Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus Research Articles

Gaining replicability in a nonhost compromises the silencing suppression activity of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus in a host.

Natural isolates of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) fail to infect tomato because the tomato tm-1 protein binds to the replication proteins of TMGMV and prevents RNA replication. Previously, we isolated a TMGMV mutant that overcomes tm-1-mediated resistance and multiplies in tomato plants. Here, we show that the causal mutations in the replication protein gene that abolish the interaction with tm-1 reduce its ability to suppress RNA silencing in host plant Nicotiana benthamiana. The results suggest that the multifunctionality of the replication proteins is an evolutionary constraint of tobamoviruses that restricts their host ranges.

Tobacco mild green mosaic virus in Impatiens and Osteospermum: new hosts and first report in the UK

In May 2007 two samples of impatiens ( Impatiens sp . ) (cv. Timor and Totoya) exhibiting possible virus symptoms were received from a nursery in the south of England.Symptoms included stunting, distorted leaves, necrotic lesions and a paler…

Studies on the Tm-1 gene of tomato and host specificity of tobamoviruses

Tm-1 is a semidominant resistance gene of tomato to the tobamovirus Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). Tm-1 was introgressed from a wild tomato species, Solanum habrochaites, and has been used to protect tomato plants from ToMV infection (Pelham 1966). Tm-1 inhibits the multiplication of ToMV within protoplasts (Motoyoshi and Oshima 1977), is overcome by ToMV mutants that have amino acid substitutions in the replication proteins (Meshi et al. 1988; Hamamoto et al. 1997), and does not elicit a hypersensitive reaction (Yamafuji et al. 1991). The gene still needed to be identified; however, positional cloning has been hampered by the extremely low frequency of recombination around the Tm-1 locus (Ohmori et al. 1996). In this study, I identified the Tm-1 gene product through a biochemical approach (Ishibashi et al. 2007). I also found that a recessive, ToMV-susceptible allele of Tm-1 encoded a functional inhibitor of RNA replication of other tobamoviruses, Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), which cannot infect tomato (Ishibashi et al. 2009). Identification of the Tm-1 gene

First report of scratched-like necrosis on Capsicum sp. caused by Tobacco mild green mosaic virus in Japan and infection cycle

First report of scratched-like necrosis on Capsicum sp. caused by Tobacco mild green mosaic virus in Japan and infection cycle

First Report on Tobacco mild green mosaic virus in Calibrachoa Plants (Calibrachoa × hybrida) in Mississippi.

Six calibrachoa plants displaying reduced growth, general chlorosis, and blistering on the foliage were purchased from a retail store in Starkville, MS in 2007 and tested for possible virus infections. Transmission electron microscope observations of leaf-dip preparations revealed the presence of rigid rod virions reminiscent of tobamoviruses in all samples. The virus was easily mechanically transmissible and induced systemic mosaic/mottling/necrosis symptoms in inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana, N. tabacum cvs. Xanthi and Turkish, N. rustica, N. clevelandii, and N. glutinosa plants as well as in pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Sweet banana). In double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA tests, the virus reacted slightly with antibodies to Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus (Agdia Inc, Elkhart, IN) indicating a serological relationship with these two viruses. Final identification of the virus was done by cloning and sequencing a 450-bp-long portion of the viral genome spanning the carboxy terminus of the viral coat protein and 3' noncoding region from one of the original sources. Analyses showed that the virus in diseased calibrachoas is an isolate of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) and shared 96 to 97% nucleotide identity with sequences of TMGMVCPR-18 (1) (Accession No. AF132908) and several other isolates of this virus available in GenBank. Furthermore, TMGMV was ascertained in all six calibrachoa in reverse transcription-PCR tests using virus-specific primers designed on the generated genomic region. To our knowledge, TMGMV has not been previously reported from calibrachoa plants or from Mississippi in general. In addition, our results stress the importance of the retail industry in the dissemination of viruses on the regional/national scale. Reference: (1) S. Bodaghi et al. J. Gen. Virol. 81:577, 2000.

First report of Pepper mild mottle virus and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus infecting pepper in Panama

First report of <i>Pepper mild mottle virus </i>and <i>Tobacco mild green mosaic virus </i>infecting pepper in Panama

First Report of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus Infecting Capsicum annuum in Tunisia.

During the springs of 2007 and 2008, leaf deformations as well as symptoms of mild green and chlorotic mosaic were observed on pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants grown in Monastir (northwest Tunisia) and Kebili (southeast Tunisia). With the support of projects A/5269/06 and A/8584/07 from the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation (AECI), symptomatic leaf samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of leaf-dip preparations. Typical tobamovirus-like particles (rigid rods ≈300 nm long) were observed in crude plant extracts. According to literature, at least six tobamoviruses infect peppers: Paprika mild mottle virus (PaMMV); Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV); Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV); Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV); Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV); and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) (1). Extracts from six symptomatic plants from Monastir and four from Kebili fields tested negative for ToMV, TMV, and PMMoV and tested positive for TMGMV by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using polyclonal antibodies specific to each virus (Loewe Biochemica GMBH, Sauerlach, Germany). To confirm the positive TMGMV results, total RNAs from 10 symptomatic plants that tested positive by ELISA were extracted and analyzed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using primers designed to specifically amplify a region of the coat protein gene (CP) of TMGMV (2). The 524-bp TMGMV-CP specific DNA fragment was amplified from all samples, but was not amplified from healthy plants or the sterile water used with negative controls. RT-PCR products were purified and directly sequenced. BLAST analysis of the obtained sequence (GenBank No. EU770626) showed 99 to 98% nucleotide identity with TMGMV isolates PAN-1, DSMZ PV-0113, TMGMV-Pt, and VZ1 (GenBank Nos. EU934035, EF469769, AM262165, and DQ460731, respectively) and less than 69% with PaMMV and PMMoV isolates (GenBank Nos. X72586 and AF103777, respectively). Two TMGMV-positive, singly, infected symptomatic pepper plants collected from Monastir and Kebili were used in mechanical transmissions to new pepper and tomato plants. Inoculated pepper plants exhibited mild chlorosis symptoms and tested positive for TMGMV only; however, inoculated tomato plants cv. Marmande were asymptomatic and tested negative as expected for TMGMV infection (1). To our knowledge, although C. annuum has been shown as a natural host for TMGMV (2), this is the first report of TMGMV in Tunisia. Reference: (1) A. A. Brunt et al. Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20th August 1996. Online publication, 1996. (2) J. Cohen et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 138:153, 2001.

Effects of Selected Herbicides on the Efficacy of Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus to Control Tropical Soda Apple (Solanum Viarum)

Abstract Experiments were initiated to determine if the tropical soda apple (TSA) biological control agent, Tobacco mild green mosaic tobamo virus (TMGMV), could be mixed with synthetic herbicides to provide effective broad-spectrum weed control. When TMGMV was mixed with 2,4-D ester or amine, metsulfuron, or hexazinone, TSA control ranged between 80 and 100%. On average, TMGMV increased TSA control by 81% as compared to these herbicides applied alone. Treatment applications were made by rubbing only three leaves, not as a broadcast application. Although this is not the optimum method for herbicide application, it does indicate the level of control the herbicide alone potentially provided relative to the herbicide/TMGMV mixture. Results indicate that the majority of TSA control was due to virus and that the herbicides mixed with TMCMV did not interfere with the virus's ability to infect TSA. Additions of organosilicone adjuvants or low rates of crop oil or nonionic adjuvants to TMGMV solutions resulted in...

우리나라 고추 바이러스 종류, 병징 및 발생 형태

전국 52개 지역에서 2002년, 2004년에서 2006년, 4년 간 고추 바이러스 이병물을 채집하여 바이러스 감염양상을 조사하였다. 감염된 바이러스 종류는 Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV), Pepper mottle virus(PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus(TMGMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV) 6종이었다. CMV, PepMoV PMMoV와 BBWV2의 발생률은 각각 29.4%, 13.6%, 14.3%, 25.6%이었다. TMGMV와 TSWV의 발생률은 1.0%로 매우 낮았다. 2002년과 2004년의 CMV 발생률은 53.3%와 34.2%로 가장 높았으나 2005년과 2006년에는 18.2%와 11.9%로 감소하였다. BBWV2의 발생률은 2002년에 1.3%, 2004년에 1.8%로 낮았으나, 2005년에 41.3%, 2006년에 58.2%로 크게 증가하였다. CMV+BBWV2의 발생률은 2002년에 0.0%, 2004년에 2.1%이었으나 2005년과 2006년에 각각 33.3%와 83.2% 증가하여 BBWV2의 단독감염과 함께 복합감염에서도 급격히 증가하였고 CMV+BBWV2+PepMoV의 삼중 복합감염률은 평균 6.4%이었다. CMV는 고추 잎에 심한 모자이크병징, BBWV2는 원형반점 병징을 일으키며, CMV와 BBWV2의 복합감염 경우에는 퇴록병징을 일으켰다. TSWV는 고추 잎과 과일에 전형적인 다중 원형반점을 일으켰다. The incidence of virus disease on peppers was investigated at the 52 areas in the whole country in 2002, 2004 to 2006. Among the six viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), infecting peppers in Korea, the incidence of CMV, PepMoV, PMMoV and BBWV2 was 29.4%, 13.6%, 14.3%, 25.6%, orderly. TMGMV and TSWV had the same low infection rate of 1.0%. The infection rate of CMV was higher as 53.3% and 34.2% in 2002 and 2004, but it was decreased to 18.2% and 11.9% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The infection rate of BBWV2 was lower as 1.3% in 2002 and 1.8% in 2004, but it was increased abruptly to 41.3% in 2005 and 58.2% in 2006. For the types of mixed infections of pepper viruses, the incidence of CMV+PepMoV was 62.6% in 2002 and 50.0% in 2004, and that of CMV+BBWV2 was increased suddenly from 33.3% in 2005 to 83.2% in 2006. The triplex infection of CMV+BBWV2+PepMoV was 6.4% in average. CMV caused severe mosaic and BBWV2 induced ring spots, and the two mixed virions caused chlorosis on the leaves of red peppers. TSWV induced the typical symptoms of multiple ring spots on the leaves and fruits of red peppers.

First Report of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus in Capsicum chinense in Venezuela

In July 2003, noticeable deformations of leaves were observed on a local variety of Capsicum chinense, also called 'Aji dulce', from a pepper plantation located in Venezuela, (Monagas State). 'Aji dulce' is a basic ingredient of the Venezuelan gastronomy with an estimated cultivated area of 2,000 ha. The seeds of this local pepper are obtained by the growers who reproduce and multiply their own seeds every year. Seeds of affected plants were sent to our laboratory, and a group of approximately 100 seeds was sown in a controlled greenhouse that belongs to the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain. Three months later, obvious curling and bubbling developed on the leaves of the plants. Extracts of symptomatic plants tested negative for Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMV), and Tobacco etch virus (TEV) by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISA) with policlonal antibodies specific to each virus (Loewe Biochemica GMBH, Sauerlach, Germany; Phyto-Diagnostics, INRA, France). Total RNA was isolated from 0.5 g of original seed sent from Venezuela and from 25 samples of leaves of plants grown in the greenhouse with an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen Sciences, Germantown, Maryland). The RNA isolated was used in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers for Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) (1) predicted to amplify a 530 bp of the coat protein region. From all samples, a RT-PCR product of the expected size was obtained and then sequenced. BLAST analysis of one sequence (GenBank Accession No. DQ460731) showed high levels of identity with TMGMV isolates, with more than 99% nucleotide identity with the DSMZ PV-112 isolate (GenBank Accession No. AJ429096). The symptomatology observed on pepper plants, the TMGMV RT-PCR assay, and the consensus of sequenced regions with TMGMV lead us to conclude that TMGMV was the causal agent of the diseased C. chinense plants. Although TMGMV has a wide plant host range occurring worldwide (1), to our knowledge, this is not only the first time TMGMV has been detected in Venezuela, but also the first report of TMGMV in C. chinense in Venezuela and the first reliable probe of the TMGMV seed transmission. Reference: (1) J. Cohen et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 138:153, 2001.

Development of Single-tube Multiplex Immunocapture RT-PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Two Pepper Tobamoviruses

An immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC/RT-PCR) was developed for simultaneous detection of two pepper-infecting RNA viruses, Pepper mud mottle virus (PMMoV) and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV). The assay could be performed in a single tube for simultaneous and sensitive detection of these tobamoviruses. This detection system revealed thousand-fold increase in detection sensitivity compare to ELISA. This method could save time and reagent cost compare to common RT-PCR which needs several reactions and several procedures of viral RNA extractions for the same number of samples.

Occurrence and Distribution of Viruses Infecting Pepper in Korea

We conducted a survey on pepper virus diseases in 31 regions in Korea from November 2001 to December 2004. Using electron microscopy, test plant reaction, rapid immuno-filter paper assay (RIPA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or analysis of viral nucleotide sequences, we found a number of viruses from 1,056 samples that we collected. These included Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Of the samples analyzed, <TEX>$343(32.5\%)$</TEX> were infected with CMV, <TEX>$209(19.8\%)$</TEX> with PepMoV, <TEX>$141(13.4\%)$</TEX> with PMMoV, <TEX>$12(1.1\%)$</TEX> with BBWV2, <TEX>$40(3.8\%)$</TEX> with TMGMV, <TEX>$5(0.5\%)$</TEX> with TSWV, <TEX>$153(14.5\%)$</TEX> with CMV and PepMoV, <TEX>$54 (5.1\%)$</TEX> with CMV and PMMoV, <TEX>$31(2.9\%)$</TEX> with PepMoV and PMMoV, <TEX>$3(0.3\%)$</TEX> with CMV and BBWV2, <TEX>$1(0.1\%)$</TEX> with CMV, PepMoV and BBWV2, <TEX>$8(0.8\%)$</TEX> with CMV, PepMoV and PMMoV, and <TEX>$30 (2.8\%)$</TEX> samples were infected with viruses which were not identified. CMV was the most predominant virus in all inspected fields and the number of the samples infected with PMMoV was relatively low as compared PepMoV infection level in pepper. TMGMV was only found in the southern part of Korea, while TSWV was isolated in Anyang and Yesan. However, we did not encounter in this survey the Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and Pepper vein chlorosis virus (PVCV).

First Report of Tobacco as a Natural Host of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Spain

Two begomovirus species, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), have been identified as causal agents of tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in Spain. TYLCSV was reported in Spain in 1992 and TYLCV in 1997 on tomato crops (3). TYLCV was also reported in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) crops in southern Spain in 1997 and 1999, respectively. During the summer of 2004, symptoms of yellowing, crumpling, and necrosis of new leaves were observed sporadically in young, field-grown tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants in the Badajoz Province. These tobacco plants were next to tomato crops where TYLCV was detected for the first time in Badajoz in 2003. In September 2004, four symptomatic tobacco plants were selected for double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification analyses. Serological analyses were carried out in two repetitions and with the following polyclonal antisera: Potato virus Y (PVY) (Loewe Biochemica, Sauerlach, Germany); Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (produced in our laboratory); Tobacco mosaic virus (BIO-RAD, Marnes-La-Coquette, France); and Tomato spotted wilt virus (Loewe Biochemica). A simplified method of duplex PCR was used for a rapid, sensitive, and simultaneous detection of TYLCSV and TYLCV (2). Mixed infections of PVY and TYLCV were detected in all four tobacco samples tested. TYLCV infection was confirmed using the primer pair TY-1/TY-2 specific for the coat protein (CP) gene of begomoviruses (1). The CP fragment was digested with the restriction enzyme AvaII, and the pattern obtained corresponded to that obtained from TYLCV-infected tomato that served as a positive control. Two PCR products from different tobacco samples were sequenced and both showed 100% identity with the corresponding region (Almería) of TYLCV (GenBank Accession No. AJ489258) and 99% with TYLCV-Mild (Spain) (GenBank Accession No. AJ519441), confirming the diagnosis. The symptoms observed in the tobacco plants can not be attributed solely to TYLCV since the virus was present in a mixed infection with PVY. However, tobacco infected with TYLCV may serve as an important alternate host for TYLCV in the tomato cropping system. To our knowledge, this is the first report of N. tabacum as a natural host of TYLCV in Spain.

First identification of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus on Capsicum annuum in Taiwan

First identification of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus on Capsicum annuum in Taiwan

Discrimination between tobamoviruses and their pathotypes for L-gene-mediated resistance in green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

A new method to discriminate between tobamoviruses and their pathotypes that infect green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was developed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The P0 pathotype (Tobacco mosaic virus, Tomato mosaic virus, and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus) and the P1 pathotype (Paprika mild mottle virus) were distinguished by RT-PCR using primers specific to each pathotype. However, the P1,2 and P1,2,3 pathotypes of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) could not be distinguished from each other using this procedure. The P1,2 and P1,2,3 pathotypes were differentiated by RT-nested PCR, in which a DNA fragment was first produced by RT-PCR using primers containing conserved sequences of PMMoV. The product was then used as the DNA template in a second PCR using primers specific to each pathotype. An immunocapture (IC) RT-PCR method was developed based on results from this study, which facilitated detection of tobamoviruses in pepper plants, seeds, and field soils and allowed the identification of their pathotypes.

Tobamovirus Strain P101 Isolated from Pepper in Bulgaria

ABSTRACTThe tobamovirus strain P101 was isolated from pepper growing in greenhouse in Bulgaria. It does not differ from the other tobamoviruses in virion morphology, stability in sap, preparations, dried and frozen leaves as well as in the thermal inactivation point. The ratio A260/A280 of P101 purified preparation is 1.3 and it is higher than ones for other viruses from the group. The strain P101 has close electrophoretic mobility to paprika mild mottle virus (PaMMV, strain P11). When the homologous antiserim is used, P101 and other typical virus strains from the tobamovirus group arrange in the following series of serological relationship: P101 ≥ PaMMV > tobacco mild green mosaic virus >pepper mild mottle virus > tobacco mosaic virus > tomato mosaic virus. P101 and strain P11 of PaMMV are strongly related but not serologically identical. Both strains overcome the L1 resistance gene (pathotype P1) but at least 28 accessions of Capsicum chinense are resistant to P101 and susceptible to P11. The Bulgarian strain differs from P11 by the reaction of tomato and Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun N'N'. However, the established differences between both strains are not enough to propose P101 as a separate virus and it can be define as a strain of PaMMV.

Natural Incidence of Mixed Infections and Experimental Cross Protection Between Two Genotypes of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus

ABSTRACT Isolates of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), a member of the genus Tobamovirus, from Nicotiana glauca in southern California fall into two major genotypes, large (TMGMV-L) and small (TMGMV-S), distinguishable by the size of the coat protein (CP) subgenomic RNA. Mixed infections in the field were rare (1.6%), even at sites where both genotypes were common in single infections (62% for TMGMV-S; 37% for TMGMV-L). When plants experimentally protected by TMGMV-L were challenged by TMGMV-S, almost complete cross protection (90% of total plants challenged) was observed regardless of the protective time period (minimum 12 h and maximum 14 days). When plants protected by TMGMV-S were challenged with TMGMV-L, complete cross protection was observed when the protective time was 5 to 14 days. However, when the protective time was 3 days or less, protection by TMGMV-S was greatly reduced (11%), with mixed infections of TMGMV-S and -L predominating (69%), and single infections of the challenge virus TMGMVL were frequently observed (20%). When TMGMV-S and -L virions were co-inoculated, the virus progeny from individual plants most often contained only the TMGMV-L genome (61%) or, less frequently (39%), both genotypes. Therefore, TMGMV-L was more competitive than TMGMV-S and was able to displace TMGMV-S in experimental situations. The results obtained from cross-protection experiments in the greenhouse would explain the low frequency of natural mixed infections. It is possible that the experimental superior competitiveness of the novel L genotype has already or will play a role in its abundance in southern California.

Infectious in vitro transcripts from a cDNA clone of Tobacco mild green mosaic tobamovirus and its biological activity in host and nonhost plants and in their protoplasts

We have identified a tobamovirus, isolated from pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Tosajishi), as a Japanese isolate of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV-J). A cDNA clone of TMGMV-J from which infectious RNA transcripts can be synthesized in vitro was constructed. The RNA transcript was infectious to several plant species tested here including C. annuum cv. Tosajishi and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. No viral RNA accumulation was observed in either tomato plants or protoplasts inoculated with transcript or virion RNA, indicating that tomato plants were immune to TMGMV. This is the first report of a biologically active TMGMV cDNA clone and direct evidence of the presence of TMGMV in Japan.

Nigerian tobacco latent virus: a new Tobamovirus from tobacco in Nigeria

Field-grown tobacco plants in Nigeria showing chlorotic mottle and marginal veinbanding on the leaves apparently contained several viruses. One of them proved to be a new Tobamovirus for which we suggest the name Nigerian tobacco latent virus (NTLV), because it did not produce systemic symptoms on various cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum. Sequence analyses of the coat and movement protein genes and their translation products, as well as serological studies, revealed that NTLV is only distantly related to known Tobamoviruses from which it also differs in host range and symptomatology. Its closest relationship was found to Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV). The percentages of amino acid sequence identity amounted to 73% for the coat proteins and to 64% for the movement proteins of the two viruses. The total sequence of 1415 nucleotides analysed share 63% identity with the corresponding region of TMGMV. In the immunoelectron microscopical decoration test using antisera at a dilution of 1 : 50, reactions of NTLV were observed only with its own antiserum and one out of two antisera to TMGMV. An antiserum to NTLV diluted 1 : 2 failed to react with TMGMV. NTLV induces the formation of characteristic inclusions in infected cells.

First Report of Tobacco mild green mosaic virus Infecting Pepper in Korea

A rod-shaped virus was isolated from pepper showing mild mosic during the winter growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in Korea. Based on its biological reactions, serological relationships, reverse transcription-poly-merase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using specific primers, and nucleotide sequence analysis of coat protein (CP) gene, the isolated virus was identified as Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) and designated as Korean pepper isolate (TMGMV-KP). Crude sap from infected tissue was mechanically transmitted to various indicator plants, which produced characteristic symptoms of tobamovirus infection. However, no symptom was observed in Gomphorena globosa. In RT-PCR assays with specific primers toy respective detection of TMGMV, Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Pepper mild mottle virue (PMMoV), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), a single strong band of about 500 bp in length was produced from the sample used only with TMGMV primers. The amplified DNA was cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Sequence comparisons with the CP gene of other tobamoviruses indicated that TMGMV-KP shared 99.3％ identity with TMGMV Japanese isolate and only 59.1, 58.6, and 58.1％ identity with TMV, PMMoV and ToMV, respectively. This is the first report of TMGMV in Korea.