Tofu Industry Research Articles

Effectiveness of Ozonation Process on Treating Tofu Industrial Liquid Waste: Effect of pH Conditions

The tofu industries in Indonesia produce a considerable amount of liquid waste. Most of these tofu industries do not treat waste properly. Liquid waste is channeled directly to the nearest water stream, and thus the values of COD, BOD and TSS are considerably high, which can damage the aquatic ecosystems. According to the Indonesian government rule (Permen LH no.5/2014), the maximum levels of COD, BOD and TSS are 300 mg/L, 150 mg/L, and 200 mg/L. One of alternative methods to reduce these three parameters is the ozonation method. Ozone is able to break down organic components well because of its strong oxidative properties (2.07 mV) and it can decompose into OH radicals which have stronger oxidative properties (2.80 mV). The objectives of this study are to reduce the levels of COD, BOD and TSS of tofu liquid waste into below of the maximum level set by the Indonesian government rule and to study the effect of pH conditions on the effectiveness of ozonation process. Ozonation is carried out under conditions at acidic pH, alkaline pH, and neutral pH, and with a waste concentration of 10%. Ozonation is done by flowing ozone directly into the waste for 120 minutes with an interval of 30 minutes. The levels of BOD, COD, and TSS before ozonation were 1,200 mg/L, 880 mg/L and 600 mg/L. After ozonation, it was found that the levels of COD, BOD and TSS of the waste without any pre-treatment (or acidic condition) was able to be reduced by 46.6%, 44.5% and 41.6%, respectively. Whereas, in neutral conditions the decreases of COD, BOD, and TSS were about 64.3%, 67.0%, and 62.4%, respectively. Optimum ozonation was found in alkaline conditions with the decreases in COD, BOD, and TSS values were about 85.4%, 84%, and 100%, respectively.

MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI TAHU (Studi pada Sentra Industri Tahu di Kelurahan Abian Tubuh Kota Mataram)

Industrial Waste Management is one of the serious problems in the era of industrialization. Therefore waste management must be handled early during the production process. This means that the waste treatment process must be carried out from upstream to downstream. This study aims to build a waste management optimization model with quantitative analysis conducted through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews that combine the results of producer and consumer interviews. The results showed that there are many aspects related to waste from the tofu industry in the Abian Body Village, so it made waste optimization very important.

Utilization of tofu wastewater as a cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis

Tofu is one of favourite daily meal in Indonesia. It is produced freshly in some small to large-scale industries, and generates a large volume of wastewater. Generally, untreated wastewater from tofu industries in Indonesia is still directly disposed to the environment that can cause severe pollution in water resources. Tofu wastewater contains very high organic compounds and nutrients, but it has an acidic pH. The possibility of utilizing tofu wastewater as a cultivation medium for microalgae is intriguing. The objective of this research was to utilize tofu wastewater as a cultivation medium for Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis. Cultivation of microalgae was conducted for ten days using 3, 5, and 10 % of diluted tofu wastewater. For comparison, the tofu wastewater anaerobic digestion effluent (TW-ADE) was used as the medium. Walne medium was used as a positive control, and distilled water was used as a negative control. Both microalgae showed the highest biomass and protein production was in Walne medium (positive control), followed in 5% tofu wastewater medium for C. vulgaris, and 3 % tofu wastewater medium for A. platensis. The highest chlorophylls content of C. vulgaris and A. platensis was in 5 % tofu wastewater and Walne medium, respectively. The most top carotenoid content of C. vulgaris and A. platensis was in 5 % and 10 % tofu wastewater medium, respectively. On the other hand, biomass, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and protein content of both microalgae in TW-ADE medium had the lowest result. Cultivation of C. vulgaris and A. platensis in tofu waste medium offer a wide range of environmental and economic benefits, as a sustainable strategy to treat wastewater and produce high-value products from microalgae.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Personal Determinants related to Dermatitis Contact in Tofu Industry Workers: Case study in Kuningan, Indonesia

Contact Dermatitis is reported as the most common occupational skin disease. Itis a pathological event in non-infectious skin that occurs because workers have contact with irritants or allergens. This study aimed to determine analysis Pesonal Protective Equipment and Personal Determinants associated with symptoms of contact dermatitis in tofu industry workers in Kuningan, Indonesia. This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Kuningan District Indonesia in July 2019. Study population was all informal tofu industry workers in Kuningan District Indonesia with a total sample of 149 workers taken using proportionate stratified random sampling. The independent variables were use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), personal determinants (working periode, contact duration, personal hygiene practices, history of skin disease) and the dependent variable were symptoms of contact dermatitis. Interviewed and observation were done using structured questionnaires. Analysis of the data used was the Chi-square test using Prevalence Ratio (PR). The Result of this study showed that workers who experienced symptoms of contact dermatitis were 95 workers (63,8%). Data analysis obtained use of PPE (PR = 4.285; 95% CI = 2,097-8,757; p = 0.001) and personal determinants were working period (PR = 2,733; 95% CI = 1,364-5,436; p = 0.004), contact duration (PR = 2,322; 95% CI = 1,088-4,958; p = 0.027), personal hygiene (PR = 5,146; 95% CI = 2,488-10,645; p=0.001), history of skin diseases (PR = 3,518; 95% CI = 1,621-7,637; p = 0.001). There is a relationship between the use of PPE and personal determinants were working period, contact duration, personal hygiene, and history of skin disease with the symptoms of contact dermatitis among informal workers in the tofu industry in Kuningan District, Indonesia. Improvement on awareness as well as practices on personal hygiene and occupational health need to be concerned by related sectors.

Tinjauan Pengaruh Alat Pencetakan Tahu Terhadap Produktifitas Tahu Di Desa Waegeren Kabupaten Buru

The problem described in this study is how much tofu production is produced, the value of depreciation of equipment and income of tofu craftsmen Waegeren Village Buru Regency in producing tofu using modern tofu printing equipment technology. From the problems outlined, in the goel the goalto be archived is know the level of tofu production produced by tofu craftsmen Waegeren Village Buru District every day, knowing the value of depreciation of tofu printing equipment each month based on economic analysis theory, and knowing the amount of tofu craftsman income each month. The research method uses the method of observation, which is a method of research carried out without any intervention at all from the researchers, the researchers conducted observations and interviews at the tofu industry craftsman in Waegeren Village. The results obtained, tofu production using modern technology by tofu craftsmen Waegeren Village Buru Regency per day only reached 150 kg or equivalent to 225 pieces of tofu. Meanwhile, the cost of equipment depreciation and tofu craftsman income every month is Rp. 45,900,000 and Rp. 9,855,000.

Comparative Test Of Effectiveness Between Lotus (Nymphaea Firecrest) And Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) To Reduce Tofu Wastewater Pollutants

Tofu industrial liquid waste is waste generated in the process of making tofu or when washing soybeans. In Ternate City, North Maluku, tofu waste is generally discharged into the sea; this causes environmental pollution. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of lotus (Nymphaea Firecrest) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) to reduce levels of pollutants TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) in tofu wastewater in the Tofu Industry in Jambula Village by "phytoremediation process." The research method used in this study is the Experiment Method. The sample total used is 30 liters. From the results of this study indicate that the results of the first examination for water hyacinth, TDS 525mg / l and TSS 449mg / l and lotus, TDS 598 mg / l and TSS 421mg / l, for the second examination for water hyacinth, TDS 445mg / l, and TSS 330mg / l and for lotus, TDS 598 mg / l, and TSS 421mg / l, and for the third examination of water hyacinth, TDS 720mg / l, and TSS 311mg / l and for lotus, TDS 600mg / l and TSS 419mg / l. It can conclude that the most effective way to reduce TSS (Total Suspended Solid) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) content is by using Water Hyacinth

PENDAPATAN DAN EFESIENSI HOME INDUSTRI TAHU DI DESA KUNIR KIDUL KABUPATEN LUMAJANG

This study aims to analyze the Income and Efficiency of Tofu Home Industry in Kunir Kidul Village, Lumajang Regency. This research is descriptive with a Case Study approach. The results of the study of Revenue Analysis and Efficiency of Tofu Industry Home in Kunir Kidul Village regarding the average income in one month was Rp. 10,920,000 / month with production costs incurred in the amount of Rp. 4,885,573 and make a profit of Rp. 6,034,427. In the calculation of business efficiency or R / C the value is 2.24. The Tofu Industry in Kunir Kidul Village can be said to be efficient and menguntungkn and feasible to run.

Netralisasi Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menggunakan Metoda Elektrokoagulasi dengan Elektroda Al-Al dengan Variabel Waktu Proses dan Ketebalan Plat

The tofu factory located in Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelalawan District, produces 1 m3 of liquid waste every day and are immediately disposed of without going throught the processing before release to environment. The analysis shows that the liquid waste is not in accordance with Permen LH No. 5 2014. This will deerease the oxygen level in the water. The purpose of this study was to determine reduce levels of TSS, BOD and pH with plate thicknes and prosesing time. Neutralization of liquid waste of tofu industry. The electrocoagulation method was used to reduce BOD, TSS and neutralize pH by varying the time, plate thickness. The conclusions obtained are: (1) Time variation (20, 40 and 60 minutes), and effective time is 60 minutes, current strength of 0.6 A decreases 72% BOD concentration, TSS 69.9% and pH becomes 6.01. (2) Variation in plate thickness (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 mm), and effective plate thickness of 1 mm at 60 minutes can reduce BOD concentration 73.14%, TSS 68.78%, pH becomes 6.83. The results of the research obtained are in accordance with Permen LH No.5 of 2014.

Pengaruh Tegangan dan Laju Alir pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tahu Menjadi Air Bersih dengan Metode Elektrokoagulasi Secara Kontinyu

The liquid waste of the tofu industry contains high organic contaminants, such as proteins and amino acids. These organic compounds causes liquid waste of tofu industry to contain high BOD, COD, and TSS so that it can pollute the environment. Therefore, tofu liquid should be removed first by electrocoagulation method. This method has the potential to purify tofu liquid waste and decrease the content of COD, BOD, TSS, and pH contained without the addition of coagulants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of voltage and flow rate to neutralize pH, and reduce levels of COD, BOD, and TSS in tofu liquid waste. The parameters tested included COD, BOD, TSS, and pH using a pH meter. The electrocoagulation process uses electrical power that flows in the direction of the electrode. The electrocoagulation reactor was paired with a cable connected to the power supply then connected to an electric current with voltage variations (8; 10; and 12 V) and variations in flow rates ((0.439 ; 0.243 ; 0.087 L/min). The results of this study found that optimum conditions were obtained at current of 12 V and flow rate of 0.087 L/min with increasing pH from pH from 3.5 to 67, a decreas in COD of 72.17% from 1017 mg/L to 283 mg/L , a decrease in BOD of 71.53% from 513 mg/L to 146 mg/L, a decrease in TSS of 90.90% from 1100 mg/L to 100 mg/L. The results of the research obtained are in accordance with the waste water quality standards by Permen LH No.5 2014.

Utilization of Aquatic Plants as Phytoremediation Agents of Tofu Liquid Waste

The tofu industry produces a lot of tofu liquid waste and has the potential to cause waters to be toxic and dangerous for the life of the biota aquatic. This research uses a phytoremediation method using floating water plants. The purpose of this research was to obtain water plants that have better absorption ability as phytoremediation agents for tofu liquid waste between Lemna and Kiapu aquatic plants. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University from March to September 2019. The method used in this research was an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of three treatments and five replications. Tofu liquid waste samples were obtained from the Tofu Factory in the Cibuntu Tofu Industry Center. Physical and chemical parameters observed include temperature, acidity, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, nitrate, and phosphate. The results showed that the Kiapu had better nitrate and phosphate absorption ability than Lemna and the combination treatments for 15 days of observation. The result showed that the decrease in nitrate concentration was 10.12-62.24% and the decrease in phosphate concentration was 6.67-54.23%. Kiapu can be recommended as phytoremediation agents for tofu liquid waste to remediate high organic matter before being discharged directly into water bodies.

PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR TAHU MENJADI BIOGAS MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR BIOGAS PORTABEL

From the tofu production process. The waste generated by tofu industries can be divided into two types, i.e the solid waste and liquid waste. One effort to reduce the environmental damage due to tofu liquid waste from the processing of tofu is to make the tofu liquid waste into biogas. The effort to convert liquid waste from tofu factories into biogas reguires a biogas reactor. The aim of this study was to design a biogas reactor with a size of 1 m 3 (1000 Liters) by using materials and equipment that are very easily available in the market at an affordable price, to determine the pressure, pH value and the quality of the flame produced when the biogas is used as fuel gas stove. The method used in this study is an experimental method within 30 days. The results showed that biogas pressure increased with increasing time (days). Maximum pressure is reached on day 21, which is 12.2 kPa. The average pH value is 6.91. The temperature in the biogas reactor tends to be stable with an average temperature of 31 o C. The color of the flame when the biogas from tofu liquid waste is used as a gas fuel for a large flame gas stove is still a mixture of blue and yellow. The utilization of tofu liquid waste into biogas is expected to reduce environmental pollution and make tofu liquid waste become a high economic value and environmentally friendly.

Tumbuhan Echinodorus Radicans Dan Sagittaria Lancifolia Sebagai Fitoremediator Detergen Dan Logam Berat

Indonesia is a tropical country that wellknow as mega-biodiversity, but a small diversity is known and utilized. The predicate as mega biodiversity country, now augmented with predicate as hot spot country, a term that high levels of forest destruction and loss biodiversity. Others high development efforts that ignore of environmental aspects, improving the quality and quantity of various types of pollutants, which directly or indirectly will affect the environment. Water pollutants came from, agricultural and industrial wastewater domestic that polluted rivers. While the condition of waste water is still directly discharged into the drainage channel that will lead to water bodies without processing. The concept of using plants as natural technologies framework to solve environmental problems are known as phytotechnology. One of phytotechnology application is phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is used of plants process in restoring environmental quality from pollutants that contaminate environmental. Given the potential of aquatic plants as phytoremediators, the effort to conserve the aquatic plants diversity in Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG) is very important. Therefore, research related to phytoremediation using aquatic plants needs to be done. This study aims to determine the ability of aquatic plants Echinodorus radicans and Sagittaria lancifolia in phytoremediation of organic wastewaste (detergent) and inorganic wastewaste (heavy metals). This research is descriptive with observation and experimental, based on literature study, observation on aquatic plants collection and green house experiment at PBG, and laboratory analysis in Universitas of Brawijaya. Aquatic plants from PBG are Echinodorus radicans and Sagittaria lancifolia based on previous studies are known to have potential in wastewater treatment, not only form river quality but also used in household treatment, leachate, water treatment plant installation, industrial leather waste, slaughterhouses, tofu industry, even hospital wastewater. While the test results of heavy metal content such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg and Pb is known to exist and accumulated in plant leaf tissue in fields. Also evidenced by results of morphological and experimental observations in PBG greenhouses using both species, has demonstrated its ability in phytoremediation against organic contaminants and heavy metal.
 Keywords: Phytoremediation, Echinodorus radicans, Sagittaria lancifolia, Wastewater.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Tahu menjadi Biogas di Industri Tahu Murni Pak Min Jomblangan, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta

COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM: THE UTILIZING OF TOFU LIQUID WASTE INTO BIOGAS AT TOFU INDUSTRY OF PAK MIN, JOMBLANGAN, BANGUNTAPAN, YOGYAKARTA. The industry tofu of Pak Min is a home industry with four employees which produces 200 kg of tofu every day and generates 50 kg of liquid wastes per day. The problem that is faced by the industrial owner is the lack of knowledge in handling liquid wastes. The disposal of waste is only discharged into a river which results in buildup of liquid paddles on the ground surface and environmental pollution. Therefore, the objectives of this program were to socialize the hazard and management process of tofu waste and to provide the training to convert tofu liquid waste into biogas.

Tofu Industrial Wastewater Treatment with Ozonation and the Adsorption Method using Natural Zeolite

Tofu Industrial Wastewater Treatment with Ozonation and the Adsorption Method using Natural Zeolite

PENGARUH BIAYA BAHAN BAKU, BIAYA TENAGA KERJA LANGSUNG DAN FACTORY OVERHEAD COST TERHADAP PENINGKATAN HASIL PRODUKSI PADA PERUSAHAAN KECIL INDUSTRI TAHU TEMPE DI KOTA BATAM

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect To determine the effect of the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs on the increase in production results in small companies in the tempeh tofu industry in Batam City. The sampling method is carried out based on several reasons with the technique used namely porposive sampling to determine the sample with certain considerations. As for the research criteria as follows: (1). Small tofu industry companies registered before 2013-2017; (2). Companies listed during the period 2013 - 2017; (3). Complete financial statements as of December 31 2013-2017. The results of this study have a significant effect on raw materials, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs on production results in small companies in the tempeh tofu industry in Batam City with significant values of 0,000, 0,003 and 0,038 <0,05, respectively. While simultaneous raw materials, direct labor costs and factory overhead costs have a significant effect on production results in small companies in the tempeh tofu industry in Batam City with a significant value of 0,000 <0,05.

ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INDUSTRI TAHU DI DESA KANCINAA KECAMATAN PASARWAJO KABUPATEN BUTON (Studi Kasus pada IKM DWI BERKAH)

The aim of this research was: (1) to find out the amount of income received from the tofu business; (2) to find out the value of the viability of the tofu business. This research was carried out in the IKM Dwi Berkah industry in Kancinaa Village, Pasarwajo Sub-district, Buton Regency from July to August 2019, considering that the Kancinaa Village was one of the areas of tofu business and that the area was easily reached. This type of research is a case study, so that tofu-making business owners are used as a source to gather the information needed by researchers. The data obtained were then analyzed using a profit analysis of π= TR-TC and researchers used the R / C ratio formula to determine the feasibility of the business. The results of this research show that the profit is Rp 58,094,450/month in a single production process. In addition, the 1.51 R / C ratio was also achieved in such a way that the IKM Dwi Berkah tofu industry was competitive and viable to grow in the Kancinaa Village Pasarwajo Sub-district of Buton Regency.
 
 Keywords: feasibility, efficiency, cost, tofu industry

Tofu wastewater treatment through a combined process of coagulation-flocculation and ultrafiltration

Wastewater from tofu industries contain many parameters such as total suspended solid (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). These parameters are present in high amount and can endanger the aquatic environment and also decrease water quality. Several studies have been conducted to reduce these parameters, but still require a longer time which is around 12 to 78 days. This study aims to discuss the processes and methods to reduce TSS, TDS, turbidity, and COD parameters from tofu wastewater. The processes discussed in this study include a combined process of coagulation-flocculation and ultrafiltration (UF). The results of the study show that TSS, turbidity and COD reduced to 60%, 60% and 20%, respectively, in the coagulation-flocculation process, but TDS increased to around 90% because of the neutralization process using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Furthermore, it was shown that the combined process of coagulation-flocculation and UF was able to reduce TSS, turbidity, COD and TDS up to 99%, 99%, 75% and 50%, respectively. All the parameters contained in the water produced from the combined process of coagulation-flocculation and UF was in line with the National Environmental Quality Standard requirements, excluding COD due to the COD content in fresh tofu wastewater is very high.

Effect of tofu waste flour composition to hedonic test level and proximate test of Bread

The tofu solid waste (TSW), known as okara in Japan, is a solid waste of the tofu industry, usually disposed or sold at a low price. Its shelf life is short due to the high moisture. In hence the protein, carbohydrate and fiber content of TSW is high; it is potential to be used as food products such as flour. To expand the shelf life of the TSW, it was utilized into flour. In this research, the TSW is processed into flour as raw material of bread. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TSW flour composition as raw material for bread, such as organoleptic tests (aroma, texture, and taste) and proximate test (protein, carbohydrate, fat, and dietary fiber) of bread produced. The experimental design was conducted by the composition of TSW flour variable, i.e. 0% (R1), 5% (R2), 10% (R3), and 15% (R4). The results showed that the greater the TSW flour composition, the lower the sensory value of panelists. The most favored sensory test was R2 sample, 5% tofu waste flour bread with the sensory score of favorite, texture, aroma, taste, and color of 2,71, 2,86, 3,14, 2,79 and 3. From the proximate test, the 5% TSW flour bread contains higher carbohydrate, protein, moisture content than 10% while the nutritional value was 44,39% carbohydrate, 6,45% fat, 9,16% protein, 39,3% moisture, 0,7% ash and 5,94% dietary fibre.

ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN USAHA PEMBUATAN TAHU PADA UD. MAKMUR SENTOSA DI KOTA MANADO

This study aims to determine the benefits of tofu industry. This research was conducted at the tofu factory UD Makmur Sentosa in Kleak Urban Village, Hamlet V, Malalayang Sub-district, Manado City. The data collection method in this study used primary data collected through direct interviews with 2 business owners (husband and wife) and the entire workforce of 5 workers based on a list of questions prepared previously. Total respondents were 7 people. Secondary data obtained from the internet through Google Scholar to get articles from various scientific journals and theses from other universities related to research topics on the Profit of the business of Tofu Factory. Data collected in the form of data characteristics of business actors, raw materials, production, capital, and production costs. Tofu business UD. Makmur Sentosa is a small business that began operating in 2000 using its own capital. The amount of soybean raw material used in one month is 7,910 kg and produces 1,582 buckets of tofu, and produces a profit of Rp.41,811,780. So getting an R / C ratio> 1 is 1.49, it means that in March 2019 the UD tofu business. Makmur Sentosa experienced profits so this business was worth the effort.*eprm*

PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIFITAS PENGUSAHA MIKRO TAHU SUKUN MALANG

Abstract: In addition to being known as the city of Malang chips tempe and fruit chips, also known as tofu which is commonly referred to by the community as "Breadfruit Tofu". Sukun is the name of one of the sub-districts in Malang, which consists of several villages including Sukun and Tanjungrejo. In the Sukun village there is a tofu industry that is quite large, namely "Tahu 73". Tofu is what is known by the people of Malang as "Tahu Sukun". In Tanjungrejo village, which is located next to Sukun village, there are several tofu entrepreneurs who are still on a micro scale or still in the form of a home industry. Tofu entrepreneurs in Tanjungrejo village are hereditary activities and are a source of income. The establishment of this tofu business aims to meet the daily needs of partners and in the future to create broader employment opportunities for the surrounding community. The problems faced by Mitra Uasha are that the milling tools and machinery are not feasible, many are porous, filtering tools are very simple, production sites are not clean, plastic tubs for tofu and for sale are already many that are not feasible, as well as for the kegs and knowledge very limited regarding bookkeeping and management of its business management because its human resources are still very low. To achieve these goals and targets in the implementation of the PKM program carried out with a family approach so that there is strong cooperation with partners, training and assistance in making simple bookkeeping, marketing and entrepreneurship, training in product innovation based on tofu and monitoring
 Keyward: microbusiness, tofu