Today's Civil Research Articles

Civil aviation in the area of the European civil aviation conference: possible developments

Abstract The development of European civil aviation shows a swing from pure nationalism towards more co‐operation, increasingly institutionalized with the growing unification and prosperity of Europe. But this co‐operation is obstructed by the characteristics of today's civil aviation. Likewise the European Economic Community has been blocking co‐operation in the 22 countries of the European Civil Aviation Conference. The difficulties facing European scheduled air services emphasize the need to re‐model European civil aviation. The creation of an air transport system in Europe should agree with the general regulations of the EEC treaty. A system regardless of national frontiers would fit EEC law and should benefit the consumer, as a more efficient network should lead to lower tariffs, if IATA price‐fixing can be abolished. Such a system would probably cause substantial problems for those airlines that profit most from today's system.

Engineer's Role in Environmental Issues

Oneof the biggest problems encountered by today's civil engineer, whether he is involved in public works or private development, is the lack of support given to many of his projects by the public. One does not have to look further than today's problems in power supply to see that organized opposition by groups of citizens can bring to a halt many engineering projects enthusiastically supported by members of the engineering profession. The most commonly cited reason for objecting to an engineering project is the damage to theenvironment that could be created by the project. The traditional problems of engineering havebeen concerned with providing the necessities and conveniences for growth. Civil engineering has been accused of being growth oriented at any cost.

Medical preparedness-a must

ONCE again, rumors of impending nuclear war are being circulated in the capitals of the world. For this reason, it is important to review medical preparedness in the United States for its civilian population. Simply stated, medical preparedness for the US civilian population is presently in a precarious position. In fact, any further reduction of our emergency medical stockpile would make "preparedness" an empty word. 1 "In reality," says a research report published by our Defense Department, "it appears that today's civil defense could only meet the full test of adequacy under one contingency, the contingency that nuclear war does not occur." 2 For unclear reasons, the American public has been spared knowledge of the present plight of medical preparedness for its civilian population. It may well be that most people, and this includes those in the government, instinctively refuse to think of war. Some even believe that considering the

Medical Preparedness—A Must

ONCE again, rumors of impending nuclear war are being circulated in the capitals of the world. For this reason, is important to review medical in the United States for its civilian population. Simply stated, medical for the US civilian population is presently in a precarious position. fact, any further reduction of our emergency medical stockpile would make preparedness an empty word. 1 In reality, says a research report published by our Defense Department, it appears that today's civil defense could only meet the full test of adequacy under one contingency, the contingency that nuclear war does not occur. 2 For unclear reasons, the American public has been spared knowledge of the present plight of medical for its civilian population. It may well be that most people, and this includes those in the government, instinctively refuse to think of war. Some even believe that considering the

Computers and Cartography

Computer-aided plotting is turning the ancient art of cartography into an exact science. Today's geologist, civil engineer, city planner, highway engineer and government cartographer have turned to small computers and digital plotters for maps that in the past were produced entirely by hand. This movement to computer-aided cartography has yielded more accurate maps faster and at lower cost.

Dangers of Cultural Change: Gender and Female Criminality in Early Post-World War II Iran

“Today's civilization … is full of paradoxes.”1 With these words an Iranian women's magazine characterized Iran's state of affairs in 1928. Starting with the Constitutional Revolution (1905 and 1911), and at a faster pace during Reza Shah Pahlavi's rule (1921-41), social reforms, cultural change, and techno-scientific progress were re-forming Iran. The sun appeared to be rising again over the country, awakening it from an almost millenarian 'slumber'.