Toe Movements Research Articles

Slow magnetic fields of the brain preceding movement and speech

Magnetic fields of the brain were recorded preceding selfinitiated finger, foot, toe movements, stimulus-triggered finger and toe movements, and speech. Slow magnetic-field shifts were found with morphology similar to coincident electrical potentials, but with very different distributions. Inferences from the data about localization of cerebral generators were discussed.

Interpretation of plantar reflexes: biasing effect of other signs and symptoms.

Twenty neurologists were asked to judge a number of plantar responses on film. Each film was preceded by a slide with a fictitious abstract of history and examination (minus the plantar reflex). The main part of the presentation only served to disguise the fact that two films, both showing equivocal toe movements, were presented twice at the same sitting, but with opposing information as to the probability of a Babinski sign. Interpretation of these identical pictures differed significantly (P less than 0.01), conforming to the information given. Thirty other neurologists who rated the films without previous data showed no such change of opinion.

BIRTH HEMORRHAGE INTO THE SPINAL CORD WITH RESULTANT BLADDER AND KIDNEY COMPLICATIONS

Cases of birth hemorrhage into the spinal cord, though they probably occur more frequently than is generally supposed, are not numerous in the literature. Most work on the subject has been done quite recently. The most comprehensive article on this condition is that of Crothers,1who quotes Head and Riddoch2at some length. These investigators studied the effect of cord injuries in young men wounded during the World War, and they conclude that high physiologic transections of the cord in healthy young men run the following course: First stage: There is muscular flaccidity, with a lack of tone in the skeletal muscles, anesthesia, dryness of the skin, which is easily marred, and retention of urine and feces. Second stage: After a few weeks, reflexes appear. At first, stimulation of the sole causes various toe movements; later, a variety of flexion responses of the legs and lower abdomen can