university is now among the top one hundred in the Education subject rankings. Currently, this is the best position among the universities of Russia, CIS, and Eastern Europe. This validates the strategy in teacher education that the university has been implementing over the past years. 2020 is also a special year because it marks ten years of our federal status – the status granted by an executive order of the President of Russia. Currently, KFU is among the ten largest Russian universities; we have about 50,000 students in the majority of the existing higher education specializations. The University collaborates in many scientific and educational programs, including a federal project for boosting the international competitiveness of Russian universities.

The Punctual and Sustained Effect of Recognition-Based Rewards in Online Communities

Managed online communities frequently use recognition-based rewards such as badges to motivate members to actively contribute to the community. To members, rewards constitute both a goal to be achieved and a token of recognition for their contributions. However, whether such rewards also actually lead to a sustained increase in members’ contribution levels is unclear and a hitherto contested and untested issue. In this paper we argue that the effectiveness of rewards partially depends on the activity that is being incentivized, because individuals’ ex-ante motivations differ from one activity to another. Advancing this argument, we categorize between the inherently distinct core and supporting activities; core activities being more intrinsically rewarding and central to the community, and supporting activities being less glamorous and visible yet crucial to community functioning. Our empirical investigation of the StackExchange community allows us to demonstrate a goalpost effect consisting of exponential activity growth in the ramp-up towards the rewards across activity categories. The post-reward-attainment activity levels, on the other hand, remain sustainably higher for supporting activities while dropping to the baseline values for core activities, suggesting a lasting motivational effect induced by the recognition-based reward.

The Bed and the Tomb

Abstract Building on recent work on the materiality of props in Greek tragedy, this article focuses attention on Proteus’ tomb in Euripides’ Helen as a potent stage property that becomes central to the play’s developing discourse of recognition tokens. Analyzing the play’s allusions to Odyssey 23, this article argues that Helen raises expectations of a bed as sign in the recognition scene between Helen and Menelaus, an expectation that the recognition scene fulfills by positing the eidolon as an ‘empty bed’. After the couple’s delayed recognition, the tomb of Proteus replaces the phantom as material sign of the couple’s union, a solid ‘bed’ that enables their escape and is subsequently incorporated into an evolving discourse of signs known only to them. The cenotaph employed in the couple’s escape plan troubles this discourse of signs by replacing the material tomb with an empty one.

Conspicuous activism: Digital badges and the motivation crowding effect

Digital badges provide citizens with a means to publicly signal their “good” deeds to those in their social networks and thus may act as incentive to engage with social and political causes. However, research suggests that the use of such virtual tokens of recognition may have the opposite affect among those primarily motivated by altruism. Two experiments examined the effects of digital badges on support for activist organizations and their causes. Results of Study 1 demonstrated that among participants high in altruism, being offered a digital badge as a token of recognition for support decreased perceived altruistic value of support, and in turn, willingness to nominate others to spread the word about the organization's cause. Study 2 demonstrated that receiving a digital badge as a token of recognition following compliance with a foot‐in‐the door request (intended to induce self‐perceived altruism) decreased perceived value of support, and in turn, willingness to participate in future activities to promote the organization's cause. These findings strongly support a crowding out effect, suggesting that the use of digital badges may reduce support among those who care by undermining their intrinsic motivation.

Memory, Gender and Recognition in Le Morte Darthur

Abstract This article examines recognition motifs in earlier English romances to better understand female perception and the use of recognition tokens in Le Morte Darthur. Drawing on the work of Mary Carruthers and Elisabeth van Houts on medieval concepts of memory and emotion and Anne Lester on women’s association with the care and keeping of relics, as well as the social and legal roles of women preserving knowledge of familial and sexual relationships, this article argues that medieval English understanding of disguise-perception was gendered and that in medieval culture women were considered to be better at recognising individuals than men. The use of recognition tokens in Middle English romance reflects this gendered view of perception; recognition scenes in Le Morte Darthur uphold this view. In addition, the materiality and efficacy of the recognition tokens in romance denotes the nature of the relationship between the perceiver and the disguised or transformed individual. Thus, when Malory introduces a recognition-token exchange scene between Isolde and Tristan and then frustrates their later recollections and recognitions of each other, he infuses Tristan and Isolde’s relationship with a sense of unease that foreshadows their tragic end.

Chiune Sugihara Izraelyje: pavėluotas priėmimas

This article focuses on the reception in Israel of Sugihara Chiune, a Japanese diplomat who served in Kaunas in 1939-40 and granted transit visa to several thousands of refugees, mostly Jews. The article explains the mechanisms that influenced the recognition of Sugihara in Yad Vashem during a 16-year hiatus since his name first reached this institution. It also argues that the key for the reception of Sugihara in Israel was his recognition by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Among the Nations. Once this recognition was made, it allowed further tokens of recognition that affected his status overseas too

Objects as Actors: Props and the Poetics of Performance in Greek Tragedy by Melissa Mueller

BOOK REVIEWS 120 production of a sort of theory—moral, biological, and satiric—as a reaction” (204). We can ask whether the satirist/performer actually feels the emotions he displays/communicates/describes, but this would be a fool’s errand. It would be missing the point of Juvenal’s satire, which is to engage us with the farrago of emotions seen in and through human experience and to point up the moral ambiguities of life.2 Keane carefully leads us through five books of Juvenal’s Satires, giving consideration both to how these Satires are all connected and to the different ways in which each Satire performs emotion. She deftly pulls together passions, satiric behavior, the speaking “I,” Quellen, bodies, and emotional evolution throughout the 15 ½ Satires to give us a fully fleshed-out and sometimes funny picture of Juvenal with the occasional nod to the ways in which contemporary issues and approaches have affected our understanding of Juvenal.3 She does not allow us to come away with a homogenized picture of Juvenal, but rather opens up the seams of his Satires, using emotions as a tool. She shows us Juvenal “rewriting the satirist’s job description” (216). Keane asks at the end: How would a successor to Juvenal have portrayed him? (213). Keane has answered her own question here: perhaps in just the way she has allowed us to engage with him. She is to be congratulated for giving us a new look at this much worked-over poet. BARBARA K.GOLD Hamilton College, bgold@hamilton.edu * * * * * Objects as Actors: Props and the Poetics of Performance in Greek Tragedy. By MELISSA MUELLER. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 2016. Pp. x + 278. Hardcover, $55.00. ISBN 978-0-226-31295-8. Mueller begins this intriguing and engaging book by underscoring the importance of props, as “actors,” in fifth-century tragic dramaturgy. Previous 2 Even Keane regards herself as performing: “The reading I have performed in this chapter . . .” (85). 3 For example, she says that the explosion of ancient sexuality and gender studies have finally allowed Naevolus to have a presence and a voice in Sat. 9 (p. 109). For humor, see her description of Juvenal “shedding his inner ‘Naevolus’” in Book 3 (91). BOOK REVIEWS 121 scholarship, she notes, tends to downplay the role of non-human elements in Greek tragedy. Mueller stresses that props in ancient drama aid audiences in interpreting the plays and the larger repertoire. Mueller presents six detailed casestudies of various tragedies, each exploring a different category of theatrical objects, such as weapons, recognition tokens, and textiles. The book’s first half involves tragedies as part of a larger poetic and theatrical tradition, while the second treats tragedy’s engagement with contemporary Athenian society. Mueller concludes each chapter with further avenues for study. In Chapter 1, Mueller examines Ajax’s sword as prop in Sophocles’ Ajax, with Philoctetes’ bow and Heracles’ weapons as comparanda. Here, Mueller grapples with the difficult staging of Ajax’s suicide, and the visibility of the sword on stage. Mueller emphasizes that Ajax’s sword is presented as Hector’s Iliadic gift, and the sword thus links the tragic and Iliadic Ajax as it kills him. A recent book, Staging Ajax’s Suicide (Most, Glenn & Leyla Ozbek, eds., Pisa 2015), would have been another excellent resource, both here and for Chapter 5 on Ajax’s shield. Chapters by Patrick Finglass (“Second Thoughts on the Sword”) and Maria Chiara Martinelli (“Aiace e la spada”) nicely complement Mueller’s astute analysis. Further discussion of Philoctetes’ bow and Heracles’ weapons would also have been helpful alongside Mueller’s detailed thoughts on Ajax’s sword. Chapter 2 delves into the complicated semiotics of the textiles of Aeschylus’ Oresteia, especially those in Agamemnon. Mueller not only explores the significance of the tapestry upon which Agamemnon marches to his death, but also suggests an olfactory component—an especially keen-scented audience may have smelled the prop’s porphyra-dye. So too, perhaps, could the character of Cassandra smell latent danger mingled with the dye and Agamemnon’s putrefaction. Mueller also emphasizes the “intertheatricality” of props, since props were often reused between productions. Mueller tracks the bloodstained...

Notes on Contributors

Previous article FreeNotes on ContributorsPDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreAndrew Barnaby is an associate professor of English at the University of Vermont specializing in early modern English literature and intellectual history. His current research includes a study of Shakespeare’s plays, entitled “Working Through: The Comic Endings of Shakespeare’s Tragedies,” and a study of the Bible, entitled “The Great Divide: Reading the Bible as a Non-believer.” His most recent work on Shakespeare includes two essays, “Tardy Sons: Hamlet, Freud, and Filial Ambivalence” and “‘It is the cause … Let me not name it!’: (mis)Reading Memento through Othello.”Christy Pichichero is an assistant professor of French at George Mason University. She received an AB in comparative literature from Princeton University, a bachelor’s of music in opera singing from the Eastman School of Music, and a PhD in French Studies from Stanford University. She has held fellowships at Cambridge University (King’s College), the École Normale Supérieure (Paris), and West Point Military Academy. She is the recipient of the 2015 Tyree-Lamb Fellowship from the Society of the Cincinnati and won Georges Lurcy, Geballe Dissertation Prize, and G. J. Liebermann Fellowship awards for her dissertation. Her work focuses on early modern French literature, history (intellectual, political, social), and cultures of war and has appeared in French Historical Studies and the edited volume France and Its Spaces of War: Experience, Memory, Image (Palgrave, 2009). She is finishing a monograph tentatively entitled The Military Enlightenment: War and Culture in France and America from Louis XIV to Napoleon.Patricia Wareh is an assistant professor in the Department of English at Union College in Schenectady, New York. She has written articles on such topics as the relationship between presentations of courtesy and the reader’s judgment in The Faerie Queene (in Spenser Studies) and the relationship between tokens of recognition and female virtue in Cymbeline (in Renaissance Papers). A forthcoming article in Modern Philology argues that Shakespeare’s portrait of masculinity in Much Ado about Nothing is fundamentally indebted to The Faerie Queene. She is currently at work on a book-length project exploring the relationship between reader and audience engagement in Renaissance England.Robert N. Watson is Distinguished Professor of English and associate dean of humanities at UCLA; he also holds the Neikirk Term Chair for Educational Innovation. His books explore ambition in Shakespeare, parody in Ben Jonson, the fear of death in Renaissance culture, the Renaissance roots of environmentalism (in the multiple-prize-winning Back to Nature), and Kurosawa’s film adaptation of Macbeth. He has edited several volumes of and about Jonson’s drama, including a new collection of the major comedies from Bloomsbury, and published articles on a wide range of topics, as well as poems in the New Yorker and many other journals. He has won Guggenheim, NEH, and ACLS senior research fellowships, as well as UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching award and Gold Shield Faculty Prize. He is currently working on books about the interplay of human and other life in the Renaissance and about the role of the arts and humanities in cultural evolution. Previous article DetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Renaissance Drama Volume 43, Number 1Spring 2015 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/681601 Views: 104Total views on this site © 2015 Northwestern University. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Neither father nor biological mother. A qualitative study about lesbian co-mothers' maternity care experiences

ObjectiveTo explore lesbian co-mothers' maternity care experiences and their implications for the caring encounter. MethodsA qualitative interview study with data from a convenience sample of eleven Norwegian comothers was conducted. Systematic text condensation was used for data analysis. ResultsAnalysis showed that ordinary tokens of recognition created feelings of being included, while lesbian self-confidence played a major role in awkward encounters. Being neither father nor biological mother sometimes challenged parental identity. Being women helped co-mothers understand what their partners went through but they had to find other ways of mothering than if they had given birth themselves. Co-mothers addressed themselves with different terms and perceived some concepts as unnatural or excluding. Parental identity was defined by their relationship to baby, and the term “co-mother” was perceived as a bureaucratic concept. ConclusionFor lesbian co-mothers, being recognized in maternity care implies that they are valued for the qualities that separate them from other user groups on a personal level. On a societal level, being recognized is related to acknowledgement of inventive ways of doing family. Everyday signs of recognition may prevent moral violation, and by paying particular attention to use of language, staff can help co-mothers feel acknowledged.

Investigating online recognition for blood donor retention: an experiential donor value approach

Recognising that charitable behaviour can be motivated by public recognition and emotional satisfaction, not‐for‐profit organisations have developed strategies that leverage self‐interest over altruism by facilitating individuals to donate conspicuously. Initially developed as novel marketing programmes to increase donation income, such conspicuous tokens of recognition are being recognised as important value propositions to nurture donor relationships. Despite this, there is little empirical evidence that identifies when donations can be increased through conspicuous recognition. Furthermore, social media's growing popularity for self‐expression, as well as the increasing use of technology in donor relationship management strategies, makes an examination of virtual conspicuous tokens of recognition in relation to what value donors seek particularly insightful. Therefore, this research examined the impact of experiential donor value and virtual conspicuous tokens of recognition on blood donor intentions. Using online survey data from 186 Australian blood donors, results show that in fact emotional value is a stronger predictor of intentions to donate blood than altruistic value, whereas social value is the strongest predictor of intentions if provided with recognition. Clear linkages between dimensions of donor value (altruistic, emotional and social) and conspicuous donation behaviour (CDB) were identified. The findings provide valuable insights into the use of conspicuous donation tokens of recognition on social media and contribute to our understanding into the under‐researched areas of donor value and CDB.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The environment as a strategic priority in the European Union–Brazil partnership: is the EU behaving as a normative power or soft imperialist?

In 2007, Brazil entered the European Union’s (EU) list of strategic partners; a token of recognition of the place Brazil occupies in current global affairs. Although promoting bilateral environmental convergence is a stated priority, cooperation between the EU and Brazil in this policy field is largely under-researched, raising interesting questions as to whether the current state of play could support EU claims for the normative orientation of its external environmental policy. Through an analysis of partnership activities in the fields of deforestation and biofuels, we suggest that while normative intentions may be regarded as a motivating force, critically viewing EU foreign environmental policy through a ‘soft imperialism’ lens could offer a more holistic understanding of the current state of bilateral cooperation. While the normative power thesis can be substantiated with regard to deforestation, we argue that by erecting barriers to shield its domestic biofuels production, the EU is placing trade competitiveness and economic growth above its normative aspirations. Subsequently, the partial adoption of sustainable development as an EU norm leads to policy incoherence and contradictory actions.

The De-Paganization of Daphnis and Chloe in the Christian West

The De-Paganization of Daphnis and Chloe in the Christian West Mary Cozad Daphnis and Chloe is a late Hellenistic pastoral romance, in all probability dating from the late second or early third century of the Christian era.1 Its author was one Longus, probably a resident of the island of Lesbos, as the surname was fairly common there.2 Otherwise, we only know that he was a highly-skilled rhetorician of the Second Sophistic, based on a reading of the romance itself. Daphnis and Chloe tells the story of two abandoned infants, each raised by different families on the island of Lesbos. They herd their flocks together, and as their physical attraction for each other grows, they try to discover the mysteries of sex, unsuccessfully, despite a general sex ed instruction by the elderly cowherd Philetas, who had been ordered by Eros himself to teach them, and a more specific "hands-on" initiation of Daphnis by the former prostitute Lykanion. Eventually, through a series of events that occur during a visit by the estate's master, they learn the identity of their respective true parents by means of the recognition tokens which had been abandoned with them. Daphnis's true father is the master himself, and Chloe's another wealthy inhabitant of Mytelene, the principal city of Lesbos. The two are restored to their families, and they marry, but choose to remain in the country as masters of the rural estate on which Daphnis had lived as a peasant-slave.3 Symmetrically structured around the seasons, the tale includes such highlights as Daphnis's fall into a wolf pit and rescue by Chloe; the cowherd Dorcon's disguising himself as a wolf to try to abduct Chloe, but suffering injuries at the jaws of the children's dogs; the elderly peasant Philetas's discourse on Eros; two abductions—Daphnis's by pirates/cattle rustlers, and Chloe's by invaders from a neighboring city; Daphnis's sexual initiation by the aforementioned Lykanion; a grape harvest, a winter birdhunting; and the attempted procurement of Daphnis as a "boy-toy" by the parasite Gnathon, who, once Daphnis's true identity is known, redeems himself by rescuing Chloe from an abduction by one of her other suitors. [End Page 83] What most distinguishes Daphnis and Chloe from other works of Greco-Roman antiquity is its portrayal of what we today call pagan religion. The heart, and dare I say, soul, of Daphnis and Chloe is the feeling that the principal characters are under the loving protection of benevolent divinities: three Nymphs, the woodland deity Pan, with whom the Nymphs are in close alliance, and Eros, the life force of the universe, of whom the other divinities may be merely manifestations. Chalk,4 in fact, has seen Daphnis and Chloe as a mystical text exalting Eros, if, I would note, mysticism can be fun. The gods appear in the form both of epiphanies to wide-awake characters and in prophetic dreams—sometimes to characters who have been temporarily put to sleep for the very purpose of receiving the counsel of a god. Especially interesting is the portrayal of Pan. He displays his customary lust and cruelty in the last two of the recounted myths in this story,5 naively (and comically) criticized by Chloe, when she asks Daphnis to swear to the sincerity of his love by his goats, not Pan, who is not trustworthy in matters of the heart. In the main narrative, however, Pan is never anything but fiercely and benevolently protective toward Chloe and the young pair. In other words, the gods of Daphnis and Chloe are not the nasty pagan deities of Homer and Virgil,6 subsequently ironized by Ovid,7 but nature-deities, ever favorable to humankind, love, procreation, and the fertility of the earth, livestock, and humanity. At the hands of Daphnis and Chloe's sixteenth-century humanist translators/ adapters, they may become something different—or disappear altogether. Such differences are present in the work of four sixteenth-century authors, first with regard to the portrayal of pagan religion and the gods themselves, and secondarily, with respect to social attitudes affected by religion—at least in the Christian...

A Legacy of Giving: In Memory of William Alfred Cook, Founder of the Cook Group

It is incredibly rare to speak of an individual whose passion, drive, and innovation touched the lives of so many around the world, yet William Alfred Cook was such an individual. As an entrepreneur, Mr. Cook was an inspiration and was once described as someone who ‘‘ . . . truly epitomized the meaning of success.’’ His company, Cook Medical, was started in 1963 in his spare room with only 1,500 dollars in invested capital and his wife as the sole employee. The business soon grew and is currently a two billion-dollar global entity of 42 companies employing more than 10,000 people across the United States, Europe, Asia, and Latin America. The world of interventional radiology owes much to Mr. Cook for his work as a pioneer in the development of cutting-edge, minimally invasive medical device technologies that have helped heal countless numbers of patients around the world. As a philanthropist, Mr. Cook was dedicated to preserving the American architectural legacy for future generations to enjoy. Along with his family, he was involved in the renovation of several significant buildings in America. He also believed in the importance of highquality medical training, and Cook Medical provided financial support to numerous training institutions as well as funding for some of CIRSE’s Foundation Grants. During the 2008 CIRSE annual congress, Mr. Cook bestowed a great honor upon our society by accepting our lifetime achievement award—the CIRSE Gold Medal. This was a small token of recognition for—and appreciation of— his remarkable contributions to minimally invasive medicine; a sentiment shared throughout the European community. Bill Cook will always be remembered as a pioneer, a humanitarian, and a gentleman whose exemplary approach to life will continue to inspire the world for many years to come.

CONCEPTS IN THE LINGUO-TERRITORIAL DICTIONARY OF LATGALE

<p>Particular article is aimed at analysis of data from the questionnaire "Latgola is ...", providing insight into the selected cultural symbols, concepts of the future linguo-territorial dictionary of Latgale. The questionnaire is carried out in April – July 2010, by surveying 1959 inhabitants of the Latgale planning region, at least for 20 years residing in Latgale. Respondents in four age groups (12–25, 26–44, 45–63, 64–80) participated in the poll, among participants of the questionnaire 42.4% were men and 56.9% were women, a relatively high is number of respondents with higher education: 30.3%. Respondents from 20 municipalities of the Latgale planning region and 2 cities of republican significance were interviewed. Size of the general group at 2010 was 339,783 inhabitants.</p><p>Top tokens of Latgale are related to ethnicity (latgalīts, čangaļs, lobs cylvāks, vasals), religion (Aglyuna, kopusvātki). Characteristic Catholic signs are no longer clearly perceptible and attributable to the formula: if Latgalian, then a Catholic, and vice versa, since both tokens, on the one hand, become secularized, on the other hand, become a symbol of Catholic unity (Aglona) or the family unity (kapusvētki). In the field of Latgale concepts an increasingly important role is devoted to Latgalian language as representative token of recognition of their own and other Latvians.</p><p>In total 214 tokens can be highlighted, which more than half of the respondents highlighted as concepts being characteristic for Latgale (and therefore in the questionnaire marked by at least 980 respondents). On these tokens also entries in the Latgale linguo- territorial dictionary are based:</p><p>Names and name combinations to designate historical, cultural or natural facts and phenomena of the Latgale: sādža, šifers, buoba, buorineite, Leivuona stykls, buļvis, Andrejdīna, abādys, zemnīks, muols.</p><p>Personal names: place-names, anthroponyms: Aglyuna, Daugava, Piters, Boņuks, Visvaļds, Jersika, Grebļa kolns, Dagda, Mūks Roberts, Manteifeļs, Jūrdžs.</p><p>Titles of artistic works, periodicals, groups: “Cylvāka bārns”, “Bez PVN”, “Deds ar buobu”, “Tauta grib dzeivuot”, “Dziga”, “Gaisma”, “LaKuGa”, “Tik skaidra volūda”.</p><p>Non-equivalent vocabulary (one that is internationalized or (as the reality designation)) is characteristic to a defined area: šmakovka, gryuslis, cupka, cymuss, sipisnīks, šaļteņa.</p><p>At the same time one of key purposes of the dictionary is awareness raising of the Latgale Latvians, which means that researchers of the ESF project „Linguo-Cultural and Socio-Economic Aspects of Territorial Identity in the Development of the Region of Latgale” (Nr.2009/0227/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/071) in the dictionary concept have left also such signs, which are perhaps not as popular and known to most inhabitants of Latgale, but are important for understanding of the Latgale traits, its originality.</p><p>Writers of the dictionary hope that the said edition will not only permit to start a new publication series in Latvia, but also to help people from another district to understand and to adopt the differences and for the Latvian from Latgale to find in multicultural environment the most important values generating the Latgale traits.</p>

Athens in a Basket: Naming, Objects, and Identity in Euripides' Ion

In this essay I explore two distinctly gendered strategies of recognition in Euripides' Ion. His human surrogate father, Xouthos, names Ion but fails to recognize him as Athens' lost son, whereas Athenian heirlooms-an olive wreath, golden snakes, and a woven aegis-restore Ion, via Kreousa's memory, to the city of his birth. These material and maternal symbols of identity enroll Ion into the elite ranks of autochthonous Athenians. As icons, moreover, of foundational moments in Athens' own history, the recognition tokens exert their "pull" on the play's Athenian audience, prompting them to see themselves in Ion and consequently to recognize their own Erechtheid origins.

Editors’ Introduction

Editors’ Introduction Sandra L. Beckett and Lissa Paul The final general issue of 2009 is also the final issue to be edited by Sandra and Lissa. We would like to extend our thanks to The Johns Hopkins University Press for their advice and support through the years of our tenure as editors. Much of the success of The Lion and the Unicorn has been due to the exceptionally high production values and editorial care provided by JHUP. Our thanks especially to Bill Breichner, publisher, Carol Hamblen, production manager, Alta Anthony, journals circulations manager, our wonderful production coordinator Kris Zgorski and our copyeditor, Mary Hashman—for all their good advice, careful editing, and patient attention to detail. We also want to take this opportunity to welcome the incoming editorial team, Karin Westman, Naomi Wood, and David Russell. Through 2009 they have been handling new submissions, and they assume complete editorial responsibility with the January 2010 issue. As we reflect on the September 2009 issue, we realize that it never ceases to amaze us that the essays chosen for general issues frequently have common threads and shared concerns, even when individual essays were not specifically selected for their coherence. That is once again the case for this issue. Most of the essays deal with consumerism, either economic or cultural (sometimes both). In the first two essays, the theme of commodification is interfaced with classic fairy tales. In “Rewriting ‘Little Red Riding Hood’: Victorian Fairy Tales and Mass-Visual Culture,” Laurence Talairach-Vielmas challenges the commodification of “Little Red Riding Hood” during the advent of mass visual culture through her analysis of Anne Thackeray Ritchie’s and Harriet Louisa Childe-Pemberton’s Victorian revisions of Perrault’s tale. Amanda K. Allen, in “The Cinderella-Makers: Postwar Adolescent Girl Fiction as Commodity Tales,” focuses on two “commodity tales” aimed at the teenage girl consumer of the 1940s and 1950s: Betty Cavanna’s Going on Sixteen and Mary Stolz’s Rosemary. Using the theories of Bourdieu and Irigaray, Allen examines these adolescent girl romance novels as Cinderella case [End Page v] studies in which money provides the “Right Dress” as the magical token of recognition. Whereas Allen considers post–World War II adolescent girl fiction as commodity tales, Jackie E. Stallcup, “Stamping the Coin of Character: Elsie Dinsmore and the Power of Christian Wealth,” examines Christian wealth in Martha Finley’s post–Civil War Elsie Dinsmore series. Although the previous essays point to the dangers of consumer culture, Stallcup convincingly argues that “Christian wealth” allows Finley’s protagonist to have a positive and powerful social impact in the post–Civil War South. Cultural capital is also the focus of Erica Hateley’s essay, “Magritte and Cultural Capital: The Surreal World of Anthony Browne.” Hateley argues that Browne’s appropriation of Magritte reflects a desire not so much to make art accessible to all, but to link his own work with that of a canonical cultural heritage. She points out that the action taken by the Magritte estate against Browne links cultural capital inextricably to economic capital. Like Hateley, who is almost alone in interrogating the politics of Browne’s artistic references, Joe Sutliff Sanders questions the generally accepted subversiveness of metafiction in children’s literature, at least in fiction about reader-book relationships. Through an analysis of China Miéville’s Un Lun Dun, he demonstrates instead metafiction’s ability to open spaces for critical reading. Artistic references and metafictional devices such as those examined in the Hateley and Sutcliff Sanders essays have both been seen as characteristics of crossover works. The final general essay, “Tove Jansson and the Crossover Continuum,” by Maija-Liisa Harju, argues convincingly that a philosophy of continuum between life stages is inherent in much crossover fiction. Harju’s analysis of Moominpapa at Sea, marketed for children, and The Summer Book, marketed for adults, shows how one author uses complex themes, often of an existential nature, to appeal to readers of all ages. Although Harju’s goal is not to consider the cultural capital of Finland’s national treasure, she does touch on the highly commodified nature of Jansson’s Moomin stories, which have a Disney-like status in some countries...

A Survey of Advisory Board ABCs … Advice, Balance, and Charge

This study identified several characteristics of effective journalism advisory boards. Its results suggest that board membership should be balanced and that faculty support and participation is preferable. What's more, board members need not be compensated, but a token of recognition for their participation is necessary. Also, boards should not be involved in departmental personnel issues. Successful boards recommended that members be knowledgeable and active in their profession. Finally, board role expectations must be clear, and boards must have sufficient information about the program to make sound decisions.

En lisant le Tome 1 du Handbook of Agricultural Economics

The recent publication of a «Handbook of Agricultural Economies» is a good new for the agricultural economic profession. It stands as both a useful tool and a token of recognition for the contribution to knowledge. Yet, as a general picture of our colleagues' activities, it raises the question of the permanent validity of the forty-year- old Leontief s flattering appraisal regarding agricultural economics : did they not give allegiance to general economists to the point of taking back all their worse habits, while leaving out their own field, and forgetting the true specificity of agriculture, as well as the very nature of economic phenomenon present in this field ?