Tobacco Stem Research Articles

The beneficial endophytic microbes enhanced tobacco defense system to resist bacterial wilt disease

BackgroundThe vital role of rhizosphere microbiome in protecting plants against pathogen infection has been well characterized. By contrast, beneficial effects of the plant endophytic microbiome and interactions with plants remain poorly understood. Here, we integrated microbial community analysis, culture-based methods and plant defense gene quantification to systematically investigate the responses of endophytic root and stem microbiomes and the defense system of the tobacco plant to Ralstonia solanacearum, a bacterial pathogen causing bacterial wilt disease worldwide.ResultsAn obvious reduction of community diversity and changes of microbial composition were observed in tobacco root and stem compartments upon R. solanacearum infection. Beneficial endophytic microbes were enriched in both diseased root and stem compartments, and beneficial microbes enriched in roots were more diverse than those in stems. Several beneficial bacteria enriched in diseased roots showed positive correlations with the pathogen abundance and exhibited great antagonistic activities against R. solanacearum. At the same time, the expression of key genes participating in plant defense signaling pathways and activities of plant defense enzymes were activated with R. solanacearum infection. Inoculation of beneficial endophyte Burkholderia ASV_550 in soils could greatly enhance the tobacco defense system in the presence of pathogen and decrease the disease incidence.ConclusionsThe recruited beneficial microbes exhibited an enhancement of the defense system of host plants. This work provides endophyte evidence for the “cry for help” strategy in plants and advances the current understanding of plant–microbe interactions in resisting plant disease.Graphical

Metabolomics and transcriptomics uncover the pectin hydrolysis during tobacco stem fermentation by Aspergillus niger

Tobacco stems (TSs) are an inevitable by-product during tobacco processing, and pectin acts as a primary constituent in TSs. Aspergillus niger (A. niger) is widely used for enzyme production in food industry, such as pectinase. Thus, the pectin hydrolysis, pectinase activity, extracted metabolites, and expressed genes were investigated during TS fermentation (60 g/L) by A. niger. The pectin in TSs was effectively hydrolyzed by A. niger with fermentation time, and its removal efficiency exceeded 90% at 7 d no matter whether glucose was added (0–20 g/L), while the pectinase activity was inhibited with glucose addition. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the differences of metabolites were mainly occurred at 7 d during TS fermentation after supplying glucose, and the dominant metabolites included acids, esters, glycosides, phenols, and amines. Transcriptomics analysis showed that the external glucose promoted the up-regulation of differential expression genes (DEGs) during TS fermentation, and the DEGs mainly participated in the catalytic activity. A total of 28 genes involved in pectin hydrolysis were identified during TS fermentation, and the dominating genes encoding pectate lyase occupied an important position. This study provides a basis for the further study of TS fermentation and pectinase production by A. niger.

The Effect of Microbial Agents and Inducers on the Prevention and Quality of Tobacco Root and Stem Diseases

The Effect of Microbial Agents and Inducers on the Prevention and Quality of Tobacco Root and Stem Diseases

Optimizing Nicotine Extraction and Analysis Method from Tobacco Agrowaste Extract

Tobacco cultivation is prevalent in Indonesia and contributes significantly to the economy. However, it has negative impacts on social, health, and environmental conditions. The tobacco waste generated is classified as pre-harvest and post-harvest waste, which can be utilized to extract nicotine and recycle essential nutrients. Nicotine has various biological activities and potential health benefits. The extraction of nicotine from tobacco waste is a pressing issue to provide a valuable resource for various industries and reduce the environmental harm caused by burning tobacco waste. The study optimized the HPLC conditions for the detection of nicotine, including the mobile phase composition and flow rate, using a UV detector and a C18 column. The optimal eluent composition was Acetate Buffer: Methanol: Acetonitrile with a ratio of 30:50:20, and the optimal flow rate was 0.2 mL min-1. Additionally, it was found that the nicotine content of tobacco stem samples was higher than that of tobacco dust samples. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the extraction and analysis of nicotine in tobacco samples using HPLC, which can have important implications on developing sustainable tobacco production practices to minimize the negative impacts of tobacco cultivation on social, health, and environmental conditions.

Comparison of Combustion Characteristics of Tars Produced with Tobacco Stem Biomass Gasification

Comparison of Combustion Characteristics of Tars Produced with Tobacco Stem Biomass Gasification

A CFD simulation method study on the aerodynamic characteristics of particle suspension in tobacco stem shreds separating

A CFD simulation method study on the aerodynamic characteristics of particle suspension in tobacco stem shreds separating

Research on Equipment Optimization of Tobacco Stem Shreds Air Separator Based on Particle Suspension Characteristics

Research on Equipment Optimization of Tobacco Stem Shreds Air Separator Based on Particle Suspension Characteristics

Adsorptive removal of cypermethrin from aqueous solution on activated carbon derived from tobacco stem wastes: equilibrium and kinetic studies

Adsorptive removal of cypermethrin from aqueous solution on activated carbon derived from tobacco stem wastes: equilibrium and kinetic studies

Bioethanol Production from Tobacco Sticks Waste Using Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) Processes

The abundance of tobacco stem waste causes environmental problems such as soil and air pollution due to the high levels of nicotine contained in tobacco stems. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize tobacco stem waste to reduce environmental pollution. One way is to use it as a raw material for making bioethanol. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation time and cellulase enzyme volume on the level of bioethanol produced. This research uses the process Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) where in this process hydrolysis and fermentation are carried out in one reactor. Process Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) was carried out with variations in fermentation time for 24 hours, 48 ​​hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, and 120 hours and variations of cellulase enzymes as much as 6 ml, 7 ml, 8 ml, 9 ml, and 10 ml. The fermented product was tested for density and ethanol content. From the research results, the best bioethanol content was obtained during fermentation for 72 hours with the addition of 10 ml of cellulase enzyme volume which resulted in a bioethanol density of 0.99569 gr/ml and an ethanol content of 18%.

Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and waste tobacco stem: Gas products analysis, pyrolysis kinetics, artificial neural network modeling, and synergistic effects

This research comprehensively investigates the co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge (SS) and waste tobacco stem (WTS). Various SS and WTS ratios (1:0, 0.75:0.25, 0.50:0.50, 0.25:0.75, and 0:1) were tested over a range of heating rates (30 °C to 800 °C). Apparent activation energies were calculated using model-free methods, and the co-pyrolysis mechanism was described with the master plot method. Results suggest that SS and WTS co-pyrolysis follows power-law models (P3, P4). Among blends, S75W25 exhibited optimal synergy, with the lowest activation energy required for the pyrolysis reactions and inhibits CO2 emissions. S75W25′s pyrolysis gas primarily contained acids (e.g., ethylxanthogenacetic acid, acetic acid), hydrocarbons (e.g., supraene, cyclopropyl carbinol), and other compounds (e.g., CO2, pyrazine, pyridine, indole). ANN was utilized to forecast the temperature-mass loss relationships in co-pyrolysis, with the optimal model being ANN21, yielding a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.99999). This study offers guidance for the efficient utilization of waste SS and WTS.

Glucose-Histidine Heyns compound: Preparation, characterization and fragrance enhancement

N-(2-Deoxy-D-glucos-2-yl)-L-histidine (Glu-His), one of Heyns rearrangement products (HRPs), was prepared by condensation, dehydration and rearrangement using l-Histidine and d-Fructose as raw materials with methanol as solvent. The response surface method (RSM) was used to improve yield of product and the optimal reaction condition was as following: the original ratio of Fru:His was 1.2:1 and the temperature and time of reaction was 73.2 °C and 4.7 h, and the yield of final product was 74.10% with the purity of 99.7%. The structure of product was identified by IR, NMR and conformed as C12H19N3O7 (317.1 Da) by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and UPLC-MS/MS. The pyrolysis behavior of Glu-His showed that its initial pyrolysis temperature was 145.2 °C and the total weight loss reached 70.61% at 800 °C. The number of pyrolysis products increased with the increase of temperature, and the main pyrolysis products were pyrans, furans, pyrazines, pyrroles, pyridines, indoles and etc. with burnt-sweet, baking, nutty, sweet and floral aroma features. At last, the fragrance enhancement effect of Glu-His in the preparation of reconstructed tobacco stem (RTS) was investigated and the result of sensory evaluation showed that the smoke of RTS cigarettes brought about more sweet and moist, less irritation, better flavor and comfort with the addition of Glu-His (0.25%, w/w).

Study on the optimization of hydrothermal liquefaction performance of tobacco stem and the high value utilization of catalytic products

The major objective of this paper was to explore the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) characteristics of tobacco stem (TS) and increased the possibility of using TS. The optimum reaction conditions were determined by discussing the reaction temperature, initial pressure and residence time. HCl, KOH and Na2CO3 catalysts were added to compare and analyze the products of bio-oil, biochar and gas (Characterized and analyzed via GC-MS, FT-IR, SEM and GC). Research has found that the best bio-oil yield was 14% under the conditions of reaction temperature 300 °C, initial pressure 6Mpa and residence time 30min. However, the relative content of phenolic compounds in bio-oil was the highest at 320 °C, which is 17.46%. The relative yield of nicotine was the maximum at 280 °C, which was 9.21%. With the increased of reaction temperature, the nicotine content gradually reduced. The addition of HCl could completely decompose nicotine, so that the relative yield of phenolic compounds increased to 24.01% in bio-oil, and valeric acid could be found in bio-oil. Through the investigation of HTL of TS, it was found that TS have a wide application prospect in the preparation of high-value nitrogen-containing compounds and phenolic compounds.

Online small-object anti-fringe sorting of tobacco stem impurities based on hyperspectral superpixels

The use of tobacco stems as raw material for cigarettes reduces cost and improves the flammability of cigarettes. However, various impurities, such as plastic, reduce the purity of tobacco stems, degrade the quality of cigarettes, and endanger the health of smokers. Therefore, the correct classification of tobacco stems and impurities is crucial. This study proposes a method based on hyperspectral image superpixels and the use of light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) classifier to categorize tobacco stems and impurities. First, the hyperspectral image is segmented using superpixels. Second, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix extracts the texture features of superpixels. Subsequently, an improved LightGBM is applied and trained with the spectral and textural features of superpixels as a classification model. Several experiments were implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the classification performance based on superpixels is better than that based on single-pixel points. The classification model based on superpixels (10 × 10 px) achieved the highest impurity recognition rate (93.8%). This algorithm has already been applied to industrial production in cigarette factories. It exhibits considerable potential in overcoming the influence of interference fringes to promote the intelligent industrial application of hyperspectral imaging.

Comprehensive investigation on the slow pyrolysis product characteristics of waste tobacco stem: Pyrolysis reaction mechanism and conversion mechanism of N

The resource utilization of waste tobacco stem (WTS) is attractive but challenge for China. Slow pyrolysis is an effective method for agricultural waste while the pyrolysis performance and mechanism of WTS is still unclear. In this work, WTS was pyrolyzed at 400–800 °C. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), N2-BET method, and Raman spectrometer were used to characterize the pyrolysis products. The reaction mechanism of WTS slow pyrolysis and the reaction pathways of N conversion during WTS slow pyrolysis were proposed. The results showed that the increase in temperature reduced the biochar productivity and raised the gas product productivity, with the highest bio-oil productivity at 600 °C, which was 37.22% of the total yield. Bio-oil was mainly composed of phenols, alcohols, acids and nitrogenous compounds, the components were mainly acetic acid (average 21.18%), 1,2-ethanediol (average 9.24%) and pyridines (average 14.03%). The pyrolysis of WTS mainly contains the degradation of biomass macromolecules to small molecules (1,6-dehydroglucose, ketones, furans, etc.), re-cracking of small molecules, isomerization, dehydration, alkylation, and self-condensation. The nitrogen-containing intermediates produced by pyrolysis of amino acids, cellulose and hemicellulose, were transformed to pyrroles, pyridines and pyrimidines by condensation and recombination reactions. This research established a theoretical foundation towards the efficient utilization WTS.

Hydrothermal pretreatment for the production of prebiotic oligosaccharides from tobacco stem

Tobacco stem is an abundant and inexpensive renewable source to produce prebiotics by circular economy. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatments were evaluated on the release of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and cello-oligosaccharides (COS) from the tobacco stem by a central composite rotational design associated with response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of temperature (161.72 to 218.3 °C) and solid load (SL) (2.93 to 17.07%). XOS were the main compounds released to the liquor. Desirability function was performed to maximize the production of XOS and minimize the effects of release of monosaccharides and degradation compounds. The result indicated yield of 96% w[XOS]/w[xylan] for 190 °C-2.93% SL. The highest value for COS and total oligomers content (COS + XOS) was 6.42 g/L and 17.7 g/L, respectively, for 190 °C-17.07% SL. The mass balance for the best yield XOS condition predicted 132 kg of XOS (X2-X6) from 1000 kg of tobacco stem.

Preparation of cellulose nano/microfibres with ultra-high aspect ratios from tobacco stem using soda-oxygen delignification and ultrasonication

Preparation of cellulose nano/microfibres with ultra-high aspect ratios from tobacco stem using soda-oxygen delignification and ultrasonication

Penggunaan Material Komposit Berbahan Dasar Serat Batang Tembakau dan Serat Batang Tumbuhan Kenaf dalam Meredam Kebisingan

Natural fiber reinforced composites are widely applied to equipment with materials that have a combination of two basic properties, namely strength and lightness. This study aims to determine the optimum ability of kenaf stem fiber and tobacco stem fiber which contain relatively high cellulose to be used as soundproofing materials and also to utilize tobacco stems which were originally considered as agricultural waste to become a more useful raw material. Comparison of stem fiber ratio kenaf and tobacco stem fiber 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 0:100. From the research results obtained, the composite exhaust produces the smallest sound, namely 81.6 dBA at a fiber ratio variation of 60:40 at 1500 RPM and produces the biggest sound, namely 99.1 dBA at a fiber ratio variation of 0:100 at RPM 3500. Results it can be said that the damping of the composite exhaust is quite good because it is not too far from the quality standard threshold of 83 dBA. The ability of kenaf stem fiber to reduce noise is better than that of tobacco stem fiber because the cellulose content in kenaf stem fiber (by 50%) is higher than that of tobacco stem fiber (by 37%).

A feruloyl esterase/cellulase integrated biological system for high-efficiency and toxic-chemical free isolation of tobacco based cellulose nanofibers

Tobacco based cellulose nanofiber (TCNF) is a novel nanocellulose that has recently been used to replace undesirable wood pulp fibers in the preparation of reconstructed tobacco sheets (RTS). However, given the strict requirements for controlling toxic chemical content in tobacco products, there is a global interest in developing a green, efficient, and toxic-chemical free approach to isolate TCNF from tobacco stem as a bioresource. In this study, we propose a creative and environmentally friendly method to efficiently and safely isolate TCNF from tobacco stem pulp, which involves integrated biological pretreatment followed by a facile mechanical defibrillation process. Feruloyl esterase is used to pretreat the stem pulp by disrupting the ether and ester bonds between lignin and polysaccharide carbohydrates within the fiber wall, which effectively facilitates cellulase hydrolysis and swelling of the stem pulp fiber, as well as the following mechanical shearing treatment for TCNF isolation. The results demonstrate that TCNF obtained by the comprehensive feruloyl esterase/cellulase/mechanical process exhibit uniform and well-dispersed nanofiber morphology, higher crystallinity, and stronger mechanical properties than those of the control. The addition of 0.5 % TCNF can replace wood pulp by 18 wt% ~ 25 wt% in the production of RTS samples while maintaining their reasonable strength properties.

Microwave heating of biomass waste residues for sustainable bioenergy and biomass materials preparation: A parametric simulation study

Sustainable bioenergy and biomass materials preparation from biomass waste residues using microwave heating has attracted widespread attention. However, the microwave heating process still has limitations of uneven temperature distribution and low energy conversion efficiency. This study constructed a coupled electromagnetic and heat transfer model for the microwave heating of waste tobacco stem (TS) biomass using COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The microwave heating behavior of TS biomass was predicted using the finite element method for different parameters, and this model has been experimentally verified to be dependable with a maximum relative error of less than 10%. Simulation results show that hot spots caused by interface polarization and standing waves generate inhomogeneous temperature distributions. The microwave cavity design with two waveguides and controlled frequency changes can improve microwave energy absorption and heating uniformity. A suitable microwave power can improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption during heating. Meanwhile, the TS biomass with 30% moisture content and in the cavity's low region (0–10 cm) can make maximum use of microwave energy, and the average and maximum energy efficiency achieve 59.15% and 87.79%, respectively. The results provide technical support and new perspectives for preparing sustainable bioenergy and biomass materials from waste TS biomass via microwave irradiation.

Bacillus cereus WL08 immobilized on tobacco stem charcoal eliminates butylated hydroxytoluene in soils and alleviates the continuous cropping obstacle of Pinellia ternata

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), as an emerging contaminant in ecosystems, has potential influences on animals, aquatic organisms, and public health, and has been proven to be a major allelochemical of Pinellia ternata. In this study, Bacillus cereus WL08 was used to rapidly degrade BHT in liquid culture. Strain WL08 immobilized on tobacco stem charcoal (TSC) particles notably accelerated BHT removal in contract to its free cells, and exhibited excellent reutilization and storage capacities. The optimal removal parameters of TSC WL08 were ascertained to be pH 7.0, 30 °C, 50 mg L−1 BHT and 0.14 mg L−1 TSC WL08. Moreover, TSC WL08 significantly accelerated the degradation of 50 mg L−1 BHT in sterile and non-sterile soils compared to that of free WL08 or natural dissipation, and notably shortened their half-lives by 2.47- or 362.14- fold, and 2.20- or 14.99- fold, respectively. Simultaneously, TSC WL08 was introduced into the continuous cropping soils of P. ternata, which accelerated the elimination of allelochemical BHT, and notably enhanced the photosynthesis, growth, yield, and quality of P. ternata. This study provides new insights and strategies for the rapid in situ remediation of BHT-polluted soils and effective alleviation of P. ternata cropping obstacles.