Community Today Research Articles

A Mathematical Model of Poverty and Cybercrime Dynamics in South-South, Nigeria

Poverty and cybercrime are two topical concepts that have attracted a lot of interest in Nigeria and in the global community today. This study used the compartmental mathematical modelling approach to provide a comprehensive framework for analyzing the dynamics of poverty and its relationship with cybercrime in the South-South region of Nigeria. The model was derived from a five-compartment representation from which a set of five ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was developed, which captures its dynamism. The stability analysis and determination of the conditions for stability at steady state of the system were done using the Routh Array criterion. The ODEs were solved numerically using the fourth-order Runge Kutta method. Findings reveals that intervention programmes at different stages can help decrease the population in both impoverished and cybercrime compartments in the region.

UI/UX Design of Psychology Consultation System Application Using the Design Thinking Method

Mental health is an important issue facing the global community today. Every year, millions of people are affected by a variety of mental disorders, making mental health a very pressing issue. The study highlights the need for a mobile app-based psychological consultation system, which can provide better access for individuals experiencing mental problems. Through the design and development of effective systems, this research aims to understand how these apps can help individuals overcome mental health challenges, improve their quality of life, and facilitate better interactions between mental health professionals and users. This research method follows a design thinking approach to design UI/UX for psychology consultation system applications. This approach was chosen because it can produce more innovative solutions by understanding user needs in depth. From the results of this study, it is clear that the application of a psychology consultation system designed with a user-based approach can not only increase satisfaction but also increase user engagement. These findings support the initial hypothesis that a deep understanding of user needs can lead to better and more effective app designs.

Urban protracted displacement and displacement economies

Protracted displacement is one of the most complex and difficult humanitarian problems facing the international community today. This paper argues that urban protracted displacement deserves status as a distinct state of refugeehood, and that better analysis of the structural and individual barriers to economic inclusion of urban refugees and IDPs should underpin both incremental and radical policy response. The paper draws on a study of protracted displacement in four countries, Ethiopia, Jordan, Kenya and Afghanistan, to explore those barriers through application of the Displacement Economies Framework, a theoretical and programming tool developed through the research, to help rethink responses to protracted displacement in cities. The paper thus contributes to literatures on urban protracted displacement and to a gap in the research on displacement economies in cities, demonstrating that addressing structural and individual barriers is key to supporting the economic inclusion of displaced people in cities.

Asuhan Keperawatan Keluarga pada Ny. S dengan Gangguan Sistem Kardiovaskular : Hipertensi di Desa Kalibuntu RT 02 RW 03 Kecamatan Losari Kabupaten Brebes

Hypertension is still one of the problems that exist in the community today. Ordinary people know hypertension as high blood pressure because this disease has a high increase in blood pressure outside normal limits (Marbun and Hutapea 2022). The purpose of this writing is to be able to make and apply Family Nursing Care to Mrs S with Cardiovascular System Disorders: Hypertension in Kalibuntu Village Rt 02 Rw 03 Losari District, Brebes Regency. This writing method uses a descriptive method with a nursing process approach study. The results of nursing care Clients often feel dizzy and headache, the back of the head feels heavy. Pain in the nape of the neck. Pain increases during activity and decreases when resting. Pain like being cut into pieces. Pain in the nape of the neck. Pain scale 4 (moderate pain). Pain is intermittent. The client said he knew about hypertension, but did not know in detail about what causes hypertension, signs and symptoms of hypertension, and how to prevent and treat complaints. The nursing diagnoses raised are acute pain and knowledge deficit. Interventions are carried out based on SIKI and implementation based on interventions that have been designed. In the evaluation of the two diagnoses there is one resolved diagnosis, namely knowledge deficit, partially resolved diagnoses, namely acute pain. The results of nursing care have no gaps with theory. Writing i

Tinjauan Sosiologi Hukum Islam Terhadap Larangan Nikah Sasuku dalam Adat Minangkabau

The prohibition of same-clan marriage in Minangkabau customs is still enforced by the Minangkabau community today, despite various differences in the application of leniencies and sanctions established in different nagari (villages) for those who engage in same-clan marriages. This prohibition was set by customary institutions at that time to address the social conditions of the community. Although the social conditions that led to this prohibition have changed, it remains upheld by the Minangkabau people to this day. In examining this phenomenon, this research utilizes an Islamic legal sociology approach to observe the shifts in social conditions that have occurred. This study aims to explore how the prohibition of same-clan marriage has maintained its existence within the Minangkabau community and continues to be practiced today. The research is primarily library-based, collecting various supporting literary sources. In Minangkabau customs, the prohibition of same-clan marriage is enforced to prevent various harms that may arise from such unions for their clans, making it considered taboo and bringing shame to their kin. This belief reinforces the community's perception of avoiding these marriages. The perception built within the Minangkabau community can be understood through the Islamic legal sociology approach as a means to prevent potential harms arising from this marriage (sad adz-dzari'ah). Additionally, the societal perception of the taboo surrounding this marriage can serve as a social control mechanism that strengthens the Minangkabau people's conviction to avoid such unions, allowing this custom to endure.

The Role of Digital Leadership in The Digitalization Transformation of The East Java District Attorney's Office in Improving Public Services Through The “SI PANDU” Application

Sustainable development that affects all organizations brings a new transformation that prioritizes IT adaptability and effective services. The need for effective and practical life services is the primary need of the global community today. Therefore, digital leaders, in this case, play a critical role in creating a digital transformation strategy at the East Java High Prosecutor's Office in a visionary and targeted manner by creating an application called SI PANDU, which integrates the external and internal operations of the East Java High Prosecutor's Office which also improves the quality of public services. Based on this background, this study aims to review how digital leaders at the High Prosecutor's Office are able to encourage innovation in the emergence of the SI PANDU application as a form of action against the sixteenth SDG's point. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a literacy study approach to obtain in-depth results. From this study, the results were also obtained that digital leaders have three indicators mastered to create innovation, namely profoundly understanding people, digitalizing organization and driving and integrating tech trends. These three components exist in the East Java District Attorney's Office so that they can observe trends and follow their development to realise effective public services.

On responsible machine learning datasets emphasizing fairness, privacy and regulatory norms with examples in biometrics and healthcare

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seamlessly integrated into numerous scientific domains, catalysing unparalleled enhancements across a broad spectrum of tasks; however, its integrity and trustworthiness have emerged as notable concerns. The scientific community has focused on the development of trustworthy AI algorithms; however, machine learning and deep learning algorithms, popular in the AI community today, intrinsically rely on the quality of their training data. These algorithms are designed to detect patterns within the data, thereby learning the intended behavioural objectives. Any inadequacy in the data has the potential to translate directly into algorithms. In this study we discuss the importance of responsible machine learning datasets through the lens of fairness, privacy and regulatory compliance, and present a large audit of computer vision datasets. Despite the ubiquity of fairness and privacy challenges across diverse data domains, current regulatory frameworks primarily address human-centric data concerns. We therefore focus our discussion on biometric and healthcare datasets, although the principles we outline are broadly applicable across various domains. The audit is conducted through evaluation of the proposed responsible rubric. After surveying over 100 datasets, our detailed analysis of 60 distinct datasets highlights a universal susceptibility to fairness, privacy and regulatory compliance issues. This finding emphasizes the urgent need for revising dataset creation methodologies within the scientific community, especially in light of global advancements in data protection legislation. We assert that our study is critically relevant in the contemporary AI context, offering insights and recommendations that are both timely and essential for the ongoing evolution of AI technologies.

Analysis Of Macro Fibre Concrete Reinforcement For Sustainable Infrastructure Development

Sustainable infrastructure development in Indonesia currently still uses concrete as its material, as the use of concrete increases, there are more and more efforts to improve concrete's capabilities or reduce its weaknesses. Many innovations have been carried out, such as adding additional materials and one of them from plastic bottle waste, because the development of flexible infrastructure is one of the key factors in responding to the challenges faced by the global community today. So research was carried out to increase the maximum load of concrete using a mixture of macro fibers derived from plastic bottle waste. The research method used was an experimental method at the Civil Engineering Structure Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Kalimantan MAB Banjarmasin. From the results of research testing the maximum load of concrete with variations in macro fibers from plastic waste using cube specimens measuring 15 cm x 15 cm, and cylinders measuring 15 cm x 30 cm, the load increased with a value of 446.66 Kn to 456.66 kN for cube specimen and 210 kN to 303.33 kN for cylindrical specimen.

Exploring the impact of Sm3+ doping on the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of ZnAl2O4 spinels

The development of novel nano-photocatalysts to address the ongoing water purification and organic dye degradation issues is a major concern to the research community today. In view of it, in the present study, Sm3+-doped ZnAl2O4, (ZnAl2-2xSm2xO4; x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02 & 0.03) nano-catalysts were prepared through solution combustion method using Isoleucine as a fuel. Systematic studies were conducted to evaluate their structural, microstructural and band structure properties to ascertain the feasibility of their use as photocatalysts against acid orange 8 dye under visible light irradiation. It was observed that the substitution of Sm3+ at the Al3+ site has a greater impact on the formation of single-phase spherical nanoparticles of the sample crystallized in the cubic crystal structure. With the increase in the concentration of Sm3+, the average crystallite size was found to decrease towards the quantum limit. Additionally, BET analysis reveals an increase in specific surface area and pore size, accompanied by a reduction in pore volume with higher Sm3+ concentrations. SEM micrographs reveal that the prepared samples are highly porous in nature, supporting the XRD and BET analysis. Also, the band gap was found to increase with Sm3+ concentration. It is worth noting that ZnAl2-2xSmxO4 nanoparticles demonstrate significant photocatalytic activity against Acid Orange 8 dye under visible light, although the band gap increases with Sm3+ concentration. Notably, 3 mol% Sm3+-doped ZnAl2O4 achieves 92 % degradation efficiency of Acid Orange 8 under visible light due to its high surface area, increased active sites, and reduced photogenerated charge carrier recombination. The photocatalytic dye degradation mechanism highlights the role of dye sensitization in enabling visible light photocatalytic activity for Sm3+-doped ZnAl2O4, which primarily absorbs in the UV region. The process relies on the efficient transfer of electrons from the excited dye to the photocatalyst, followed by the formation of reactive species that drive the degradation of pollutants. The corresponding mechanism for this is proposed in detail.

Wildlife following people: A multidisciplinary assessment of the ancient colonization of the Mediterranean Basin by a long‐lived raptor

Abstract Modern humans widely shaped present ecosystems through intentional and unintentional geographical redistribution of wildlife, both in historical and pre‐historical times. However, the patterns of ancient human‐mediated indirect changes in wildlife range are largely unknown, and the mechanisms behind them remain obscure. We used a multidisciplinary approach to (a) reconstruct the process of colonization of the Mediterranean Basin by a long‐lived bird of prey, the Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata), and (b) test the hypothesis that this colonization was unintentionally favoured by anatomically modern humans through a release of competition by dominant species, primarily golden eagles (A. chrysaetos). The fossil record of Bonelli's eagles in the Mediterranean Basin was restricted to the last c. 50 ky. This timing matches the period of modern human presence in Europe. Distribution modelling showed that Bonelli's eagles find more suitable conditions in interglacial periods, while glacial maxima are largely unfavourable unless in coastal refugia. In agreement with this, all Bonelli's eagle's fossils were found in coastal areas, and demographic inference from genetic data revealed a drop in the effective population size by around the last glacial maximum. In today's communities, we found a strongly asymmetric competitive relationship between (subordinate) Bonelli's and (dominant) golden eagles, with the former occupying far more humanized areas than the latter both at the landscape scale and the local (i.e. nesting cliff) scale. Moreover, the nesting habitat overlap analysis indicated that, in the absence of the other species, a notably higher population of Bonelli's eagle, but not of golden eagle, could be expected. Our findings are consistent with the human‐mediated competitor release hypothesis, by which anatomically modern humans could have unintentionally favoured the large‐scale colonization by Bonelli's eagles of a previously competitively hostile Mediterranean Basin. Reconstructing the role of ancient humans in shaping present ecosystems may help to understand the historical, current and future population trajectories of competing species of conservation concern under the ongoing scenario of global environmental change. It also illustrates how human‐mediated apparent competition may promote large‐scale redistribution and colonization of wildlife, including long‐lived species. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Anchoring Sovereignty in Space: Documenting Places of Wichita Community Building in the Twentieth Century

Abstract The Wichita and Affiliated Tribes have a long history of occupation in what is now known as Oklahoma. This includes evidence of habitations along Camp Creek and Sugar Creek near Anadarko in Caddo County. Here Wichita peoples camped, built grass houses and arbors, and held social gatherings leading up to and following the passing of the General Allotment Act in 1887. After allotment, communal camp and dance grounds were especially important focal points for community building. These places, such as the ichaskhah camp and dance ground discussed in this article, are critical to understanding the multigenerational connections between ancestral and living Wichita peoples. This history is also important to the community today. However, archaeological research of the Allotment period is exceptionally rare in this region. By using collaborative and Indigenous archaeological methodologies, this work documents the complexities of these places, challenging traditional assumptions of allotment-era cultural loss and assimilation.

PHILOSOPHICAL VALUE OF SUMANGET KA-SUMEDANGAN IN EFFORTS TO DEVELOP STUDENTS' CHARACTER IN SUMEDANG REGENCY

The cultivation of local culture and wisdom is important as an effort to minimize the impact of globalization on elementary school students. Sumanget Ka-Sumedang is one of the cultural heritages in the form of ideas or concepts from the Sumedang regency. This research would to analyze the philosophical value of Sumanget Ka-sumedangan in an effort to instill the character of students in Sumedang Regency. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study method. The data collection techniques in this study used interview techniques, observation, literature study, and documentation study. This research employs qualitative data analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that out of the 7 schools examined in the study, one school implemented a program oriented towards the philosophical values of Sumanget Ka-Sumedang comprehensively. Other schools carried out activity programs without being based on Sumanget Ka-Sumedang, although there were still aspects of character value development present. The predominant types of activities chosen for implementation were through habituation and school culture. Philosophically, Sumanget Ka-Sumedang portrays the ideal Sumedang community, where individuals possess traits such as optimism, critical thinking, spiritual integrity, discipline, intelligence, politeness, and patience. Despite its longstanding existence, Sumanget Ka-Sumedang remains relevant to the challenges faced by the community today. The implementation of activity programs in educational units oriented to the philosophical values of Sumanget Ka-Sumedangan is the right way to instill the character of students.

Mental Health and Healing Practices in the Ottoman Empire: A Historical and Psychological Analysis

This study conducts a comparative analysis of mental health care within the Ottoman Empire and its impact on current psychological understandings and treatments, highlighting the significant role of cultural and historical contexts in shaping mental health practices. It demonstrates the ongoing relevance of the Ottoman Empire's holistic and integrative approaches, emphasizing compassionate, comprehensive care that incorporates a wide array of therapeutic modalities, such as herbal remedies and spiritual healing. These methods illustrate the importance of addressing the complex nature of mental well-being. The research addresses the difficulties of applying historical mental health practices to contemporary settings, advocating for a method that honors cultural and societal variances. Insights from Ottoman mental health and healing practices provide essential lessons for today, endorsing a more empathetic, patient-focused, and culturally inclusive mental health care system. The enduring influence of Ottoman methods invites further investigation into historical mental health strategies, pointing to future research opportunities, including the integration of traditional healing into modern care models and the creation of fair mental health systems. This analysis underlines the importance of historical perspectives in enhancing contemporary mental health care, proposing an approach that respects the past while catering to the diverse needs of the global community today.

All-in-one smartphone imaging for visual immunobiosensing of cancer biomarker using electronic gyro-centrifuge and nanozyme

Integrated functionality that combines recognition elements and sensors on a single platform to provide real-time detection capabilities for fifth-generation biosensors is considered one of the dominant tools for addressing point-of-care testing in the community today. Inspired by gyroscope and smartphone-based sensors, we developed a portable and low-cost immunobiosensor for high-throughput detection of cancer-related markers. The main testing process was divided into two parts: blood sample preprocessing based on an electronic gyroscope and signal reading based on nanozyme and smartphone. The feasibility of a commercial electronic gyroscope for serum acquisition from whole blood samples was evaluated. In addition, PtCd nanoclusters (PtCd NCs) were used as excellent peroxidase-like nanozymes to trigger the target signal conversion of the immunosensor. PtCd NCs were able to catalyze the conversion of H2O2 to ·OH, which rapidly oxidized the colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate to the blue Oxidized-TMB (oxTMB). Naked eye visible obvious color change and the RGB values of the color metrology system could also be read by smartphone. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a model biomarker was used to validate the utility of an integrated immunoassay system to enable early cancer screening through localization of RGB values. This work focuses on convenient blood sample preprocessing and simplified serologic cancer screening steps to develop an efficient and cost-effective immunoassay platform for community and on-site point-of-care testing (POCT) in resource-limited settings.

Physiochemical and Sensory Properties of Edible Cups Conceptualized from Food By-Products

ABSTRACT: Our community today is going through multiple challenges, in the arena of nutrition and the environment. The use of plastic or paper containers to pack foods is on a huge rise proportional to the increase in the purchase of outside foods. In terms of environment, the concern is with the the improper disposal of plastics, which destroys volumes of species, causes pollution in land and water, elevates greenhouse gas emissions and contaminates the food chain, in health perspective, there is arise in the pervasiveness of various non-communicable diseases because of several carcinogenic,toxic, and hazardous chemicals present in foods we consume packed in those containers. As an alternative initiative, this study aims to formulate nutritive edible cups utilizing wheat flour as the major ingredient, and the by-products of the food industry namely rice bran, dehulled chickpea flour, groundnut cake, pomace of beetroot, apple, and molasses in different proportions, thereby providing a solution to disposal of waste products from food industry also. The edible cups formulated with different proposition of the listed ingredients were subjected to Organoleptic and functionality evaluation. The accepted variation of the edible cup was further analysed for nutritional composition and phytochemical composition. The results show that these nutritive edible cups were found to be palatable and can be utilized to serve solid and semi-solid foods and can be consumed along with the served food. The edible cups provide sufficient energy(354Kcals), carbohydrates(74.2g), fat(1.5g), protein(10.8g), fiber(4.6g), polyphenols, flavonoids, and phytochemicals.

Servant-Leadership as a Model for Christian Community: A Subversive Rhetoric and Ideology in Luke 22:23–27

This article carefully examines the meaning of servant leadership as embedded in Luke 22:23–27. We believe that servant leadership as taught by the Lukan Jesus is an ideal leadership style suitable for anyone who aspires for any leadership position. To examine this topic, this article adopts subversive rhetoric to interpret the text in Luke 22:23–27 to understand the embedded ideology within the text. The application of subversive rhetoric and ideology in reading Luke 22:23–27 provides insights into the leadership problems faced in Christian community today. Using subversive rhetoric and ideology as a means of interpretation, this article emphasises that the Lukan text is an invitation to the Christian community to model their leadership style based on the premise of the Lukan Jesus since leadership is the centre of every good governance. The Lukan Jesus instructed his followers not to follow the empire’s leadership style of ruling over people without caring for their wellbeing. However, the article acknowledges that the disciples were instructed to subversively change the leadership style and implement the one that would be of benefit to the entire humanity—the servant leadership model. It concludes that the Luke text aims at introducing a servant leadership system that was against the Roman Empire for the new Lukan community and invites the present Christian community and world leaders to imbibe the ideology of servant leadership style as introduced by the Lukan Jesus and practised by Nelson Mandela.

Adapting to the Transformation of Education: New Challenges for Teachers

It is increasingly evident to the educational community today that technology is rapidly transforming Education and learning. Ubiquitously present, the digital criterion is inevitably and surely making learning and teaching move to a next step never experienced before. Moreover, the COVID19 disruption has contributed to the acceleration of this transformation that moved the educational and learning community into new virtual environments. And while good practice is necessary for an appropriate transition to the digital transformation era, it will require time, motivation, technology tools and infrastructures. It will also need knowledge, skills, appropriate pedagogical choices, support and a real mind-set and culture. Education needs to adapt, but adaptation can only be possible if it relies on both teachers’ efforts towards learning sustainability and an adequate use of technology. Many questions come, therefore, to impose themselves in this new context as to: What challenges are facing teachers today? What competencies need to be developed by teachers and learners to be able to function appropriately and efficiently in order to thrive successfully in this era of digital learning? How can teachers manage their contents and pedagogy to respond to their learners’ needs as far as skills and knowledge development, matched to a responsible and informed use of virtual spaces for learning?

The Law of Returning Dowry in The Banggai Tradition

Research Objective: This research aims to examine the Law of Dowry Return in Banggai Tradition. Theory: This research used Gustav Radbruch's Legal Objective Theory, which has three basic assumptions of legal objectives, namely: justice, expediency, and legal certainty, and all three are legal objectives mutually. Method: This research is a qualitative research using the Legal Pluralism Paradigm. Results of the Research: Banggai, as a former Islamic Sultanate that had existed since the end of the 16th century, inherited many tangible and intangible legacies that can still be found in the community today. One of them is the Law of Dowry Return in Banggai Tradition, a tradition that is still alive in the midst of the community, and becomes an unwritten legal norm, which applies in a particular community environment (hybrid law or unnamed law). The research is objectively analytical, which means that customary law is studied positively and negatively. This research found that the law of returning dowry still remains valid in the Banggai community, both Muslims and Christians.

Intelligent computation in cancer gene therapy.

In recent years, the use of gene therapy for the treatment of disease has gained substantial interest, both in academic research and in the biomedical industry. Initial experimentation in gene therapy has generated positive results, as well as questions regarding safety. However, lessons have been learned from these first investigations, among them a realization that such treatments require a method to fine-tune the expression of therapeutic genes in real-time. A logical solution to this problem arose through the field of synthetic biology in the form of synthetic gene circuits. Thus, the synthetic biology community today aims to create "smart cells" for a variety of gene therapy applications, in an attempt to precisely target malignant cells while avoiding harming healthy ones. To generate safer and more effective gene therapies, new approaches with emerging computational abilities are necessary. In this review, we present several computational approaches which allow demonstrating artificial intelligence in living cells. Specifically, we will focus on implementing artificial neural networks using synthetic gene regulatory networks for cancer therapy and discuss the state-of-the-art computational developments.

Modeling of Regional Economic Growth in the Conditions of Simulation of Scientific and Technical Revolution (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)

The issues of the structural organization of productive factors that trigger and intensify the economic dynamics of the regions are quite well worked out in the scientific community today. Without going into a detailed review of derivative approaches that offer modifications to the models discussed above, it must be unequivocally stated that the basic factors of economic dynamics included in the neoclassical production functions are labor, fixed capital, and scientific and technological progress (STP). At the same time, it is important to take into account that when taking into account and including in the models of production functions of scientific and technical progress, it is often understood as the potential for the creation and diffusion of innovations in the economic environment. In this work, scientific and technical progress is understood as a set of human, financial, infrastructural and institutional resources that determine the overall innovative capabilities of the region and the level of its effectiveness in the field of science and technology to solve problems in the field of ensuring the qualitative and structural parameters of economic growth and development, increasing competitiveness in the meso -, macro and global level. Relying on this approach to the definition, as well as on the methodological tools for measuring STP proposed by the authors, the study attempts to construct a Solu production function. Based on the results of the assessments, the relevant parameters of the influence of productive factors on the GRP dynamics were established (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan), and patterns were identified that prove the priority of scientific and technological progress in shaping the prospects for economic dynamics in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution.