Tobacco Pouch Research Articles

Oral Health Status of School-Going Children Aged 12-15 Years in Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu- A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction and Aim: Oral health can have dire consequences on the physiological and psychosocial aspects of a child’s well-being. The prevalence of oral diseases among children varies with region and population subgroups. It is necessary to assess the oral health of children as this epidemiological data will serve as the foundation for developing appropriate preventive and treatment strategies. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the oral health status of school going children aged 12-15 years in Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, India. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted among 842 children aged 12-15 years who were chosen following a multistage random sampling technique. The oral health status of the children was assessed using Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified (OHI-S), Loe and Silness' Gingival Index (GI), Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) index in permanent teeth, and the presence or absence of fluorosis & oral premalignant lesions (OPML). The recorded data was then subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of gingivitis in the population was 53.4%. The highest mean DMFT was seen among males aged 12-13 years (3.20 +/- 3.102) and the least mean DMFT was seen among females aged 14-15 years (2.76 +/-2.67). 1.3% of the population had tobacco pouch keratosis and 10.8% of the population exhibited dental fluorosis. Conclusion: This study has established that the children of Tiruvallur exhibit poor oral health status. Data from this study can serve as a valuable contributor to the development of oral health initiatives with the ultimate goal being improvement in oral health.

Exploring the cessation efficacy and harm reduction potential of heated tobacco and nicotine pouch products in smokers and smokeless tobacco users: study protocol of a 6-month randomized controlled switching trial

Background: Despite decades of research on pharmacological and behavioural smoking cessation treatments, current quit aids are of limited success. The introduction of new, combustion-free nicotine and tobacco products extended the tool kit for people who smoke to switch away from their risky habit. We performed a systematic review including 120 studies resulting in several recommendations for a robust study design to determine the cessation efficacy of a new nicotine or tobacco product. Consequently, we prepared this study protocol to assess the cessation efficacy of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and nicotine pouches (NPs). Methods: 250 subjects (125 exclusive smokers and 125 exclusive smokeless tobacco (SLT) users) will be recruited and offered a choice of HTPs in case of smokers and a choice of NPs in case of SLT users in order to switch. Subjects will undergo four visits (baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months) to collect biospecimens and for physical examinations. Use behaviour and questionnaires will be monitored on a regular basis by means of a smartphone-app. We describe a sensitive and specific compliance monitoring using suitable biomarkers of exposure. The sample size of 250 subjects and duration of 6 months will allow the quit rates to be assessed with sufficient statistical power. Finally, the choice between different products shall reflect the individuals’ preferences. Conclusions: This protocol can be applied generically, providing a robust determination of a products’ cessation efficacy. Trial Registration: The trial will be registered in the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

Clinical Profile and Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Tobacco Users-A Prospective Study from Jammu, India.

To evaluate the incidence of tobacco-related oral mucosal lesions in the adult population visiting ENT-OPD at Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh Hospital, GMC Jammu, India. From December 2021 to November 2022 we attempted to compile the prevalence of tobacco-induced oral mucosal lesions in the adult population visiting ENT-OPD at Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh Hospital Jammu, India. The study included a total of 400 patients of various age groups. The patients were divided as current users with a habit of tobacco consumption for atleast 6months and ex-users who had used any form of tobacco in their lifetime for a minimum of 6months but had abstained the use since last 1year. Age group, gender, employment, type of tobacco use, site of placement of tobacco in the oral cavity, frequency and duration of use, and the types of mucosal lesions were all documented on a standardized interviewer-based questionnaire.The oral mucosal lesions were diagnosed in accordance with international recommendations. Males (55%) had somewhat more oral mucosal lesions than females (45%). Oral submucous fibrosis was found in 110 individuals, followed by leukoplakia in 102, erythroplakia in 14, tobacco pouch keratosis in 81, tobacco induced melanosis in 82 patients and malignancy in 11 patients. 107 conventional smokers (26.75%), 254 patients using smokeless tobacco (63.5%) and 39 patients using combined form of tobacco (9.75%) showed oral mucosal lesions. The most prevalent site of lesions was the labial comissure, which showed 117 lesions (29.25%), followed by 114 lesions on the buccal mucosa (28.5%), and 99 lesions (24.75%) on buccal sulcus. Gingiva showed 41 lesions (10.25%), tongue had 15 entities (3.75%) and palate had 14 (3.5%). The most frequent oral mucosal lesion was shown to be oral submucous fibrosis, followed by leukoplakia. Smokeless tobacco was the most commonly used tobacco product. This study emphasizes the need of routine evaluation of the oral mucosa and the need for patients to be urged to stop this hazardous behavior.

Estimation Of Salivary Copper In Smokeless Tobacco Users With Oral Premaligancies And Malignancies: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: The estimation of serum bioelements for the identification of oral premalignant and malignant lesions has been extensively studied. Higher amounts of copper have been found in all smoking and Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) products, which are responsible for the higher incidence of premalignant and malignant lesions in the oral cavity. Limited studies have shown the significance and role of salivary bioelements in premalignant lesions, such as Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) and oral leukoplakia, and malignant lesions like Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity. Aim: To estimate salivary copper levels in premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: The preent cross-sectional study was undertaken in Tagore Dental College and Hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India for a period of 6 months, from March 2022 to August 2022. A total of 50 patients were recruited and divided into five groups of 10 patients each: Group I- control group; Group II- SLT chewing habit without any oral lesion; Group III10 patients with Tobacco Pouch Keratosis (TPK); Group IV- 10 patients with OSMF; and Group V- 10 patients with oral SCC. About 5 mL of salivary samples were collected and centrifuged at 3000 rpm to obtain the supernatant saliva for analysis. The levels of copper were estimated using photo calorimetry. Statistical analysis was done using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by a Post-hoc test. Results: A total of 50 patients with a mean age of 40±20 years were included in present study, comprising 46% females and 54% males. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.05) between the mean salivary copper levels in the premalignant lesions of the oral cavity. Within the premalignant group, copper levels were found to be more in OSMF (Group IV: 296.64±56.08) compared to the other groups (Group II: 202.95±125.14; Group III: 229.25±73.35). In the oral cancer patients, no significant difference (p-value=0.174; not less than 0.001) obtained in salivary copper levels. Conclusion: Compared to the control group, salivary copper levels were significantly higher in cases of OSMF, followed by cases of TPK and non lesional cases.

Prevalence of Taste Changes among Tobacco Users in Patients Visiting Dental Hospital – A Comparative Cross-sectional Study

Background: Impaired taste perception has impact on quality of life; Tobacco being an important contributing factor. Aim: To understand the impact of using tobacco on gustation among patients with habit of tobacco. Method: A total of 60 subjects enrolled divided into 3 groups (group 1): Habit of using tobacco without lesions; Group II: Patients with habit of using tobacco with tobacco associated lesions like leukoplakia, OSMF, oral cancer, tobacco pouch keratosis; Group III: Healthy individuals. Taste identification time using four aqueous solutions of basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, and bitter – was recorded (in seconds) and compared among three groups. The data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and analysis of variance using SPSS 20 version software. Results: Results revealed 40% of patients with tobacco habits had significant alteration in taste with sour taste identified as salt in tobacco users. Sweet taste identification took longer time followed by salt, bitter and sour in Group 2 patients with statistical highly significant difference (P=.001) between Group 1 and Group 2 when compared to control group (Group 3) for all the taste. Conclusion: Hence there exists a definite alteration of taste with greater time taken in identifying a particular taste in tobacco users.

Comparative Analysis of Dentition and Periodontal Status in Patients With Unilateral Smokeless Tobacco Pouch Keratosis.

The consumption of smokeless tobacco (SLT) and related products has become an epidemic worldwide, especially among young people, as they come into direct contact with the tissues of the oral cavity. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the status of dentition and periodontal health of teeth associated with the unilateral SLT pouch keratosis with the unaffected contralateral side. In this study, 96 SLT users from north Maharashtra, India, with unilateral SLT pouch keratosis were studied. Demographic data, past and present SLT use history, features of SLT pouch keratosis, modified community periodontal index, dentition status index, and loss of tooth attachment were recorded. Data were collected and subjected to statistical analysis using the unpaired t-test and chi-square test. The results of the present study showed a significant difference (p≤0.05) in gingival bleeding, pocket depth, and attachment loss in teeth associated with smokeless tobacco keratosis (STK) compared to teeth at the contralateral sides of the arch. The duration of tobacco use had a significant effect on the severity of loss of attachment at SLT pouch keratosis sides. There was a significant difference (p≤0.05) in the mean scores of the sound crown, carious crown, and coronal caries status between the SLT pouch keratosis side and the contralateral side. The results of the study revealed that significant gingival bleeding, gingival recession, and attachment loss in the teeth are associated with SLT pouch keratosis compared with the teeth on the contralateral side without the lesion.

Unraveling telangiectatic granuloma: A case report of an enigmatic oral lesion in the posterior mandibular region

Telangiectatic granuloma is a benign vascular lesion commonly found in the oral cavity. This case report presents the clinical and histopathological features of a patient with a telangiectatic granuloma in the lower right back region of the jaw. The patient presented with complaints of swelling, pain, and difficulty in swallowing. The lesion was associated with tobacco pouch keratosis and chronic periodontitis. The patient's medical and dental history, as well as the examination findings, including radiographic evaluation, are described. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the specimen was sent for histopathological analysis. The diagnosis was confirmed as telangiectatic granuloma based on the clinico-pathologic correlation. The patient was advised to discontinue tobacco use, received oral hygiene instructions, and underwent periodontal treatment. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing and managing oral lesions associated with tobacco use and emphasizes the need for patient education and follow-up.

Tobacco purchasing in Australia during regular tax increases: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project

ObjectiveWe examined Australian tobacco purchasing trends, the average self-reported price paid within each purchase type and the association between type of tobacco product purchased and participant characteristics, including quit intentions,...

To Evaluate the Level of Awareness of Patients About Existing Oral Precancerous Lesions: A Longitudinal Study.

The prevalence of oral cancer and other oral premalignant diseases (OPMDs) is increasing. Particularly among lower socioeconomic countries, awareness with respect to oral cancer is quite poor. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the level of awareness of patients about existing oral precancerous lesions. Fifty people with existing oral precancerous lesions whose diagnosis was confirmed by a clinician's examination were included in this research. Questions were asked of patients to fill out a questionnaire; those with cancer, non-precancerous red or white lesions, or no lesions in the mouth were not included. Questions on demographics, precancer knowledge, precancer information sources, and tobacco/betel chewing, smoking, and alcohol use were included in the survey. Informed by prior research and knowledge of precancerous lesions and circumstances, a closed-ended questionnaire was developed. The study found that just 44 percent of participants were aware that they had oral lesions or diseases. Self-examination was the most common method (81.82%), followed by inquiring with friends and family (9.09%) and medical professionals (9%). Most patients (41.67 percent) learn about oral precancers via the media, followed by posters and banners (33.33%), friends and family (12.5%), other sources (8.33%), and physicians (4.17%). About half of the patients with oral precancers chewed tobacco for 11 years on average, doing so 4-5 times a day. Another 38% smoked and drank alcohol, also at 4-5 times a day. Oral lichen planus (16%), Oral Submucous fibrosis (12%), and Erythroplakia (12%) were shown to be the next most common oral lesions after tobacco pouch keratosis (30%) and leukoplakia (30%). Research indicates that few people are aware of the existence of oral precancerous lesions or diseases. Patients' awareness of oral precancerous lesions/conditions was shown to be significantly influenced by media such as television, radio, posters, and banners.

Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions among Tobacco Consumers: Cross-Sectional Study.

Different lesions of mucosa can arise in people with a habit of tobacco usage. An assessment of prevalence of such lesions among tobacco consumers was done through this study. A total of 1000 persons were included in this cross-sectional survey. Individuals with a habit of tobacco usage in any form were included in the study. Demographic data were recorded for each study participant. Furthermore, all the participants were examined for associated oral lesions through toluene blue staining method. Types of tobacco consumption reported were for bidi, cigarette, hookah, gutkha, zarda, pan masala, and supari. Different types of associated lesions that were observed included tobacco pouch keratosis, leukoplakia, smoker's melanosis, erythroplakia, erythroleukoplakia, squamous cell carcinoma, sub-mucous fibrosis, and lichen planus in descending order. The oral sites involved were buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, floor of the mouth, gingiva, palate, and tongue in descending order. Various types of oral lesions can arise due to tobacco usage in different forms. The most common change observed is pouch keratosis in chewers and leukoplakia in smokers.

How has Expenditure on Nicotine Products Changed in a Fast-Evolving Marketplace? A Representative Population Survey in England, 2018-2022.

In the last 5 years, there has been a dramatic shift in the types of nicotine products being purchased. This study aimed to estimate how much users spend on types of cigarettes and alternative nicotine products (e-cigarettes, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), heated tobacco, and nicotine pouches) and describe changes between 2018 and 2022. Monthly representative cross-sectional survey in England. 10 323 adults who smoked cigarettes or used alternative nicotine reported their average weekly expenditure on these products, adjusted for inflation. Smokers spent £20.49 [95% CI = 20.09-20.91] on cigarettes each week (£27.66 [26.84-28.50] and £15.96 [15.49-16.28] among those who mainly smoked manufactured and hand-rolled cigarettes, respectively), e-cigarette users spent £6.30 [5.99-6.55] (£8.41 [7.17-9.78], £6.42 [5.58-7.39], and £5.93 [5.64-6.30] among those who mainly used disposable, pod, and refillable devices, respectively), NRT users £6.11 [5.53-6.69], and heated tobacco users £13.87 [9.58-20.09]. Expenditure on cigarettes grew by 10% from September 2018 to July 2020, then fell by 10% from July 2020 to June 2022. These changes coincided with a 13% reduction in cigarette consumption and a 14% increase in the proportion mainly smoking hand-rolled cigarettes. Expenditure on e-cigarettes was stable between 2018 and late 2020, then rose by 31% up to mid-2022. Expenditure on NRT increased slowly in 2018-2020 (+4%) and more quickly thereafter (+20%). Inflation-adjusted expenditure on cigarettes has fallen since 2020, such that the average smoker in England currently spends the same on cigarettes each week as in 2018. This has been achieved by smoking fewer cigarettes and switching to cheaper hand-rolled cigarettes. Expenditure on alternative nicotine has increased above inflation; users spent around a third more on these products in 2022 than between 2018-2020. People in England continue to spend substantially more on smoking cigarettes than using alternative nicotine products. The average smoker in England spends around £13 a week (~£670 a year) more than people using only e-cigarettes or NRT. The average expenditure on manufactured cigarettes is double that of hand-rolled cigarettes.

Patterns and distribution of tobacco use and its association with oral precancerous lesions among the tribes of Odisha

ABSTRACT Background Both smoked and smokeless tobaccos play crucial roles in forming potentially malignant oral disorders. Studies are scant in India, particularly among vulnerable tribal populations. Odisha, with the highest number of tribes in India, stands at the top in smokeless tobacco use among major states. The present study explores tobacco use status among Indian tribes by evaluating the OPMD risks. . Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among the tribal populations in Odisha. Data was collected pertaining to sociodemographic profile, tobacco use and prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scale was used to evaluate tobacco dependency.. Results The findings revealed that 75.2% of people are tobacco consumers. Half of the studied population consumes Dukuta and Khaini. Maximum people, including 54.2% of youth, fall in the high nicotine dependence category. Additionally, 45.2% of the participants reported mouth lesions, and 27.1% with potentially malignant disorders (PMD). The incidence of tobacco pouches in the studied population is 22.9%, followed by 12.4% leukoplakia lesions. Conclusion A health policy for community-level intervention toward tobacco cessation and early diagnosis of previously undiagnosed OML (oral malignant lesion) and OPMD would be a positive strategy.

Assessment of Oral Lesions With Tobacco Usage: A Cross-Sectional Clinicopathological Study in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India.

Background Tobacco usage in the form of smoking or chewing has increased the risk of oralpotentiallymalignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer. These deleterious habits are also related to changes in dentition and the oral mucosa. Aim The aim of our study was to evaluate the oral changes associated with tobacco usage among residents of Sri Ganganagar. Materials and methods This study was conducted among the residents of Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India, using stratified cluster random sampling, prestructured questionnaires, and detailed oral examination. A total of 100 patients with a previous history of tobacco usage were enrolled in this study after obtaining informed consent. Age- and gender-matched controls were also evaluated to correlate the findings. Clinical details were documented, including the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, Community Periodontal Index (CPI), loss of attachment, dental findings, and oral mucosal changes. Suspicious lesions were stained with toluidine blue, and a biopsy was performed for histopathological evaluation. The tabulated results were statistically analyzed using theStatistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY, USA)for significance. Results Attrition, abrasion, and erosion of teeth were more frequent in tobacco users than in controls. Smoker's palate, tobacco pouch keratosis, and leukoplakia were commonly noted mucosal lesions. The mean values of the parameters of the DMFT score (3.560), CPI score (2.190), and loss of attachment score (0.542) were higher among tobacco users, and it was statistically significant (P value < 0.05). Out of 100 patients, 17 had suspicious lesions. It included seven cases of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), two cases of tobacco pouch keratosis, and eight cases of leukoplakia. Toluidine blue staining and biopsy were performed. Histopathological examination of suspicious lesions revealed hyperkeratosis, various grades of epithelial dysplasia, and differing inflammatory responses. Out of 17 biopsied cases, there were two cases of hyperkeratosis with severe epithelial dysplasia, four cases of hyperkeratosis with moderate epithelial dysplasia, two cases of hyperkeratosis with mild dysplasia, two cases of superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma, five cases of advanced OSMF, and two cases of moderately advanced OSMF. Conclusion Tobacco usage produces visible changes in dentition and latent alterations in the oral mucosa. Suspicious lesions should always be referred for histopathological examination to identify oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancerso that prompt treatment could be initiated. Patient education is mandatory to avoid the usage of tobacco in any form.

Assessment of oral health status amongst the Sevayats of Shree Jagannath Temple, Puri, Odisha: A cross sectional study.

To assess the oral health status amongst the Sevayats of Shree Jagannath temple, Puri, Odisha. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the oral health status among 488 Sevayats of Shree Jagannath Temple, Puri, using a simple random sampling technique. Data were obtained by utilizing the WHO oral health assessment form for adults-2013. The documented data were assembled, entered into an MS Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 26. The statistical tests applied for the analysis were one-way analysis of variance and the Chi-square test. The P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The majority of the participants, around 30.3%, had an educational qualification of higher secondary, followed by high school, 26.2%. A total of 84.4% of participants cleaned their teeth with a toothbrush. Around 48.0% of participants were consuming paan and 11.7% were gutkha. The majority, 77.8% of the participants had periodontal pockets, and 79.09% of them had 4-5 mm of periodontal loss of attachment. The mean DMFT of all the participants was 5.23 ± 4.71. In the 25-44 and 45-60 years of age groups, 34.2% and 31.4% of the participants had tobacco pouch keratosis. About 72% of the subjects had bleeding gums. There was a higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease among the subjects. The majority of the servitors who had a history of consuming paan were diagnosed with oral mucosal lesions.

Assessment of DNA Ploidy in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders Using a VELscope

Introduction: The device VELscope (Visually enhanced lesion scope) is intended as an aid to the clinician to complement a conventional white light exam (whether it be a general oral cavity examination or examination of a particular lesion) to detect abnormal tissue that might have otherwise been overlooked. In this study, it was used concomitantly with ploidy status to evaluate the malignancy potential of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD). Aim: To evaluate potential of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) ploidy as a preliminary adjunct to oral biopsy to identify patients with aneuploidy for the necessity of biopsy, and to assess the sensitivity of VELscope in the determination of accurate clinical parameters of the lesions in the oral mucosa. Materials and Methods: This in-vivo cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune from February 2020 to February 2021. Clinically diagnosed OPMD were included in the study, after verification of clinical extension boundaries by VELscope. DNA ploidy status was evaluated with DNA image cytometry and exclusive individuals with aneuploidy were biopsied followed by histopathological evaluation and surgical removal of the lesion. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the mean in 4 study groups [Oral leukoplakia, Oral submucous fibrosis, Oral lichen planus and Tobacco pouch keratosis] vs control. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative positive value was calculated by using the ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) analysis. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered as significant for evaluating sensitivity of VELscope and evaluation of ploidy status. Results: The study included patients whose mean age was 45.8 years. The groups had tobacco habits in one of the various forms [smoke or smokeless] both in experimental and control group. VELscope could identify the clinical borders of the OPMDs considered via the loss of autofluorescence. Lesion borders were identified precisely with the loss of autofluorescence. It was quite helpful especially in aneuploid cases where the whole margin could be removed leaving no genetically aberrant cells behind. Oral submucous fibrosis was concluded to have maximal sensitivity of 86.7%, 100% in specificity and positive predictive and 88.2% negative predictive value. Conclusion: DNA ploidy could decipher the malignancy potential and could identify the individuals who needed biopsy. VELscope was able to mark the clinical diameters which were not visible to naked eyes clinically. Oral submucous fibrosis was found to be group with the maximum potential of malignancy followed by Oral Lichen Planus, Oral Leukoplakia and Tobacco Pouch Keratosis.

Assessment of brush biopsy findings and salivary LDH levels in oral mucosal lesions of tobacco users.

The oral brush cytology is an alternative method developed to improve the efficacy of conventional cytology in oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which is a cytoplasmic enzyme has been widely used as a marker for diagnosing various diseases. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the brush biopsy findings and salivary LDH levels for the early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity. Patients with deleterious habits including tobacco-related lesions such as leukoplakia, tobacco pouch keratosis, and oral cancer were included in the study. For each patient, saliva sample was collected, brush biopsy was done and smears were prepared. Collected saliva samples were analysed for salivary LDH levels and prepared smears were analysed for dysplastic changes and statistical analysis was performed. Out of 80 samples, 30 were leukoplakia, 45 were tobacco pouch keratosis and 5 were oral cancer, and 13 samples showed positive dysplastic changes, 26 samples showed atypical dysplastic changes and 41 samples showed no signs of dysplastic changes and concluded as negative. On comparing the results of brush biopsy findings and salivary LDH levels, the mean salivary LDH value for positive dysplasia was elevated and the P value was statistically significant (P value: 0.00). Brush biopsy showed good potential in detecting premalignant lesions and salivary LDH levels showed a marked increase which can be used as a diagnostic biomarker and serve as a potent diagnostic aid for early detection of malignancy.

New Orleans Coffee in The Awakening: The Legacy of Rose Nicaud

New Orleans Coffee in <i>The Awakening</i>: The Legacy of Rose Nicaud

Prevalence of Mucosal Lesions in People Consuming Chewable Tobacco in Hormozgan Province, Iran

Background: Tobacco has a high level of carcinogenic components. The maximum effect of the component is on the oral cavity and the location of tobacco. Quantitative studies were conducted according to the oral effect of tobacco usage by people of the south of Iran, specifically in Hormozgan province. In this experiment, the prevalence of oral lesions was studied in people who use tobacco in Hormozgan province in 2018. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 395 patients were examined on oral lesions in Hormozgan province. Data were collected and described by a mean frequency table and then analyzed by an inferential statistical test such as the 2-dimensional chi-square test by SPSS, version 23 (P&lt;0.05). Results: Experiments showed that 75.5% (299 from 395) of patients had mucosal lesions. The most lesions were tobacco pouch, wound, white plaque, and erythematic lesions. In addition, a significant correlation was found among parameters, including all mucosal lesions with time, all mucosal lesions with age (except wound), white plaque and erythematic mucosal lesions with smoking, tobacco pouch, and white plaque with alcohol use. However, no significant correlation was observed between oral mucosal lesions with a history of family oral lesions, tobacco pouch and wound with cigarette usage, and wound and erythematic lesions with alcohol use. Conclusion: Compared with other studies, oral mucosal lesions were highly prevalent in Hormozgan province. The possibility of oral mucosal lesions increases as one gets older; in addition, the duration of tobacco usage is a primary factor for the lesions.

Prevalence of Oral mucosal lesion in patients with Tobacco related habits among Chidambaram population – A Cross-sectional study

Introduction: Tobacco has been traditionally used in many parts of India which was known to be associated with many oral mucosal lesions which has higher chance for morbidity and mortality. A cross sectional study was conducted in Chidambaram population to find the prevalence of oral mucosal lesion in association with tobacco and alcohol related habits. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 2246 participants from in and around Chidambaram who attended the outpatient department, during the period of 2months (December 2019 to January 2020). Data collected using questionnaire adapted from global adult tobacco survey questionnaire followed by oral examination. Result: Among the 2246, 161 participants has the habit of using smoking, chewing tobacco and alcohol consumption. This study has the predominance of participants who have combination habits such as smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption. Among the participants with oral mucosal lesion leukoplakia has higher predominance followed by tobacco pouch keratosis and smoker’s palate. Most of the lesions were present in the buccal mucosa. Conclusion: Prevalence of premalignant lesions in association with adverse habits was significant in our study. This shows necessity for early diagnosis and Awareness should be created to the public through anti-tobacco campaign by the government and private agencies. Tobacco cessation clinics should be opened in all primary health care centre and more knowledge should be created about premalignant lesion to prevent the morbidity and mortality rate.

Prevalence of tobacco-associated oral mucosal lesion in Hazaribagh population: A cross-sectional study.

Smoking and chewing tobacco carry significant risks for the development of oral cancer and premalignant lesions. The present study was conducted to find the prevalence of tobacco-related habits in Hazaribagh population and its association with oral mucosal lesion. The present study was carried out on patients who visited the Department of Oral Medicine And Radiology, Hazaribagh College of Dental Sciences And Hospital. A total of 5,000 subjects were screened for tobacco-related habits and associated mucosal changes. Detailed clinical history about tobacco-related habits was obtained. Oral mucosal lesions were screened using the WHO format for diagnosis of oral lesions. The findings were tabulated and analyzed statistically. Of the 5,000 subjects enrolled for the study, 1,085 (21.7%) used tobacco in some forms. Habit of smoking tobacco was present among 273 (25.2%) and using smokeless tobacco among 811 (74.7%) individuals. Tobacco pouch keratosis (46.1%) was found to be most common lesion, followed by oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) (16.1%), lichenoid reaction (14.1%), smokers palate/melanosis (12.2%), leukoplakia (7.2%), erythroplakia (2.3%), and oral cancer in (2%). The results provide insight into prevalent tobacco habits and associated oral mucosal lesions in Hazaribagh population. These may act as baseline data for the formulation of preventive programs and help future studies explore the prevalence of tobacco-associated lesions in vulnerable populations. Current knowledge, including findings from the present study, about the prevalence of tobacco use and various oral lesions associated with it may help primary health care physicians to promote among patients visiting them the awareness about the adverse effects of tobacco consumption and treatment options available for tobacco-related lesions at the early stage.