Toddler Foods Research Articles

Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Stunting di Desa Kamal Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat

Stunting is a chronic malnutrition problem caused by inadequate nutritional intake for children for a long time due to food intake that is not in accordance with nutritional needs which has an impact on stature height of children. Stunting in toddlers can be caused by the mother's knowledge of improper food selection. Increasing knowledge of mothers in choosing healthy foods for toddlers can be done through public health programs, one of which is by providing health education or nutrition education by means of extension which is an intervention to change knowledge and behavior as a determinant of health or public health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition education on maternal knowledge about stunting in Kamal Village, West Seram Regency. This type of research is a Quasi-experimental with a one group pretest - postest design. This research was conducted in February 2020 in Kamal village, West Seram Regency. Sampling was done by using the total sampling method. The T-Test results showed that the P value was 0.000 <α 0.05, which means that there was a significant difference in maternal knowledge before and after receiving counseling, namely an increase in maternal knowledge about the meaning of stunting, a factor that causes stunting. , how to prevent and overcome it in children under five. Suggestions for mothers to be more involved in health education activities. For health agencies to be able to provide regular health education for mothers.

CREATING EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRITION POLICY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM IN SUBANG REGENCY

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the nutrition improvement program policy in Subang Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method through observation and interviews, literature study, and documentation. Data triangulation and obtained from key informants directly and relevant to the problem under study are sources of data. The results showed that the policy program for improving Subang Regency nutrition has been running but has not been effective, including several factors such as limited human resources who manage the program. The availability of additional food for infants and toddlers is still insufficient. For this reason, it needs to be considered so that the program can be carried out properly following the stated objectives. The government needs to pay more attention to the adequacy of nutrition workers. To provide maximum service to the community. The implementation of nutrition improvement programs must be more activated, maintained continuously, and improved communication and socialization, built both cross-program and cross-sectoral to reduce malnutrition cases. Procedures for handling cases of malnutrition. It is hoped that the procedure for referring children suffering from malnutrition can be faster so that children can be treated quickly, and their nutritional condition can quickly improve

Fermented soybean cake nugget (tempeh) as an alternative for increasing weight of little children aged 36–60 months

ObjectiveThis study aims to identify weight gain by giving fermented soybean cake nugget (tempeh) to underweight toddlers. MethodsThis study used a quasi-experiment design with non-equivalent pre test–post test control group design. The sample was taken by using purposive sampling method. The sample size of this study was 30 toddlers. ResultsBased the result of the intervention group the mean±SD was 846.67±333.524 while the control group had a value mean±SD 326.67±349.421 while p value is 0.001<0.05. If the p value is 0.05, there is a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group. ConclusionsFermented soybean cake nugget provide a good weight gain effect on toddlers, therefore consumption of fermented soybean cake nugget can be recommended and taught to the public. Therefore fermented soybean cake nugget can be given to help supplement food for toddlers.

Lactobacillus Bacteria in Breast Milk.

Breast milk is an optimal food for infants and toddlers. The composition of breast milk adapts to the needs of the developing organism, satisfying nutritional needs at an early stage of growth and development. The results of research to date have shown that breast milk is the best food for a child, containing not only nutrients but also biologically active substances that aid in the optimal, proper growth and development of infants. Among the many components of breast milk, an important element is the probiotic microflora, including bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus spp. These organisms exert a multidirectional, health-promoting effect on the body of children who consume breast milk. The number of lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus, colonizing the breast milk environment and their species diversity varies and depends on many factors, both maternal and environmental. Breast milk, as a recommended food for infants, is an important source of probiotic microflora. The aim of this study was to present the current understanding of probiotic bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus present in breast milk.

Nutrition and packaging characteristics of toddler foods and milks in Australia.

To analyse nutritional and packaging characteristics of toddler-specific foods and milks in the Australian retail food environment to identify how such products fit within the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) and the NOVA classification. Cross-sectional retail audit of toddler foods and milks. On-pack product attributes were recorded. Products were categorised as (1) food or milk; (2) snack food or meal and (3) snacks sub-categorised depending on main ingredients. Products were classified as a discretionary or core food as per the ADG and level of processing according to NOVA classification. Supermarkets and pharmacies in Australia. A total of 154 foods and thirty-two milks were identified. Eighty percentage of foods were snacks, and 60 % of foods were classified as core foods, while 85 % were ultraprocessed (UP). Per 100 g, discretionary foods provided significantly more energy, protein, total and saturated fat, carbohydrate, total sugar and Na (P < 0·001) than core foods. Total sugars were significantly higher (P < 0·001) and Na significantly lower (P < 0·001) in minimally processed foods than in UP foods. All toddler milks (n 32) were found to have higher energy, carbohydrate and total sugar levels than full-fat cow's milk per 100 ml. Claims and messages were present on 99 % of foods and all milks. The majority of toddler foods available in Australia are UP snack foods and do not align with the ADG. Toddler milks, despite being UP, do align with the ADG. A strengthened regulatory approach may address this issue.

Determination of lead, cadmium and arsenic in infant formula in the Lebanese market

Infant formula is a common source of food and nutrition for many infants and toddlers. However, the presence of contaminants, such as toxic metals, may pose increased health risks to infants. An investigation on the occurrence of the toxic metals: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in baby formula marketed in Lebanon was performed. Infant formula samples were collected from 39 brands over two production dates (78 samples in total) and analyzed for the metals using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As, Pb and Cd were observed in 59%, 8% and 10% of infant formula brands, respectively. The Pb, Cd and As contamination levels were 31.0–1040 μg/kg, 38.0–476 μg/kg and 12.0–251 μg/kg, respectively. There was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in the concentrations of the toxic metals amongst the various infant formula based on packaging (metal container, aluminum sachet), types (milk-based, corn-based, soy-based), and classification (beginner, beginner, special, continuation). The infant formula samples which contained detectable levels of Pb, Cd and As had higher concentrations of these metals compared to breast milk and infants have a higher average weekly intake of these metals through infant formula. Findings from this study indicate that infant formula is a source of toxic metal exposure for infants.

Are Maternal Feeding Practices and Mealtime Emotions Associated with Toddlers’ Food Neophobia? A Follow-Up to the DIT-Coombe Hospital Birth Cohort in Ireland

This study was conducted to explore the associations between maternal feeding practices, mealtime emotions, as well as maternal food neophobia and toddlers’ food neophobia in Ireland. A follow-up to the Technological University Dublin (DIT)-Coombe Hospital birth cohort was conducted. Mothers in the original cohort were invited to the present study by telephone calls. Postal questionnaires with stamped addressed envelopes were distributed to those who agreed to participate in the study. Toddler food neophobia was assessed by the modified version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS). There were 205 participants included in this study, with a median score of child food neophobia of 12. A higher degree of child food neophobia (score > 12) was positively associated with the maternal practice of coaxing the children to eat at refusal (OR (Odds Ratio) = 2.279, 95% CI: 1.048–4.955), unpleasant emotions at mealtime (e.g., stressful or hectic for mothers, or tearful for children) (OR ranged between 1.618 and 1.952), and mothers’ own degree of food neophobia (OR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.001–1.072). Mothers who were not worried when confronted with child’s food refusal was negatively associated with toddlers’ food neophobia (OR = 0.251, 95% CI: 0.114–0.556). This study suggests the maternal practices of responsive feeding, being calm and patient with the toddlers, and creating a positive atmosphere at mealtime.

Perbedaan Konsumsi Pangan dan Asupan Gizi pada Balita Stunting dan Normal di Lima Provinsi di Indonesia

Stunting is an important sign of chronic malnutrition that exists in early life with greater infection risk and with many long-term effects, including the need for physical work. Stunting is a problem for the Indonesian people to produce a generation that has global competitiveness. In general, this study aims to determine the effect of food consumption on the adequacy and balance of nutrition between stunted and normal children in 5 provinces in Indonesia. Specifically, this study aims to (1) lassify toddlers based on height according to age in the stunting and normal categories, (2) get a profile of stunting and normal toddler food consumption, (3) analyze data on nutrient intake and food contribution in the stunting group and normal, (4) analyze data on the adequacy and balance of nutrition from food intake in stunting and normal children under five in 5 provinces in Indonesia. This study used secondary data of food consumption data from SKMI 2014 and anthropometric data from Riskesdas 2013 of West Java, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara provinces. There were 2,039 samples from 5 provinces, 38.4% of them were stunting toddlers. Food consumption of toddlers with normal height was higher than stunting toddlers for eggs and egg products and lower for sugars. Intake of calcium and vitamin A in normal toddlers was significantly higher than stunting toddlers and lower for vitamin C. Both stunting and normal children groups showed deficiency, sufficiency and excess in nutrient intake. Imbalance nutrient intake for both stunting and normal children reached 100%.

Fish-Based Baby Food Concern-From Species Authentication to Exposure Risk Assessment.

In this work, two different but complementary approaches were used to evaluate the reliability of fish-based baby foods as a source of safe nourishment for babies. More specifically, barcoding analysis based on the Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences was used for fish species authentication and an analysis of metal/metalloid levels was performed to estimate the exposure risk assessment derived from consumption of selected fish-based baby food in infants and toddlers. COI DNA barcoding revealed that in three samples the species detected did not match the common name of the species shown on the label. In particular, G. chalcogrammus and M. australis were found in place of M. merluccius and O. mykiss was found in place of S. salar. The analysis of exposure risk assessment indicated a low risk for developing chronic systemic and carcinogenic effects in infants and toddler, under an exposure scenario based on daily consumption of a single box of fish-based baby food. However, it is important to highlight that in order to provide a comprehensive risk assessment it would be important to supplement the levels of exposure resulting from the total diet. Overall, our results suggest that more attention should be paid by authorities to ensure the safety of food for infants and toddlers.

Iron Content of Commercially Available Infant and Toddler Foods in the United States, 2015.

Objectives: To describe the iron content of commercially available infant and toddler foods. Methods: Nutrition Facts label data were used from a 2015 database of 1037 commercial infant and toddler food and drink products. Products were grouped into food categories on the basis of name, ingredients, target age, and reference amounts customarily consumed (RACC). Mean and median iron content per 100 g and per RACC were calculated. The proportion of products considered good and excellent sources of iron were determined on the basis of percent daily value (% DV) thresholds. Results: Among products marketed for infants (aged 4–12 months), infant cereals had the highest mean (6.19 mg iron per RACC; 41.25 iron mg per 100 g) iron content. Among products marketed for toddlers (aged 12–36 months), vegetable-based mixtures or meals contained the highest mean iron in mg per RACC (mean: 2.97 mg) and dry, grain-based desserts had the highest mean iron in mg per 100 g (mean: 6.45 mg). Juice and drink products had the lowest mean iron contents in both infant and toddler products. Conclusions: Most commercially available infant cereals are considered to be an excellent source of iron, likely from fortification, but wide variability was observed in iron content by food category. Products that are considered good or excellent sources of iron (≥10% DV) can help consumers identify products with higher iron content, such as infant cereals or toddler vegetable-based mixtures/meals.

Are the Nutrient and Textural Properties of Australian Commercial Infant and Toddler Foods Consistent with Infant Feeding Advice?

Abstract Objectives Australian Infant Feeding Guidelines recommend first foods be iron rich with no added sugars and that nutrient poor discretionary foods be avoided. They also encourage exposing infants to a variety of foods and flavours with increasingly complex textures. Here, we compare nutritional and textural properties of commercially available infant and toddler foods with established guidelines. Methods Infant and toddler food products available as of August 2019 were identified by searching for ‘baby food’ on retailer websites and by location in the ‘baby food’ section of major supermarket chains (Coles, Woolworths, Aldi and Foodland) in Adelaide, South Australia. Manufacturer websites were cross checked to identify all available products. Nutrient composition of foods was obtained from the nutrient information panel on the product label, manufacturer or retailer websites. In total, 446 products from 17 brands were reviewed, which accounted for over 90% of the market share. Results Most products were poor sources of iron, and 80% of first foods were fruit-based. Half of all products were purees in squeeze pouches and one third of all products were discretionary foods. The nutritional content of many products was inconsistent with guidelines, being low in iron, sweet, smooth in consistency, or classified as discretionary. Conclusions Reformulation of products is warranted to improve iron content, particularly in mixed main dishes, expand the range of vegetable only foods, and textural variety. Greater regulatory oversight and front of package labelling are needed to better inform parents and caregivers. Frequent consumption of commercial baby foods low in iron may increase risk of iron deficiency. Excessive consumption of purees via squeeze pouches may also have implications for overweight and obesity risk. Funding Sources There are no funding sources to declare for this research.

Are the nutrient and textural properties of Australian commercial infant and toddler foods consistent with infant feeding advice?

Infant feeding guidelines worldwide recommend first foods to be Fe rich with no added sugars and that nutrient-poor discretionary foods are to be avoided. Feeding guidelines also recommend exposing infants to a variety of foods and flavours with increasingly complex textures. Here, we compare nutritional and textural properties of commercial infant and toddler foods available in Australia with established infant feeding guidelines. Nutrition information and ingredient lists were obtained from food labels, manufacturer and/or retailer websites. In total, 414 foods were identified, comprising mostly mixed main dishes, fruit and vegetable first foods and snacks. Most products were poor sources of Fe, and 80 % of first foods were fruit-based. Half of all products were purées in squeeze pouches, and one-third of all products were discretionary foods. The nutritional content of many products was inconsistent with guidelines, being low in Fe, sweet, smooth in consistency or classified as discretionary. Reformulation of products is warranted to improve Fe content, particularly in mixed main dishes, expand the range of vegetable-only foods and textural variety. Greater regulatory oversight may be needed to better inform parents and caregivers. Frequent consumption of commercial baby foods low in Fe may increase the risk of Fe deficiency. Excessive consumption of purées via squeeze pouches may also have implications for overweight and obesity risk.

Safety of 6'-Sialyllactose (6'-SL) sodium salt as a novel foodpursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panelon Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 6'-Sialyllactose (6'-SL) sodium salt as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 6'-SL but also contains D-lactose, sialic acid and a small fraction of other related oligosaccharides. The NF is produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli K-12 DH1. The information provided on the manufacturing process, composition and specifications of the NF does not raise safety concerns. The applicant intends to add the NF in a variety of foods, including infant and follow-on formula, foods for infants and toddlers, foods for special medical purposes and food supplements. The target population is the general population. The anticipated daily intake of 6'-SL from the NF at the maximum proposed use levels is unlikely to exceed the intake level of naturally occurring 6'-SL in breastfed infants on a body weight basis. The intake of 6'-SL in breastfed infants on a body weight basis is expected to be safe also for other population groups. The intake of other carbohydrate-type compounds structurally related to 6'-SL is also considered of no safety concern. Food supplements are not intended to be used if other foods with the added NF or breast milk are consumed on the same day. The Panelconcludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use.

Safety of 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) sodium salt as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panelon Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) sodium salt as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 3'-SL but also containing D-lactose, sialic acid and a small fraction of other related oligosaccharides resulting in a fully characterised mixture of carbohydrates. The NF is produced by fermentation with a genetically modified strain of Escherichia coli K-12 DH1. The information provided on the manufacturing process, composition and specifications of the NF does not raise safety concerns. The applicant intends to add the NF in a variety of foods, including infant and follow-on formula, foods for infants and toddlers, foods for special medical purposes and food supplements. The target population is the general population. The anticipated daily intake of 3'-SL from the NF at the maximum proposed use levels is unlikely to exceed the intake level of naturally occurring 3'-SL in breastfed infants on a body weight basis. The intake of 3'-SL in breastfed infants on a body weight basis is expected to be safe also for other population groups. The intake of other carbohydrate-type compounds structurally related to 3'-SL is also considered of no safety concern. Food supplements are not intended to be used if other foods with added NF (as well as breast milk, milk, fermented milk-based products and selected cheeses retaining milk sugar (e.g. curd cheese) for infants and young children) are consumed on the same day. The Panelconcludes that the NF is safe under the proposed conditions of use for the proposed target populations.

The use of a communication tool about diet at the child health centre: A cluster randomized controlled trial.

AimTo investigate the effect of a communication tool about diet used in public health nurse consultations with parents compared with standard consultations concerning the 2‐year‐old child's diet.DesignA cluster randomized controlled trial.MethodsTen municipalities were selected randomly and matched in pairs. In each pair, the control or intervention group was randomly allocated. Parents were recruited to participate from January 2015 to January 2017. In intervention clusters, a communication tool about diet was used to help the parents (N = 140) to focus on a healthy diet for their child. In the control clusters, parents (N = 110) attended standard consultations. The participants completed semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaires at baseline and end point.ResultsNo effect of the intervention was seen on the child's daily intake of vegetables or saturated fat, or body mass index. Significantly fewer parents desired more information about food for toddlers in the intervention than in the control group.

Compliance of infant formula promotion on websites of Brazilian manufacturers and drugstores.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To verify the compliance with Law No. 11,265/2006 in the promotion strategies for infant formula in Brazilian websites of manufacturers and drugstore networks.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017. We analyzed the compliance to attributes of the Law No.11,265/2006 (Law for Marketing of Foods for Infants and Toddlers, Feeding Bottles, Teats and Pacifiers) in five websites of infant formula manufacturers and nine websites of drugstore networks. The main attributes assessed were: the presence of drawings or representations of children, the presence of warning statements displayed in conspicuous and prominent spaces informing if products are intended for infants aged under or over 6 months, the adequate display of infant formulas/similar products, and the presence of pop-ups with other infant formulas or links to websites for children’s products. All compliances and non compliances verified were described in absolute and relative frequencies.RESULTS We verified that 80% of the websites of infant formula manufacturers displayed advertisements for other children’s food products. The main non compliance in infant formula manufacturer’s websites was the absence of warning statements about products intended for infants over 6 months of age. Only 33% of the drugstores’ websites complied with Law No. 11,265/2006. The main non compliances in these websites were the absence of warning statements on products intended for infants over 6 months of age (100%), the presence of pop-up advertisements for other infant foods (77%) and the presence of advertisements for other children’s food products (92%).CONCLUSION We identified non compliances with the Law No. 11,256/2006 in almost all websites of infant formula manufacturers and in all the websites of drugstore networks. Most promotion strategies were found at drugstore websites, which are the main channels for online sales.

(Implementation of the Electre (Elimination Et Choix Traduisan La Realite) Method in a Healthy Food Menu Decision Support System for Toddlers in the Sasak Area Health Center Pasisie Using the Php And Databse Mysql Programming Language)

Healthy food menu for toddlers is selected based on criteria that have been determined by Puskesmas Sasak Ranah Pasisie. The selection of healthy food menus for toddlers is carried out by the institution as the selection of healthy foods for toddlers. The selection of toddler food menus still uses traditional methods that have not been systemized. With these problems, a decision support system is applied using the La Raelite Elimination Et Choix method. This method is able to give subjective and inuitive considerations of the criteria factors that are considered important influences on alternative choices. Decision Support System is a computer technology solution that can be used to support decision making that is complex in problem solving in an organization, in order to be able to determine the selection of the best competitive and superior healthy food menu from the many toddler food menus then the process of selecting a healthy toddler food menu that determines the optimal alternative is fast and efficient.

PENINGKATAN NILAI GIZI MIKRO KUDAPAN LOKAL MELALUI SUBTITUSI TEPUNG IKAN GABUS UNTUK PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI SULAWESI SELATAN

ABSTRACT Local snacks are used to being consumed by local people, including children under five, but the local cultural products have unbalanced nutritional content, which generally only contains energy sources. On the other hand, in this area also has fish food ingredients such as "cork fish" which are rich in protein and vitamins and minerals. The addition of cork fish flour can produce local food products that contain complete and balanced nutrients for supplementary food for toddlers. This research was carried out to develop local services as a model for improving nutritional status in children under five. The design of the study uses Static group comparison design, which compares the levels of local nutritional nutrients from several concentrations of cork fish meal 0% and 5%. Nutrient content of cork protein fish meal 73.81%, iron 0.9%, zinc 0.42%, calcium 35.38%. Local TIG snacks (cork fish meal) contain 353 mg calcium, pospor 546 mg, iron 9 mg and zinc 4.4 mg every serving. Addition of TIG above 5% can meet micronutrient needs in children under five. Keywords: nutritional value, local snacks, cork fish meal

Development Of Processed Rinuak Fish (Psilopsis Sp) To Improve Nutritional Quality Of Toddler Of Stunting

Stunting is one of the problems of a lack of protein intake that occurs for a long time to interferewith growth. Increasing the quality of nutrition based on local food that has the potential to be onesolution, including raw fish rinuak which is rich in protein. This study aims to analyze the needs andidentify the potential of rinuak fish as a local food ingredient and to design standardized products toimprove the nutritional quality of children under five with stunting. The survey method was used tocollect data with qualitative and quantitative approaches using the Participatory Action Research(PAR) design. Furthermore, the standardization of recipes for processed rinuak fish was carried out byeight expert validators in the fields of food, food, and nutrition. The results showed that the potentialfor rinuak fish in Lake Maninjau in the last two years is abundant. Standardized processed rinuak fish,namely nuggets, jerky, and shredded rinuak can be used as an alternative food for toddlers.

Parenting pattern of feeding in stunting toddlers at the working area of Tegallalang I Primary Health Centre

Stunting is a growth disorder that affects the measurements of Length-for-Age or Height-for-Age, which is characterized by a body condition that tends to be short. Children under five are categorized as short-bodied if the z-score is less than -2SD. In Indonesia, approximately 29% of children under five are included in the short-bodied category. A good nutritional intake at this time is a depiction of proper growth and development in the future. The health status of infants is related to parenting patterns of feeding. This study aimed to find out the description of parenting patterns of feeding in stunting toddlers in the working area of Tegallalang I Primary Health Centre. The study belongs to qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The sample of this study was 5 mothers who had stunting toddlers. Data were collected by applying a purposive sampling technique. Data that had been collected consists of two types, i.e., primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. Some respondents had fed their toddlers with exclusive breastfeeding until they were 6 months old, but the frequency of feeding was ruled out. In addition, most respondents had only started to feed their babies with complementary food for breastfeeding at the time they were 6 months old. Still, they had not paid attention to their nutritional needs, the precise frequency of feeding, the kinds of better food for toddlers, and appropriate food variations. These results indicate that the wrong parenting pattern of feeding in children under five has the potential to cause stunting. Therefore, more attention to this matter is necessarily needed to reduce the severe incidence of stunting.