Tobacco Harm Research Articles

Stuck With the Car and All its Harms? A Public Health Approach to the Political Economy of the Status Quo

Despite the importance of a transition from car use to more active and public transport and an adequate knowledge base for taking action, the pace and scale of change globally has been inadequate to protect health, particularly from the effects of climate change. While the active transport research agenda has rightly broadened beyond behaviour change to include wider physical environments (infrastructure), in most jurisdictions this has not translated into major shifts in investment. We argue that the politics and macroeconomics of the status quo of automobility act as major barriers to mode shift and remain under-researched. Building on previous political economy and public health research and using Aotearoa New Zealand as a case study we tease out the mechanisms by which the politics and economics of the status quo affect what is experienced on the ground. From there, we suggest a research agenda that could be used to increase our understanding globally of the barriers to active travel transitions. We propose that the time is ripe for this action-focused research, but also for immediate action building on lessons learnt from public health’s history with addressing barriers to healthy public policy, such as reducing tobacco harm.

Estimating the Impact of Tobacco Parity and Harm Reduction Tax Proposals Using the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace.

Taxes are a demonstrably effective method to suppress tobacco use. This study examined the effects of the tobacco parity (i.e., imposing taxes equally on all tobacco products) and the harm reduction (i.e., applying taxes in proportion to the products’ levels of harm) tax proposals on demand and substitution across products. A crowdsourced sample of cigarette smokers (n = 35) completed purchasing trials with increasing tax magnitudes across different tax tiers in the Experimental Tobacco Marketplace in a repeated-measures design. Products were placed in three tax tiers (high, medium, and no tax) according to each proposal’s goal. The results indicated that total nicotine (mg) purchased was not significantly different between the proposals, with higher taxes yielding lower demand. However, as taxes increased, the tobacco parity proposal decreased the purchasing of all tobacco products and increased the purchasing of medicinal nicotine (i.e., the no tax tier). Conversely, the harm reduction proposal resulted in greater purchases of electronic nicotine delivery systems and smokeless tobacco (i.e., the medium tax tier). These findings support tobacco taxation as a robust tool for suppressing purchasing and suggest that differential taxation in proportion to product risk would be an effective way to incentivize smokers to switch from smoked to unsmoked products. Further studies should investigate the unintended consequences of their implementation.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Tobacco Vendors toward Selling Tobacco Products to Young Children and Adolescents in Central Delhi.

BackgroundTobacco consumption by youth is a serious public health problem. Regulation on tobacco sales has been given enough attention in our country, but very less information exists about the knowledge and attitude regarding tobacco laws by tobacco vendors.Aim and objectiveTo study the knowledge, attitude, and practices of tobacco vendors regarding the selling of tobacco to children and adolescents up to 18 years of age in the Central Delhi area.Materials and methodsA total sample size of 60 tobacco vendors was selected by random sampling method. The procedure and objectives of the study were explained to them and written informed consent was obtained. A casual interview of the tobacco vendor was taken and answers given by them were recorded using a questionnaire. After completing the data, statistical analysis was performed.ResultsThe mean age of children and adolescents visiting tobacco shops was 11.83 years and the minimum age was 8 years. It was reported that 19 (31.7%) vendors always asked the age of the child while none of them asked for proof of age. Forty-two (70%) of them reported these children and adolescents visit their shop alone while 18 (30%) reported that they visit with friends. Khaini was the commonest form of tobacco bought/consumed by children and adolescents. Twenty-seven (45%) vendors reported that these children consume tobacco publically.ConclusionDespite knowing various anti-tobacco laws, tobacco vendors are selling harmful tobacco products to children and adolescents.How to cite this articleVerma AR, Goswami M. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Tobacco Vendors toward Selling Tobacco Products to Young Children and Adolescents in Central Delhi. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):97–99.

Awareness, perceptions of and compliance with tobacco control policies among naswar vendors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

IntroductionRegulatory compliance in the retail environment is integral to the success of tobacco control. We assessed compliance among naswar (smokeless tobacco product widely used in South Asia) vendors with tobacco...

Harmful drinking, tobacco, and marijuana use in the 2000–2015 National Alcohol Surveys: Examining differential trends by sexual identity

Background Population-based surveys document disparities in substance use among sexual minorities compared to heterosexuals, but few studies examine changes over time. This study compared changes in harmful drinking (including alcohol use disorders and high-intensity drinking), tobacco use, marijuana use, and simultaneous marijuana and alcohol co-use between heterosexual and sexual minority adults over a 15-year period. Methods: Gender-stratified logistic regression analyses using 4 waves of cross-sectional data from the National Alcohol Survey (2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015) were conducted to test overall trends over time and differences by sexual identity, as well as the interaction between survey year and sexual identity. Results: Among women, significant effects for sexual identity were present in all models, reflecting greater odds of use among sexual minorities across waves. Among men, significant effects for sexual identity were found for high-intensity drinking (reflecting less use among sexual minorities) as well as marijuana use and marijuana and alcohol co-use (reflecting more use among sexual minorities). For women and men, tobacco use generally decreased and both marijuana use and simultaneous marijuana and alcohol co-use increased during the study period. Although trends were largely driven by heterosexual respondents, only one instance of an interactive effect was found; reports of harmful drinking were generally stable over time among heterosexual women, but higher and more variable over time among sexual minority women. Conclusions: Findings highlight that differences in patterns of substance use by sexual identity persist and underscore the need for screening, prevention, and intervention, particularly for sexual minority women.

Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and Selected Risk Factors of CHD, Among People Aged 30-64 Years in the District of Gampaha, Sri Lanka

Background- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of hospital deaths in Sri Lanka. The underlying risk factors include; tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, harmful alcohol use, physical inactivity, and medical conditions; hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidaemia. Objective of this study was to determine prevalence of CHD and risk factors among people aged 30-64 in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka. Methods- A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 1192 people aged 30-64 years in district of Gampaha, recruited by probability proportionate to the population size, cluster sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire on prevalence of CHD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, obesity, harmful alcohol use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco smoking and anthropometric measurements by trained data collectors. Twelve-lead ECG, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels were done for previously undiagnosed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-21. Results- The estimated prevalence of CHD based on already diagnosed cases and Rose positive angina 6.9% (95% CI 5.4% – 8.4%), CHD based on already diagnosed cases and ECG 6.4 (95% CI 4.9% – 7.8%), hypertension 37.5% (95% CI 34.7% to 40.3%), diabetes mellitus 17.4% (95% CI 15.2% to 19.6%), dyslipidaemia 66.5% (95% CI 63.8% – 69.2%). The estimated prevalence of other modifiable risk factors of generalized obesity (BMI≥25.0) (44.0%, 95%CI41.1-46.9), sub-optimal quality diet (71.9%, 95%CI 69.3-74.5), low level of physical activity (21.7%, 95%CI 19.3-24.1), heavy or high-risk drinking 11.4% (95%CI 9.56-13.2), smoking 14.2% (95%CI 12.2-16.2). Conclusions- Estimated prevalence of CHD and selected risk factors were high in Gampaha District with a large proportion of previously undiagnosed disease. Immediate public health action is needed including training programs for healthcare workers on detection of risk factors and awareness among the public for screening for risk factors.

SOME FACTORS RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF SWEET DRUG PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF MALE MEDICINE STUDENTS IN THAI BINH UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY IN 2020

The study was designed according to descriptive epidemiological research through an analytical cross-sectional investigation. Directly interviewing 434 male students of general medical education with the goal: Identifying some factors related to knowledge and practice of tobacco harm prevention and control among male students of university general medicine Thai Binh Medicine and Pharmacy in 2020. Research results show: there is a relationship between the subject's age and the subject's smoking behavior with OR = 2.0. Awareness of diseases acquired by passive smoking and subjects' smoking behavior, according to which subjects who do not know the diseases acquired by passive smoking are more likely to smoke than the know group 4.7 times.

Associations of County Tobacco Retailer Availability With U.S. Adult Smoking Behaviors, 2014–2015

Greater availability of tobacco product retailers in an area may be associated with smoking behaviors, and the majority of people who smoke purchase their cigarettes at gas stations and convenience stores. This cross-sectional study investigates the associations of overall tobacco retailer density and gas/convenience density with adult smoking behaviors. This study built a list of tobacco retailers in 2014 and calculated the county-level number of retailers per 1,000 people. Individual-level smoking behavior data were drawn from the 2014-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement for a sample of adults (n=88,850) residing in metropolitan counties across the U.S. General estimating equation models were fit to investigate the associations between retailer density and cigarette smoking behaviors (smoking status, quit attempt, quit length). Analyses were conducted in 2020. A greater number of tobacco retailers (AOR=1.63, 95% CI=1.35, 1.96) and gas stations and convenience stores (AOR=3.29, 95% CI=2.39, 4.52) per 1,000 people were each associated with a higher odds of a respondent smoking every day than the odds of a respondent not smoking. In addition, both measures were associated with a higher odds of a respondent being an every-day than being a some-day smoker. Associations for gas/convenience density were similar in models that additionally controlled for other tobacco retailers (excluding gas/convenience). Study results did not support associations between retailer density and cessation. Tobacco retailer density, especially gas/convenience density, is correlated with daily smoking, the most harmful tobacco use behavior. Calculating tobacco retailer density using gas/convenience stores may be a feasible proxy for overall tobacco retailer density.

The Tobacco Endgame-Eradicating a Worsening Epidemic: A Joint Opinion From the American Heart Association, World Heart Federation, American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology.

The Tobacco Endgame-Eradicating a Worsening Epidemic: A Joint Opinion From the American Heart Association, World Heart Federation, American College of Cardiology, and the European Society of Cardiology.

Tobacco Harm Reduction as a Path to Restore Trust in Tobacco Control.

The controversy of tobacco harm reduction in the United States persists despite evidence that an important audience of tobacco prevention and control, i.e., the people who use or are likely to use nicotine and tobacco products, are engaging in practices that may be considered harm reduction. Despite this, a significant proportion of the US tobacco control and prevention field continues to be guided by a precept that there is “no safe tobacco,” therefore failing to acknowledge practices that may be used to reduce the harms associated with consuming combustible forms of nicotine and tobacco. In this commentary, we argue that ignoring the potential benefits of harm reduction strategies may unintentionally lead to an erosion of trust in tobacco control among some members of the public. Trust in tobacco control as an institution is crucial for the success of tobacco control efforts. To ensure trust, we must return to our basic principles of doing no harm, developing programs that are responsive to people’s experiences, and providing resources in assisting people to reduce the harms that may be associated with practices, such as smoking, which adversely affect health. Only by respecting an individual’s priorities can we cultivate trust and develop tobacco prevention efforts that are grounded in the realities of people’s lives and responsive to their needs.

Evidence From the Scientific Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes and Their Role in Tobacco Harm Reduction

Summary While smoking remains a main global cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, a potential inflection point has arrived where it could become possible for non-combustible nicotine products to displace cigarettes and reduce risk for smokers who transition completely from smoking. These have proven consumer satisfaction and are now widely and increasingly available globally. One of the most prominent of these nicotine products are electronic cigarettes (ECs), which are used daily by millions of current and former smokers. The category is not without controversy as these products are not risk free and can cause nicotine dependence. The differing interpretation of science assessing ECs has transpired into inconsistent regulation and product standards, providing an environment for its fragmented manufacturing base which allows for variable product quality and in turn, product quality variability has impacted on how they are viewed. In this review, we assess published scientific evidence to evaluate whether, on balance, ECs fulfil a tobacco harm reduction role by reducing health risks relative to smoking and providing a viable alternative for smokers while having limited appeal to non-smokers.

Introduction to the Special Issue on JUUL Use.

This special issue addresses key topics relating to the public health impact of the use of electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS), particularly JUUL-brand ENDS. Smokers smoke for nicotine, but are harmed by the byproducts of combustion. ENDS can play a role in tobacco harm reduction offering a noncombustible alternative source of nicotine for adult smokers who would otherwise continue smoking. Papers presented here estimate the prevalence of ENDS and JUUL use among young and older adults, and document the 12-month smoking trajectories of adults who purchased a JUUL Starter Kit. Overall, smoking prevalence was halved, with most smokers switching completely as dual use declined. This held for subpopulations defined by demographics and psychiatric comorbidity. For those who did not switch, most significantly reduced (50%+) their cigarette consumption. Another study reports that dependence declines as smokers switch from smoking to using JUUL. The public health potential of ENDS is undermined by use of ENDS by nonsmokers, especially underage individuals. Some smoking was reported by adult former and never smokers, with little evidence of persistent smoking, and lower risk of smoking among those using JUUL more frequently. Regarding underage use, one paper reports that technology can ensure age-verification at point of sale. Population modeling integrating impacts on diverse populations indicates that availability of ENDS is expected to avert millions of premature deaths in the US. We believe these papers make a substantial contribution to the field of tobacco science and smoking control.

\u2018I perceive it to be less harmful, I have no idea if it is or not:\u2019 a qualitative exploration of the harm perceptions of IQOS among adult users

BackgroundHarm perceptions of tobacco and nicotine products can influence their use and could be targeted by policies to change behaviour. IQOS was introduced to the UK in 2016, and there is little independent qualitative research on IQOS harm perceptions. This study explored the perceived health harms of IQOS to users and those exposed to the emissions, what shapes these perceptions, and what participants wanted to know about the harms of IQOS.MethodsQualitative interviews in London, UK, with 30 adult current and former IQOS users who currently smoked or quit smoking in the last 2 years.ResultsIQOS was perceived as less harmful than smoking but not risk-free, although there was great uncertainty. Influences on harm perceptions were consolidated into six themes: (1) dominance of manufacturer claims influenced perceptions that IQOS is less harmful than smoking to users and those around them, although mistrust of the tobacco industry heightened scepticism about harms; (2) limited independent and long-term research led to uncertainty about harms, although some participants trusted IQOS would not be marketed if it were very harmful. Participants wanted more independent and long-term studies into harm; (3) appearance of HEETS (tobacco sticks) packaging conveyed reduced harm because packets were ‘pretty’, without graphic/specific warnings, although written warnings conveyed some harm. Participants wanted more information on HEETS packets about harms; (4) process of heating and HEETS contents—heating, compared with burning, tobacco was perceived to produce fewer harmful chemicals, while tobacco, nicotine, and chemicals in HEETS were perceived to cause some harm. Participants wanted clarification about the harms of heating tobacco and HEETS ingredients; (5) improvements in physical health and personal appearance reduced perceptions of harm; (6) differences in sensory experiences (taste, sight, smell) when using IQOS over smoking reduced perceptions of harm, while ‘black’ deposits inside IQOS led to perceptions of some harm. Reduced volume and smell of IQOS emissions also reduced perceptions of harm to non-users exposed to the emissions.ConclusionsIQOS was perceived as less harmful than smoking but not risk-free, although there was great uncertainty. Participants wanted clarification about IQOS harms from independent sources in accessible forms, specifically related to HEETS ingredients, heating tobacco, and emissions to others.

A Qualitative Study of Perceptions and Practices Related to Areca Nut Use Among Adolescents in Mumbai, India.

Areca nut, commonly known as supari, is widely used in India. In addition to tobacco and alcohol, it has been identified as one of the contributory factors for high rates of oral cancer in the country. This qualitative study explored perceptions and practices around the use of areca nut by conducting in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 61 school-going adolescents in the city of Mumbai, India. Respondents used low-priced sachets of sweetened, flavored areca nut called supari. They perceived supari as harmless because it was sweet, it had a fresh after-taste as compared to bitter-tasting smokeless tobacco products. How can something sweet be harmful was a common argument offered by respondents. Respondents invariably compared and contrasted areca nut to more harmful and addictive tobacco products; perceiving supari to have milder or inconsequential health effects. Supari use was initiated with friends, a sibling, or a cousin. It was almost always used with friends. Respondents also reported difficulty in refusal to use when offered supari by friends. Parental response to finding out about the child's supari use was often muted in comparison to extreme reactions associated with the child's tobacco use. Perceptions of low risk or relative harmlessness of the product, social influence, and the features of the product itself influence adolescents' use of areca nut. Although more research on perceptions of risk, with larger samples, is required, these findings are useful for school-based tobacco prevention and cessation programs and health policy-makers. The study findings have implications for prevention and cessation programs, and policymakers. School-based health education programs should allocate special sessions on areca nut use. Focused mass media communication campaigns describing its harms and association with oral cancer are required for the larger community. As was done for tobacco, Indian policymakers will have to evaluate the marketing, commerce, and distribution of areca nut and create appropriate laws. More research, with larger nationwide samples, is required to examine perceptions of areca nut.

Investigating the Drivers of Smoking Cessation: A Role of Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems?

Since 2010, several nations with impressive histories of smoking cessation have witnessed the proliferation of Alternative Nicotine Delivery Systems (ANDS). Advocates suggest that ANDS offer an effective and safer substitute for combustible tobacco. Critics fear that ANDS could expose consumers to novel harms, discourage smoking cessation and may even renormalize tobacco use. Different nations have adopted radically different regulatory strategies ranging from outright bans to active encouragement of ANDS-led smoking cessation. Economic, social and political factors also influence rates of smoking and uptake of ANDS. An investigation into the national-specific context for smoking cessation; including the role of ANDS in reducing cigarette consumption, is likely of value to regulators around the world hoping to reduce smoking-related morbidity and mortality in their own communities. Five case studies were conducted to review the evidence from Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea and the UK, drawing on an interdisciplinary framework for investigation combining sociological, ethnographic, policy analytic and econometric disciplinary approaches into a schema for studying the drivers of smoking cessation at the individual, micro, meso and macro levels. Data on smoking, and cessation from four decades was combined with more recent data on ANDS use, to investigate the relationship between tobacco control policies, ANDS use and smoking cessation, as well as other salient aspects of the national tobacco control landscape. Each case study developed specific recommendations for policy makers and the research agenda. This report summarizes the findings of those studies. Taxation and Stop Smoking Services (SSS) were among the most effective cessation drivers. Smoke-free laws were also found to be of value, though the evidence for their efficacy in reducing smoking prevalence is mixed. Other policies that sought to reduce the appeal or opportunity to smoke such as plain pack legislation and health warnings, etc. were less associated with short term reductions in smoking prevalence, though these may yet reduce national smoking rates by discouraging uptake among future generations. Tobacco use continues to be concentrated in socially and economically disadvantaged groups. Where regulations allowed, ANDS (e-cigarettes and heated tobacco in particular) were associated with smoking cessation. Moreover, instances of tobacco use declining even as e-cigarette use increased suggests that e-cigarettes do not necessarily re-normalize tobacco use as feared. The results demonstrate how policy decisions affect ANDS use and the latter’s value as a cessation mechanism. The authors recommend that regulators continue to increase tobacco taxes carefully and study how to integrate ANDS with well-funded SSS provision. Regulators should also seek policies that differentiate among nicotine products with respect to their harms profiles. Future cessation programs should target socially and economically disadvantaged groups where tobacco harms continue to be concentrated. This research highlights the need for high quality open-access data collection and analysis, especially regarding use of ANDS.

궐련형 전자담배 위해의 과학적 증거와 한국의 담배위해감축 정책

궐련형 전자담배 위해의 과학적 증거와 한국의 담배위해감축 정책

The delivery of smoking cessation interventions by nurses who smoke: A meta-ethnographic synthesis.

To gain new insights into the experiences of nurses who smoke and to understand the impact of those experiences on their delivery of smoking cessation interventions. A meta-ethnographic synthesis. CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Web of Science and grey literature databases were searched from their inception to April 2019. Meta-ethnography was employed to synthesize findings from included studies. The CASP qualitative checklist was used to appraise the quality of each study, and the GRADE-CERQual approach to appraise review findings. The synthesis is reported in accordance with the eMERGe reporting guidance. From an initial search outcome of 6,019 citations, 13 studies were included detailing the experiences of 195 nurses who were smokers or ex-smokers. Four main themes were identified beliefs, dissonance, coping mechanisms and workplace policies. An integrated conceptual map was proposed on the basis of findings. Nurses who smoke were aware of tobacco harms and their role in addressing tobacco use, which resulted in experiences of guilt and stigma. Workplace policies played a crucial role in the creation of cognitive dissonance. Nurses used different strategies to cope with dissonance such as rationalizing smoking benefits, hiding their smoking behaviour, denial of smoking risks, and failing to engage with smoking cessation interventions. Some nurses expressed more positive aspirations to cope with their dissonance, including a willingness to quit and to embrace smoking cessation interventions with their patients. Implementing smoke-free policies and supportive interventions targeting nurses' cognitive dissonance may assist them to quit smoking and improve their engagement in smoking cessation practices.

Practices and Perceptions of Local Health Officers/Commissioners Regarding Tobacco 21 Policy Advocacy.

Progress has been made in reducing adolescent cigarette smoking. However, the popularity of vaping products has increased concerns regarding tobacco use. One policy recently passed at the national level is Tobacco 21 (T21), which aims to reduce adolescent's access to tobacco products. Since local health officers/commissioners play a crucial role in the development of policies that protect their respective communities from the harms of tobacco, it is important to characterize their views on the T21 legislation and advocacy activities among them. This was a cross-sectional pilot study of three Midwestern states taken prior to a number of key tobacco-related events in 2019. Results show almost 70% of respondents had high interest in influencing public policy, more than 80% thought the public policy makers' actions regarding T21 were highly important to the health and well-being of the public, and 89% had in some capacity acted to support a T21 initiative. Involvement with legislative efforts was not high, despite evidence showing high popularity of the measure among the public. The top perceived benefits included a decrease in tobacco use among adolescents, improvements to community or state health, and delay in tobacco use initiation. Top barriers listed were issues with enforcement, lack of money or resources, competing health priorities, and policy makers' attitudes and values. Respondents overall had significantly lower confidence in performing activities at the state versus local level. Findings suggest there may be a need for more advocacy training on effective advocacy strategies in changing health policy.

Appalachian youth e-cigarette harm perceptions and tobacco use.

INTRODUCTIONE-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among youth. Although harm perceptions have been linked to youth e-cigarette use, little research focuses on vulnerable populations, such as Appalachian youth. This study examines associations between e-cigarette harm perceptions and tobacco use among a sample of Appalachian youth.METHODSUsing data from the 2014–2016 Youth Appalachian Tobacco Study (n=1074), distributions of six e-cigarette harm perceptions by tobacco use (never, ever non-e-cigarette, ever e-cigarette) were examined, and multivariable multinomial logistic regression was used.RESULTSNearly one-fourth (23.4%) of the sample were ever e-cigarette users. More e-cigarette users were male (53.4%) and in high school (57.0%). Fewer e-cigarette users strongly agreed that e-cigarettes cause health problems (15.1%), breathing problems (20.3%), and oral health problems (18.7%) and that e-cigarettes are addictive (25.1%), compared to never and non-e-cigarette users. More e-cigarette users strongly agreed (32.3%) that e-cigarettes are healthier alternatives to cigarettes compared to never (24.1%) and non-e-cigarette (25.7%) users. Regression models indicate that e-cigarette users had greater odds of strongly disagreeing with e-cigarettes being harmful or addictive, compared to never users. E-cigarette users had approximately six-fold odds of strongly disagreeing with e-cigarettes causing health problems (OR=6.12; 95% CI: 3.16–11.90) and two times greater odds of disagreeing with e-cigarettes being addictive (OR=2.09; 95% CI: 1.07–4.08) compared to never users.CONCLUSIONSAppalachian youth ever e-cigarette users perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful and less addictive compared to never users. Better informing youth, especially youth tobacco users, of the harms associated with e-cigarettes is vital.

A Systematic Literature Review on the Potential of Other Tobacco Processing Products (HPTL) as an Alternative Product in Tobacco Harm Reduction

Tobacco products other than cigarettes or alternative tobacco products have gained much popularity and perceived as less risk product compared to conventional cigarettes. In Indonesia, the product is known as Hasil Pengolahan Tembakau Lainnya (HPTL) or Other Tobacco Processing Products. Many studies have been done throughout the world and showed that the products have potential in reducing risk of tobacco use. As long as those products have much variety in design neither device nor materials the result may be differ between studies. In this systematic literature review aimed to answers some question concerning issues whether HPTL is less risk compared to conventional cigarettes and does HPTL able in helping smoker to quit smoking. We searched published articles relating to HPTL harm reduction and smoking cessation. The parameters for harm reduction is assessed based on the biomarker of exposure (BoE) levels detected in breath, blood, and urine and also based on the cardiovascular marker measured in participant. Parameters measured for smoking cessation was based on the cigarettes used per day by the participant. Conclusion: for those parameters are HPTL has potential as tobacco harm reduction and help smoker to quit smoking.