Tobacco Factory Research Articles

Extent of illicit cigarette sales in Nepal: findings from a retail survey

IntroductionIncreasing the tax on cigarettes is widely considered the most effective method to reduce its consumption. However, Nepal has a low cigarette tax as policymakers in Nepal are concerned about...

The Influence of Leadership and Compensation on Employee Performance at the Tulungagung Tobacco Factory

The Influence of Leadership and Compensation on Employee Performance at the Tulungagung Tobacco Factory

Performance optimization and experimental analysis of a gradient boosting tree-based model for real-time prediction of single gram weight of cigarettes

Abstract Accurate control of the gram weight of a single cigarette is of major significance for the improvement of product process quality and the reduction of production costs. This paper establishes a graph neural network (GNN) model to predict the equipment operation parameters and cigarette product weight indexes, based on data from the PROTOS1-8 fine cigarette rolling machine in a tobacco factory. Aiming at the lack of optimization ability of the GNNs model, using the excellent performance of the gradient boosting tree algorithm in nonlinear optimization ability and convergence speed, and using the cigarette gram weight index of the trained GNNs prediction model as the fitness function, we carry out the search for the optimal cigarette weight product indexes and come up with the set of operating parameters with the best cigarette weight indexes and optimize the cigarette equipment parameters in the reverse direction. Experiments and promotion tests have demonstrated that the method significantly enhances the optimization of fine cigarette equipment, with a prediction accuracy of 0.8942. Compared to the traditional multiple linear regression model of 0.8527, the prediction ability has improved by 4.15%. The method is useful for analyzing the parameters of different types of cigarette equipment and can meet practical needs.

Émile Belot’s Models, or an Engineer’s Quest for Scientific Legitimacy

Abstract Between 1905 and 1937, Émile Belot, an engineer and then director of a public tobacco factory, threw himself into scientific research seeking to reconstruct the history of the formation of the solar system. This article goes over and analyses the experimental practices Belot drew on in support of his theory, looking at the equipment he manufactured and operated in his “experimental cosmogony laboratory.” Together with a few other French engineers, Belot persistently sought to prove his legitimacy to address astronomical and geological issues. His machines reproducing the formation of spiral nebulae, volcanoes, or lunar craters acted both as material resources for deciding between rival scientific hypotheses, and as tools which, by analogy, materialised the mechanical nature of the cosmos Belot hoped to study without being confined to the scientific margins.

Girls, Wives, Factory Lives : Fifty Years On

Anna Pollert revisits her 1970s ethnographic study of women’s working lives at the Churchman tobacco factory in Bristol to discuss her qualitative methodology and to summarize her findings. In vivid extracts, Pollert recalls the gendered world that women then faced at home as principal family carers and at work – pay, conditions, male managers, a male-dominated union – and analyses their views, values, and lives. Although the 2020s are a very different world from the 1970s, Pollert notes unwelcome continuities – occupational gender segregation, the gender pay gap (albeit narrowed), low pay, and the domestic division of labour in which women still do more work than men. A positive change is that women are more assertive about their rights. However, the greater openness and social liberalism has been accompanied by a fracturing of other certainties such as the availability of public provision and the growth of zero-hours and sub-contract labour. Pollert restates the value of ethnographic research in understanding what goes on at work ‘behind the headlines’ to understand the dynamics of workers’ consciousness and collective action.

Overview of Psychological Distress among Female Workers at PT. Jatisari Tobacco Raya, Jember, Indonesia

In the past decade, women were found working in tobacco factories. Stress that occurs in the workplace results from emotional and physical reactions due to the failure of individuals to adapt to a work environment where there is a mismatch between expectations and reality. This study aimed to identify the psychological distress among female tobacco workers. The research design used in this research is descriptive research. The of respondents required in this study is 91 respondents. Sampling was done by using a random sampling method. The data collection tool used in this study was the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire. The results showed that most of the respondents never experienced stress. Some respondents often experience stress with symptoms of overreaction to a situation, and some respondents experience stress all the time with symptoms of not feeling positive and experiencing shaking or tremors in their hands. Respondents who often experience anxiety feel symptoms of panic and worthlessness, and respondents who experience severe anxiety at any time feel symptoms of changes in heart rate even though they do not do physical activity (feel their heart rate increases). Lack of training and low education cause job stress for workers. Lack of placement scenarios not by the workers' abilities will make them less confident and experience difficulties dealing with situations that can cause anxiety. Women working in tobacco factories must handle the stress for their mental and physical health.

The treacherous trade unionist: Paraschiva B. Ion and labour activism in the Romanian tobacco sector, 1920s to 1940s

ABSTRACT What did it mean to be a woman labour activist in a state-owned industry in Romania before 1945? In this article, I construct a political biography of Paraschiva B. Ion, a worker and trade unionist in the “Belvedere” tobacco factory in Bucharest during the interwar period. P. B. Ion led factory- and national-level social democratic trade unions and served as an elected delegate to factory-level and municipal-level workers’ representative bodies. At the same time, she participated in labour control practices, including during the Second World War. I argue that P. B. Ion’s career illustrates how, in the interwar period, women labour activists in social democratic trade unions in Romania could become more prominent participants in labour governance on the shop floor, municipal, and national levels while not being involved in labour governance at the international scale. Like other trade unionists in Europe, at times, P.B. Ion supported certain claims made by women workers (including through expert knowledge production) and at other times restrained them. I position P. B. Ion’s activism in a domestic context marked by competing labour agitation and organizing in the tobacco sector, activities shaped by a legal framework that hindered labour organizing.

Dancing with Counterpreservation

The Tabacalera is a 30,000 sq m building located in Madrid city centre. Erected at the end of the eighteenth century, it originally functioned as a state-run tobacco factory until its closure in 2000. After ten years of abandonment, the Ministry of Culture leased part of the property to a series of local collectives to use as a “self-managed social centre”. Here, in an atmosphere characterised by repurposed decay and new informal accretions, all kinds of cultural and communal activities are held every day, including those of the Centro Revolucionario de Arqueología Social (CRAS, Revolutionary Centre for Social Archaeology). Between 2018 and 2020, I engaged with the social and organisational dynamics of the centre, exploring the motivations and aspirations of its various collectives and of other actors involved. Deploying Daniela Sandler’s notion of “counterpreservation” – the purposeful embracing of decay as a social and aesthetic act – this article suggests that, in just a decade, the centre has become an icon of free culture and libertarianism, acquiring a consistent heritage identity that is indissociable from its decaying materiality. This article also aims to examine how both social and aesthetic dimensions forge a joint resistance to potential institutional plans that may jeopardise the centre’s continuity.

Eğitim İşleviyle Yenilenen Cibali Tütün ve Sigara Fabrikası’nda Çağdaş Mekan Kurguları

Space constitutes one of the important elements of the architectural discipline and gives meaning to a building by moving it beyond being a three-dimensional mass. Designing the spaces that the building contains and determining the actions they will contain makes architecture different from other building activities. The spaces in industrial buildings are designed in accordance with the use of large-scale machines where production will be provided. These structures, which remain in important positions in the city centers with the development of the cities, are abandoned by losing their functions with the changing production conditions. Due to their location, strong structural system, and high-quality structural features such as large volumes, giving these structures new functions and ensuring their survival creates an alternative building production technique. The structural features of industrial buildings enable various uses in function selection. The spaces needed in these buildings, which are renovated for reuse, are organized within the existing volumes with the help of space components and elements. In this study, additional designs made during the renovation of Cibali Tobacco and Cigarette Factory, which was used as a university education structure, to include contemporary education spaces were examined. Qualitative research method was used in the study, and the history, architectural features and renewed space design of Cibali Tobacco and Cigarette Factory, which constitutes the field study, were analyzed through written sources, photographs, and drawings. In the study, contemporary usage ideas in new spaces designed with the help of additional space components and elements were evaluated. As a result of the study, suggestions were made for additional designs to be made in industrial buildings to be re-functionalized.

Isothermal drying characteristics and kinetic mechanism for tobacco with different water content

The effect of drying temperature on the drying characteristics of tobacco was investigated with different water content. The isothermal drying characteristics and kinetics of three kinds of tobacco on the production line of a tobacco factory in Hubei were studied by halogen water analyzer. The drying characteristics of tobacco with different water content under isothermal conditions were evaluated by water loss characteristics, water diffusion coefficient, and activation energy. The results showed that the drying time of cut tobacco was reduced by increasing the drying temperature within a certain range. The water diffusion coefficient of cut tobacco decreased with the increase of temperature from 70 to 100 °C, and increased with the increase of initial water content. The activation energy of cut tobacco was related to the production process. The activation energy in the experiment was as follows: CT-2 > CT-3 > CT-1. Five drying models were used for non-linear fitting of the drying behavior of tobacco. The fitting degree of the Midilli model was the highest, reaching 0.9944. This data will be useful in the design of tobacco drying equipment.

The Lettered Barriada: Workers, Archival Power, and the Politics of Knowledge in Puerto Rico

The Lettered Barriada: Workers, Archival Power, and the Politics of Knowledge in Puerto Rico

Estimating the Size of Illicit Tobacco Market in Lithuania: Results from the Discarded Pack Collection Method.

For decades in Lithuania, the threat of illicit trade has been used to weaken evidence-based tobacco-control policies and to undermine efforts to reduce smoking prevalence and its attributable burden, while also depriving the government of much-needed tax revenue. The aim of this study is to estimate the size of the illicit cigarette market in Lithuania using data from a nationally representative discarded pack collection. The study employed a two-stage cluster design by first randomly selecting 65 well-defined population settlements (30 cities and 35 townships), representing both urban and rural areas, in all 10 counties in Lithuania. Next, we randomly selected 358 polling districts within these settlements. Each polling district had one route along which discarded packs were collected between September 2019 and 2020. In total, 28.9% (95% CIs = 27.7 to 30.1) of discarded cigarette packs were classified as illicit. The vast majority (90.1%) of illicit packs originated from Belarus with most (86.9%) packs produced in the Grodno Tobacco Factory Neman. Tax stamps were present on 93.6% of legal packs and also on 76% of illegal packs. Data from this study suggest that the illicit cigarette trade in Lithuania is more widespread than indicated by other methods and primarily supplied by the neighboring Belarus state-owned tobacco factory in Grodno. This signals the need to adopt Belarus-specific border control and security measures. This study presents data from the first national industry-independent study on illicit tobacco trade in Lithuania using discarded cigarette pack collection method. As customs seizure data show, our results also indicate that the illicit cigarette market is primarily supplied by Belarus state-owned Grodno Tobacco Factory Neman known for filling Europe with cheap cigarettes. An estimate derived from this study is higher than both the industry-independent estimate obtained by the survey method and the estimates offered by the tobacco industry. This adds to the evidence that the difference in estimates obtained by different methods reflects the strengths and weaknesses of each. The study also demonstrates the impact of a rogue neighbor on the illicit market in an adjacent country and offers suggestions on how to address it.

Dynamic monitoring and anomaly tracing of the quality in tobacco strip processing based on improved canonical variable analysis and transfer entropy.

Multivariate statistical monitoring methods are proven to be effective for the dynamic tobacco strip manufacturing process. However, the traditional methods are not sensitive enough to small faults and the practical tobacco processing monitoring requires further root cause of quality issues. In this regard, this study proposed a unified framework of detection-identification-tracing. This approach developed a dissimilarity canonical variable analysis (CVA), namely, it integrated the dissimilarity analysis concept into CVA, enabling the description of incipient relationship among the process variables and quality variables. We also adopted the reconstruction-based contribution to separate the potential abnormal variable and form the candidate set. The transfer entropy method was used to identify the causal relationship between variables and establish the matrix and topology diagram of causal relationships for root cause diagnosis. We applied this unified framework to the practical operation data of tobacco strip processing from a tobacco factory. The results showed that, compared with traditional contribution plot of anomaly detection, the proposed approach cannot only accurately separate abnormal variables but also locate the position of the root cause. The dissimilarity CVA proposed in this study outperformed traditional CVA in terms of sensitiveness to faults. This method would provide theoretical support for the reliable abnormal detection and diagnosis in the tobacco production process.

Gendered Work, Skill, and Women's Labor Activism in Romanian Tobacco Factories from the 1920s to the 1960s

AbstractIn this article, I choose struggles over skill development as an entry point to uncovering features of women's labor activism in state-owned tobacco factories in Romania, from the 1920s to the early 1960s. I look at the processes that constructed women tobacco workers, especially those at the Tobacco Manufactory in the city of Cluj, as non-skilled workers, and examine the forms of labor activism in the tobacco industry that challenged those constructs. I describe how women's work at the Cluj Tobacco Manufactory, from the mid-1920s to the mid-1950s, was shaped by successive waves of production intensification and rationalization, demonstrating that these reorganizations affected female workers more than they affected their male coworkers. I point out that although they were considered non-skilled laborers, female tobacco workers exercised an amount of control over their work and were important contributors to their families’ maintenance. I show that spanning two different political regimes, matters of skill were at the core of labor activism. For female workers, in the interwar period, labor activism in male-dominated organizations and structures entailed skill-mediated political strategies that emphasized experience and shopfloor status besides skill. By the 1950s, labor activism encompassed engaging in confrontational politics over seasoned women workers’ lack of access to skill training programs. I show that both in the late 1920s and in the early 1950s, illiteracy and women's more limited access to formal schooling in general shaped new experiences of participation in labor politics.

Design of an Optimal Scheduling Control System for Smart Manufacturing Processes in Tobacco Industry

The whole process of tobacco production is composed of many components, in which their operation and administration are currently independent. It is required to deploy smart manufacturing workflow for the whole production process, in order to realize centralized effective global scheduling. This requires an advanced administration control platform that has strong abilities of multisource data integration and automatic decision support. To bridge such research gap, this paper designs an optimal scheduling control system for smart manufacturing processes of tobacco industry. First of all, this work discusses major characteristics of future-generation production control patterns in intelligent tobacco factories (ITF). Then, a five-layer architecture for optimal scheduling control of ITF is proposed, which contains Internet-of-Things layer, centralized control layer, model layer, platform layer and operation layer. In addition, a production scheduling optimization strategy is also developed for the proposed system to serve as the software algorithm that drives the running of whole smart manufacturing processes. Finally, this paper presents a comparative analysis of the proposed system’s transformation in a cigarette factory. Naturally, the effectiveness of the proposed production optimization scheduling strategy is verified through simulation.

The Sarajevo Tobacco Factory Strike of 1906: Empire and the Nature of Late Habsburg Rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina

AbstractIn May 1906, the Habsburg protectorate of Bosnia and Herzegovina experienced an unprecedented level of labor unrest. The discussions between civil servants and workers that arose from these events, in particular those that occurred during the strike at the government-owned Sarajevo Tobacco Factory, provide a key point of departure from which to explore the character of Habsburg rule in Bosnia. This article examines how late Habsburg imperial rule functioned in Bosnia by analyzing moments of apparent bureaucratic irregularity in order to suggest a different interpretation of Habsburg administrative practice. It argues that in the case of the Sarajevo Tobacco Factory, the relationship between subjects of the Habsburg empire and its administrators was characterized by processes of debate and discussion that were in many ways grounded in concerns about fairness. This observation opens up new questions about the broader relationship between the Austro-Hungarian administration and the people it governed.

Occupational Health Problems Among Tobacco Processing Factory Workers, at Kheda District Gujarat: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health problem globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco is the second most important cause of death in the world. It is currently estimated to be responsible for about 5 million deaths each year worldwide. In India, it is responsible for over 8 lakh deaths every year. Tobacco use is one of the most important preventable causes of disease and death globally.Aims of study: To determine the occupational health hazard of tobacco workers.Objectives:1. To explore the various types of occupational health hazards among factory workers.2. To determine the occupational health problems among tobacco factory workers.Methodology: The researcher has adopted quantitative non experimental research approach. A cross-sectional study was carried among 50 tobacco factory workers in Kheda District Gujarat. The tobacco factory workers who fulfil the inclusion criteria were selected as a sample for the study and sample size was 50, Non-Probability purposive sampling technique was used. The data was collected using a questionnaire and performing a clinical examination. The questionnaire gathered information on demographic factors and adverse habits of the study subjects. The subjects were clinically examined to assess their respiratory health status using lungs function test. Prevalence of tobacco chewing and/or bidi and cigarette smoking, and their socio-demographic correlates, were examined. Collected data were analysed using SPSS statistics software.Results: Majority of the workers in the tobacco factory had tobacco chewing habits (44%) than smoking (2%) and alcohol drinking (38%). Majority of the workers in the tobacco factory workers belongs to 19-25 years (34%), regards to gender(68%) were male, regards to educational status (60%) were illiterate, Monthly income in rupees (56%) has 5000-10000 INR. Majority of workers had normal BMI (72%). Due to working in the tobacco factory (34%) have respiratory problem tachypnoea. (84%) of workers were having cough problem. (32%) of workers are having Runny and Stiffy nose. (42%) of workers are having Itching in eyes. (44%) of workers are having Skin rash.
 Conclusion: The study attempted to assess the health problems among tobacco factory workers. Study result revealed that tobacco factory hazard had a great effect on the tobacco workers, so it should be halted/minimized at an acceptable level. The “Tobacco Control Law” in the country should be enforced strictly so that the owner of the factory maintain healthy environment for the workers to prevent or reduce the occupational health hazards at an acceptable level.

Reading Luisa Capetillo

“Nonconformist” is one of several ways to describe Puerto Rican feminist Luisa Capetillo (1882–1922). As a transnational figure who synthesizes a unique fusion of diverse influences such as anarchism, spiritism, and syndicalism, Capetillo presents a distinctive reader-writer persona as well. This essay explores how reading Capetillo invites one to listen to her like the workers at the tobacco factories where she was a lectora would. It focuses on Capetillo’s first essays—published in Ensayos libertarios (1907) and La humanidad en el futuro (1910)—in which she conveys an urgency for getting her message across in order to actively resist colonialist paradigms of exploitation.

Luisa Capetillo and the Pedagogy of Unruliness

This essay studies how the writings and praxis of loud-reading in tobacco factories of the Puerto Rican anarcha-feminist Luisa Capetillo (1882–1922) exemplifies what can be called a “pedagogy of unruliness.” This hypothesis is that unruliness is a teachable form of knowledge irreducible to the modern conceptualization of “power/knowledge.” The essay examines how in Capetillo’s writings knowledge, intelligence, and literature become something else through a pedagogical praxis, a “stealing” of knowledge from the institutions of power. It compares Capetillo’s praxis with the theoretical texts of Paulo Freire, Ángel Rama, Ivan Illich, and Jacques Ranciere. It also supports work on the increasing bibliography about Capetillo’s literary and political innovations.

ANALISIS PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS MODAL KERJA LEVERAGE TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG GO PUBLIK DI INDONESIA (Studi Kasus PT Gudang Garam Tbk Periode Tahun 2015-2019)

This study is a research with a quantitative approach. The population of this study is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the tobacco factory sub-sector and the sample obtained is PT Gudang Garam Tbk for the 2015 – 2019 period. The data analysis method used is multiple regression. The data collection techniques used in this research are library research and documentation techniques. Data analysis techniques in this study used hypothesis testing. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it shows that: the effectiveness of working capital has an effect on profitability as indicated by the regression coefficient value of 0.017, so the first hypothesis is accepted. Leverage has a positive effect on profitability indicated by a regression coefficient of 0.012, so the second hypothesis is accepted. Simultaneously, the effectiveness of Working Capital and Leverage affect the Company's Profitability, thus the third hypothesis is accepted.