Language Today Research Articles

The Influence of Hashadev Madawan's Sijokavyas on Sanskrit Literature

Since ancient times, Sanskrit poetry has been world-famous for its structure, theme, rasa, characters, etc. It can be seen that the structure of modern Sanskrit poetry is completely different from this traditional form. Because of the greatness of ancient Sanskrit poetry, it was transferred to other languages and literature. But today, Sanskrit poetry tends to adopt the literary styles of other languages and its literature. Various literary styles and writing styles from all over the world have found their way into the Sanskrit language today. As such, Sijo poems are a type of poetry that has gained acceptance in the field of modern Sanskrit poetry. It is a style of poetry that exists in South Korea. It is a poetic style that completely records the things to be said in three lines, different from the four-line sloka system of Sanskrit poetry. This article depicts some Sijo poems mentioned in a book, named Shirisha Pushpeshu Vrishtibindavaha, a collection of poems by Dr. Harshadev Madhavan, who is one of the leading modern Sanskrit poets. It is clear from this study that Sijo, Haiko, Tan, and other forms were introduced in Sanskrit poetry and these types of literary forms are suitable for Sanskrit language and literature.

Integrating Socio Cultural Theory and Bloom’s Taxonomy to Overcome Xenoglossophobia and Anxiety in English Language Speaking in Sri Lankan Undergraduates

The importance of knowing a second or a foreign language today has become a pivotal factor with regard to education, travel, trade, business, information, communication and most importantly to acquire a recognizable occupation. Even so, obtaining a job related to a graduate’s educational background in the Sri Lankan context at present, is a challenging task. Having realized this, the local government of Sri Lanka have been taking measures in teaching English at local government schools from Grade 3 onwards since 1950’s. Nonetheless, even by the time the Sri Lankan local government school children enter university after engaging in English language learning for over a decade and subsequent to Ordinary and Advanced level examinations, their English-speaking skills stand at a marginal level with traits of xenoglossophbia and anxiety. Thus, the aim of the study is to find out the main factors that influence xenoglossophobia and suggest strategies to overcome them. A sample of 32 Engineering undergraduates from the first year of General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU) was selected based on purposive sampling technique. The selection process was performed based on an Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI). After having exposed the students to a teaching process for 15 academic weeks, they were re-administered through a post-OPI. The lesson plans were set according to Blooms Taxonomy knowledge-based objectives. Socio-Cultural Theory (SCT) was incorporated when designing the lessons. Data was analyzed via a mixed approach. The findings revealed that the students had increased motivation and confidence to speak English as they were exposed to a gradual process of self-autonomy. Paving way for authentic speaking opportunities via Task Based Activities (TBA) and making students aware of the importance of English language communication for employment purposes from school levels is highly important. Further, teacher, learning environment and material play a considerable role in motivating language learners while self-negativity is a main reason for the majority to possess xenoglossophobia which adversely affects their future employability.

VARIABILITY IN THE SPACE OF IMAGE CHARACTERISTICS THROUGH THE PRISM OF CURRENT INTERPRETATIONS

People of all ages, creeds, and nationalities around the world live their daily lives, constantly interacting with the environment using sensory systems. We use our five senses regularly and continuously because they are vital to our survival. It is our sensory receptors thatanalyze the surroundings and report back to our brains this information which then helps us navigate the world. Needless to say, because we rely so heavily on our sensory perception, it is largely what shapes our reality or at least our understanding of it. Therefore, we react quicker and more enthusiastically to something that is recognized by our neurons and sensory memory.Thus, in a text that uses imagery to convey some sort of information, that information is much more likely to be received, memorized, and learned by the reader or listener. Imagery is an integral part of our language today. The story of language started with primitive people carving images in the caves to tell a story. Then, in such languages as Chinese, the individual images slowly began to morph into the hieroglyphs, as we know them. Moreover, the letters themselves could once also be recognized as specific images. In literature, however, imagery is usually much more elevated in style and much less trite than in daily speech. Authors strive to devise imagery that is both new (so that it sparks interest) and familiar (so that it is more or less easily recognizable and comprehensible) at the same time. In addition, writers can use various images that are already deeply ingrained in their culture with different intentions: either to go against the norm and use them in a completely unexpected way or the opposite – to underline the connection with one culture or another.

Innovative methods of teaching foreign languages

This abstract explores innovative methods revolutionizing the teaching of foreign languages in today's interconnected world. Traditional language instruction approaches are evolving to cater to diverse learning styles and preferences, leveraging technology and interactive techniques to enhance language acquisition.

КЫРГЫЗ БАЛДАР АДАБИЯТЫНДА ТУУРАНДЫ СӨЗДӨРДҮН ӨЗГӨЧӨЛҮГҮ

The article examines the phonetic features and stylistic nature ofimitative words presented in Kyrgyz children's works. In Kyrgyz children's literature, many issues of studying words as functionally significant units of language today are not considered in sufficient depth. Ourgoal is to establish linguistic units, phonetic features and stylistic ways of usingimitativewords in children's fiction of the Kyrgyz people. As children acquire language, comparisons include creativity as a recurring component. When describing a child’s linguistic world, it is important to determine the appropriate parameters: people, nature, linguistic world. Among these areas, we noted that the function of comparisons in the world of language is special, andwe examined their problem as a component of the sound system of the language and their stylistic nature using the example of the works of Kyrgyz children. The semantic classification of imitative words in children's literature is also one of the main issues. Therefore, they were divided into groups depending on their importance.

AN ANALYSIS OF RECENT STUDIES IN ENGLISH EDUCATION IN CHINA USING AN APPLICATION OF BIG DATA IN ENGLISH TEACHING

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, education has entered the era of big data based on computer network technology, powerful cloud storage technology, and computational analysis technology. The era of big data is changing society at a rapid pace. Big data can transform how we teach English, the dominant position in English teaching, the evaluation methods of English teaching, and education in general. Big data can also be applied to the remote teaching of English history, teaching party history, and English exam history in the English classroom. By applying big data to the history of English teaching, we can significantly improve China's English teaching industry and promote the reform of China's education industry. English is a universal language in today's globalized world, and it has become even more critical. Therefore, English teaching should be reformed towards application, and learning English can be a tool that significantly impacts people's lives, especially in the context of China, where English is not the first language (L1).

English Language with Reference to African American Vernacular English and Creating Cultural Attitude in a Multicultural Setting

Language is one of the crucial factors that have developed in humans since ancient times. It is one such source that enables one to communicate with another person and maintain once existence. This language gradually changed its pattern, and now it has become one of the most important factors for not only communication but also survival and English being one of them. The English language today is the language of development, as it is one of the major languages of commerce. In this part, one needs to understand and learn the English language according to the prescribed rules and regulations. But, then, could it be possible to make this language learning process better with more understanding and the inclusion of vernacular language? The paper tries to present the origin and cultural consequences of the use of African-American vernacular English. Also, the paper tries to present that AAVE is no different language than SAE.

WIDER DEN ENGLISCH-WAHN. ERHALT DER MEHRSPRACHIGKEIT IN DER EUROPÄISCHEN WISSENSCHAFTSKULTUR AGAINST ENGLISCH DOMINATION. PRESERVING MULTILINGUALISM IN EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC CULTURE

The problem of everyday scientific language is gaining in importance both in today's linguistic and language didactic research. It will also be central to today's science conception. From the perspective of the current Anglophone scientific community, the article discusses the effects of some standards in scientific practice – including the quantification culture – on publication practices and the associated displacement of the traditionally multilingual European scientific culture. In this context, some measures are discussed that can reduce the influence of English, e.g. in the humanities. In general, this also touches on the question of what effects the language changeover in science will have on smaller research communities and languages.

Importance of the English Language in Today’s World

Importance of the English Language in Today’s World

THE INTERDISCIPLINARITY OF SENTIMENT ANALYSIS AND ITS USE IN TEACHING

Sentiment analysis is no longer considered an emerging field in the context of today's language analysis tools. Widely used in the business area, it is a very useful tool in analyzing reviews and feedback provided by customers for different types of products and services. Beyond its wide use in marketing and tourism, for instance, sentiment analysis has proven its interdisciplinary character, going far beyond its original purpose. One innovative and creative way is its use in education. There are already quite a few studies in this direction, highlighting the importance and usefulness of sentiment analysis in teaching. This article adds to this research, focusing on its use use in an English as a second language class, in the setting of an Economics faculty, with first-year Bachelor students. The general context of this teaching approach, its details, results, and limitations will be described in detail.

"Dadi Lemek Dadi Gandhek" in Javanese Cultural Perspective

This article examines the patriarchal system of Javanese society and its effect on the status of Javanese women. Certain expressions that are still commonly used in Javanese language today can be seen to imply the inferiority of women. This article argues for a re-evaluation of these expressions in the light of gender equality and social justice. The potency of this concept within Javanese culture has led to restrictions perceived as curtailing women's mobility; an example being the practice of segregation, which curbs women's freedom. Hence, this research aims to scrutinise the social significance of "Dadi Lemek Dadi Gandhek" and its relevance to contemporary times. Qualitative and interpretive methods inform this study, with Foucault's discourse theory being the theoretical framework. Qualitative and interpretive methods inform this study, with Foucault's discourse theory being the theoretical framework. The literature review is the primary data collection method. The research findings indicate that Javanese gender roles have transformed with the progression of education and technology. Present-day women possess greater autonomy and freedom to voice their desires, unhindered by conventional boundaries restricting their involvement and advancement in numerous spheres.

Austrian Language Policy on the rights to mother tongue education

Austrian Language Policy on the rights to mother tongue education The study focuses on Austria’s key language policies and legislations that have an impact on German as a state language as well as minority languages. The Federal Constitution of Austria contains the most important regulations protecting German and minority languages. The first three articles of Austria's Constitution are critical legislations for the protection of state and minority languages. The Austrian Federal Constitution requires ethnic communities to be protected and preserved. The study then goes on to explore the primary organisations and administrations responsible for the evolution of today's Austrian language policy. The system in Austria for safeguarding and promoting minority languages is typically well-developed. Austria has been an active participant in European programmes aimed at the protection of minorities. Ratification of the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages is a critical step towards the European Union's integration. Austria signed and ratified the Charter in 1992 and 2001, respectively. Slovenians, Croats, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, and Roma are the six indigenous ethnic minorities recognized in Austria. Austria issued its fifth evaluation report in 2023. This report was reviewed by the researcher using critical discursive analysis. Based on the facts gathered, Austria is a country that should be emulated in terms of minority safeguarding and protection; nonetheless, changes are needed in several areas. Keywords: language policy, language policy in education, minorities, minority rights, minority rights in Austria, Austrian language policy

Adapting Technology to Meet 21st-Century Language Learning Difficulties

The use of technology tools in education is one of the modern educational methods that have proven themselves in a short period and have become an important reference for the parties to the educational process. This study aims to study the importance of adapting technology to meet 21st -century language learning difficulties. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, English has gradually replaced regional dialects in schools. The English language today occupied a prominent place among the languages of the whole world, and it has become the language of science and technology and the language most learned and used as a second or foreign language (FL). In the other hand, many previous studies showed that students face difficulties when learning the English language. Although these English learning difficulties in the classrooms, several researchers indicated that utilizing technologies in language learning processes is a useful instrument that could improve students’ performance. The results indicated that technologies are considered as a vital part in the recent learning process, and it could enhance learners motivations and develop their spelling, vocabulary and sentence structure skills. This study results also showed that the main difficulties that could face English teachers especially when adapting technologies in the teaching process are, technical difficulties, poor management abilities of teachers and Bad technological learning infrastructure. The study recommended preparing a technology assisted environment to cover 21st English learning abilities.

Ecolinguistic Approach to Overcoming the Linguistic Inequality in Spain (by the Example of the Language Situation in Russia)

The problem of preserving and protecting the native language today is relevant in a multinational and polyconfessional state in today’s era of globalisation and European economic integration. The purpose of the article is to examine the internal destruction of the linking function of a single official language, to analyze the discriminatory status of the Spanish language in modern Spain, to predict the consequences of such a language policy and to carry out a comparative analysis of the language situation in Spain and Russia. The object of the study is the Spanish language as the official language of the Kingdom of Spain and its role, significance and functions in the regions of the country, reflecting the political processes of recent decades. Comparative, historical and typological approaches are used, as well as the methods of observation, analysis and modeling. The author investigates the causes of the linguistic inequality in Spain and states the negative consequences of the language policy pursued by the government. Practical recommendations have been developed to overcome the current problems in the country’s language policy, based on the example of Russia.

Big hype about ChapGPT in medicine : Is it something for rhythmologists? What must be taken into consideration?

ChatGPT, achatbot based on alarge language model, is currently attracting much attention. Modern machine learning (ML) architectures enable the program to answer almost any question, to summarize, translate, and even generate its own texts, all in atext-based dialogue with the user. Underlying technologies, summarized under the acronym NLP (natural language processing), go back to the 1960s. In almost all areas including medicine, ChatGPT is raising enormous hopes. It can easily pass medical exams and may be useful in patient care, diagnostic and therapeutic assistance, and medical research. The enthusiasm for this new technology shown even by medical professionals is surprising. Although the system knows much, it does not know everything; not everything it outputs is accurate either. Every output has to be carefully checked by the user for correctness, which is often not easily done since references to sources are lacking. Issues regarding data protection and ethics also arise. Today's language models are not free of bias and systematic distortion. These shortcomings have led to calls for stronger regulation of the use of ChatGPT and an increasing number of similar language models. However, this new technology represents an enormous progress in knowledge processing and dissemination. Numerous scenarios in which ChatGPT can provide assistance are conceivable, including in rhythmology. In the future, it will be crucial to render the models error-free and transparent and to clearly define the rules for their use. Responsible use requires systematic training to improve the digital competence of users, including physicians who use such programs.

TIME CALCULATION METHODS OF THE BUGIS MAKASSAR TRIBE BASED ON THE KU TIKA BOOK

The Bugis Makassar Tribe Society is one of the tribes in Indonesia that has historical traces in the calendar system. The method of calculating people's time in ancient times was contained in the Ku Tika manuscript of the Bone Tribe which until now is no longer used and is only used as a historical source. Many of today's generations do not know and are no longer able to be read by various backgrounds in society in general. This is because the language used in the text is not the same as today's language, such as the Lontara Bugis language. Therefore, a study is needed regarding the contents of the manuscript so that it can be known by all audiences. This research is included in library research, namely research by collecting data and information from books, journals, and other document records. Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that the Ku Tika manuscript of the Bone tribe explains the meaning of hours, days and months. The time calculation method used is called Pakkita Esso which means the system of five times in one day.

THE ROLE OF ICT IN TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE PHONICS

Teaching of English language phonics is becoming one of the most challenging task in our society where knowledge of the phonics is expanding and changing rapidly and modern technologies are demanding teachers of English language phonics to learn how to use these technologies in their teaching. A teacher play a pivotal role in the process of teaching English language phonics. Hence, knowledge of ICT and skills to use ICT in teaching English language phonics has gained enormous importance for today's English language phonics teachers. The teachers are expected to know how to successfully integrate ICT into their lesson to make learning more meaningful. ICT based learning causes changes in the Educational objectives in the conception of the teaching and learning process. ICT can provide more exible and effective ways for professional development of the teachers. This paper projects the conceptual details about importance of ICT in teaching English language phonics and also the challenges of ICT in teaching English language phonics. It concludes with discussion of key principles for effective ICT development in teaching English language phonics.

Catastrophic Consequences of Spain’s Language Policy against the Background of Russia’s Language Policy

Introduction. The problem of preserving and protecting the native language today is one of the main ones facing any people thinking about their future in the conditions of globalization, European economic integration and a modern multinational and multi-confessional state. The purpose of this article is to examine the internal processes of the destruction of the status of a single official language as a link between the country and the analysis of the discriminatory status of the Spanish language in modern Spain and the prediction of the consequences of such discrimination of language policy, as well as a comparative analysis of the language situation in Spain and Russia. Materials and Methods. This section specifies what has served as material for the analysis and describes the research techniques used. The object of the study is the Spanish language as the official language of the Kingdom of Spain, its role and its changes in the regions in the process of political processes over the past decades. Comparative- historical and typological research methods are used, as well as methods of observation, analysis, modeling. Results. This is the main section, which aims to confirm or reject a working hypothesis (or hypotheses) by means of analysis, synthesis and elucidation of data. The reasons for the unbalanced state of the language situation in Spain, as well as the negative consequences of the language policy pursued by the government, are analyzed. Practical recommendations have been developed to overcome the existing critical problems in the field of the country's language policy, based on the Russian example. Discussion and Conclusion. In this part, the results are to be briefly summarized and the main directions for further research indicated. The results presented in the article contribute to the scientific understanding of the problem of the status of the state official language in modern Spain. They contribute to the development of awareness of the seriousness and danger of the problem. If we Spaniards do not realize the seriousness of what is happening and do not force the government, the opposition and all legitimate parties to respond to this critical situation, then the future of the Spanish language and the Spaniards themselves in Spain seems pessimistic, since we will be foreigners in our beautiful country.

THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS IN LEARNING LANGUAGES

This article is about importance and relevance of computers in the process of learning languages in today's world. The article analyzes reasons and purposes, advantages and disadvantages of using computers in lessons; helps the learners to understand what purposes should be used computers.

МЕХАНІЗМ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВИХ КОМУНІКАЦІЙ В УМОВАХ КРИЗИ

The article examines the main components of marketing communications, defines the main directions of use and development of marketing communications, notes the importance of using communications in the field of marketing to increase the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises. The essence and features of modern marketing communications in crisis conditions are determined. The essence of the definition of communications, marketing communications and a set of marketing communications has been clarified. The definition of the mechanism of marketing communications has been clarified. The main components of the complex of marketing communications are defined. Theoretical approaches to the organization of marketing communications in conditions of uncertainty and crisis are considered. A general mechanism of marketing communications is proposed, taking into account the crisis in which enterprises and the state are today. Proposed marketing tools that can help create competitive advantages of the enterprise in today's languages, taking into account the crisis. It is noted that it is necessary to use marketing communications to increase competitiveness in crisis conditions. It has been proven that in the conditions of the crisis in which Ukraine operates, it is important to use the mechanism of marketing communications as one of the basic elements of increasing the level of competitiveness of the enterprise and stabilizing the efficiency of functioning. The importance of increasing the level of communicative influence as one of the methods of modernization of modern business in crisis conditions is noted. The main aspects of the complex and mechanism of marketing communications, which directly affect the decision-making process for choosing the marketing strategy of the enterprise, are highlighted. A mechanism for the use of marketing communications is proposed, taking into account the crisis conditions faced and in which the state functions. The importance of the ability to adjust each stage of the proposed mechanism to achieve the maximum effect is noted. The need to use a clear mechanism of marketing communications has been proven to allow business to achieve its main goals in modern and crisis conditions.