Tobacco Advertising Research Articles

Tobacco Advertisements on Social Media and Religiosity and Its Effect to Smoking Intention in Students Muslim

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>The tobacco industry tries to attract the attention of young people as potential consumers through cigarette advertisements on various platforms, one of which is cigarette advertisements on social media. Cigarette advertisements on social media appear and are broadcast directly or indirectly through television, radio, billboards, and other media. This study aims to determine how the influence of cigarette advertisements on social media and religiosity can affect smoking intentions in adolescents. This study uses quantitative research with a cross-sectional design with a population of 2,203 people and a sample size of 1000 respondents. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling criteria to determine the sample, which includes 11th - 12th-grade students who have social media applications. </em><em>The variables analyzed include cigarette advertisements (whether or not they have seen cigarette advertisements on social media, intensity, and duration), smoking intention (purchase intention and family smoking behavior), and self-religiosity (intensity of listening to lectures on the law of smoking and duration). This research was conducted at State Aliyah Madrasah 2 Model Medan in January 2024</em><em>. Primary data came from Google Forms questionnaires distributed directly to students. To test this research, the variables analyzed were cigarette advertising, smoking intention, and religiosity. This study uses a correlation test and multiple linear regression test using SPSS version 20. This study shows the results that cigarette advertisements on social media affect adolescents' intentions regarding smoking behavior (Sig < 0.007), and there is an effect of religiosity on adolescents' intentions regarding smoking behavior (Sig < 0.001). The influence of cigarette advertisements on adolescent smoking intention and the results of religiosity research show that smoking intention is influenced by a lack of self-control and low self-confidence, so the desire to smoke cannot be minimized.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><strong><em>Keyword: Religiosity, Smoking intention, Social Media, Teenegers, Tobacco advertisement.</em></strong></p>

Effect the Influence of Tobacco Advertisements on Social Media and Religiosity Smoking Perception Among High School Students in Medan

<div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Tobacco advertisements on social media are one of the marketing tools used by the tobacco industry to attract teenagers to smoke. The purpose of this study was to see how the influence of tobacco advertisements on social media and religiosity on the perception of smoking in adolescents, especially in the Islamic Senior High School Model 2 Medan. This study used quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at Islamic Senior High School Model 2 Medan from January to February 2024. The population in this study was 2,203, and the sampling technique used was a purposive sampling of 1</em><em>.</em><em>000 respondents. The variables studied in this study include tobacco advertising, smoking perceptions, and religiosity with the research instrument, namely a questionnaire. The data will be tested for validity and reliability and then will be processed with correlation tests and multiple linear regression tests using the SPSS Version 20 application. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of tobacco advertisements on social media on adolescents' perceptions of smoking behavior (Sig < 0.005, t = 3.553) and there is an influence of religiosity on adolescents' perceptions of smoking behavior (Sig < 0.005. t = 2.809). Tobacco advertising is the most dominant influence on the perception of smoking. While religiosity also affects the perception of smoking. Therefore, efforts can be made to implement policies that prohibit tobacco promotion in the school environment, including on official school social media, and to develop educational programs that strengthen religiosity values and increase social media literacy among students</em></p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong> <strong><em>Adolescents, Perception, Religiosity, Social Media, Tobacco advertisements</em></strong>

Abstract 2196: Susceptibility to tobacco use among rural adolescents: Examining the role of tobacco marketing exposure and media use intensity

Abstract Background: Rural youth have higher rates of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and tobacco product use compared to their urban counterparts. Prior literature confirms that marketing exposure increases pro-tobacco attitudes and susceptibilities, yet the extent to which tobacco product marketing and advertising messages relate to tobacco use susceptibility among rural adolescents is understudied. Objectives: To examine the association between tobacco marketing exposure and susceptibility to tobacco use and ever tobacco use among a population of rural youth. Methods: Youth (aged 14-18 years), enrolled in grades 9-11, able to speak and write in English, and residing in rural counties in Virginia (n = 697) were recruited to participate in the Southern Virginia - Adolescents, Place, and Behavior study. At baseline, eligible participants were asked to answer survey questions, including demographics (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, and gender), tobacco product (e.g., e-cigarettes/vapes, cigarettes, and cigars), tobacco use susceptibility (e.g., “do you think you will try any type of tobacco product in the next year?”), digital media use (e.g., “how many hours do you spend visiting social networking sites on both a typical weekday and a typical weekend day?"), and interaction and exposure to tobacco advertisements. Results: The majority of participants were female (51.9%), White (62.4%) and non-Hispanic (86.6%), with an average age of 15.1 years old (SD = .96). Less than a quarter (20.7%) of participants reported ever using any tobacco products. Heavy social media users and text users were more likely to be tobacco ever-users than those who were light social media users, X2(1) = 12.00, p < .001. Multivariate logistic regression models report that exposure to online ads promoting tobacco products (OR: 2.03, 95% CI [1.37 - 3.03]) and higher grade level (OR: 1.77, 95% CI [1.29 - 2.43]) were significantly associated with the likelihood of ever using tobacco products, while controlling for mother’s education, gender, and ethnicity. Among adolescents who never used tobacco products, higher grade levels (OR: 1.40, 95% CI [1.05 - 1.86]) were associated with greater susceptibility to initiating tobacco product use while controlling for the covariates. Conclusions: Greater social media use and exposure to ads promoting tobacco products were significantly associated with tobacco ever use. For never tobacco users, social media use or tobacco ad exposure was not associated with greater susceptibility to tobacco use. Higher grade levels were associated with both tobacco ever use and greater susceptibility to tobacco product use. Identification of these risk factors may help inform potential targets for future tobacco prevention campaigns. Citation Format: Sunny Jung Kim, Kendall Fugate-Laus, Jeremy Barsell, Elizabeth K. Do, Rashelle Hayes, David Wheeler, Bernard Fuemmeler. Susceptibility to tobacco use among rural adolescents: Examining the role of tobacco marketing exposure and media use intensity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2196.

The Role of Education in Preventing E-Smoking Behavior is to Increase Student Knowledge and Attitudes

Introduction: Aim this reseach to determine the differences in levels of knowledge, Attitude about e-smoking prevention before and after education between ekperimental and the control group the Samarinda City Central Statistics Agency in 2017 (3). The number of teenage smokers in the city of Samarinda reached 29.69%. While there is a significant level of access to advertisements for cigarettes on television and the internet, 15.7% of people access the internet, and 41.5% of people access electronic cigarettes with their peers.
 Methods: The experimental design of this study consisted of a two-group experimental design with a pre-test and a post-test plus a control, with the purpose of determining the impact of educational intervention through the use of web-based preventive education for mesuare diffrences knowled and attitude
 Results: The Different Tests Within Experiment Group Of Knowledge, Attitudes From One Month After Intervention, knowledge P-Value 0.000, Attitudes P-Value 0,00. The Different Tests Within Control Group Of Knowledge, Attitudes From One Month After Intervention, Knowledge P-Value 0,97 and attitudes P-Value 0,135.
 Conclusion: After the education was carried out, the results demonstrated that there were differences in the experimental group's knowledge and attitudes before and after the education was carried out. The control group did not exhibit any differences in knowledge or attitudes during either of the two measures that were conducted. It was found that there were variations in knowledge and attitudes between the experimental group and the control group after one month of post-education was delivered.

Reports of Tobacco Sales, Sponsorships, and Policies at Professional Golf Tournaments.

Reports of Tobacco Sales, Sponsorships, and Policies at Professional Golf Tournaments.

Patterns in Tobacco, E-Cigarette, and Cannabis Advertising Exposure Among California Adolescents and Associations With Future Use Expectations

Background Exposure to tobacco, e-cigarette, or cannabis marketing is associated with adolescent use. Few studies have examined advertising exposure prevalence and patterns across these products concurrently. Methods This study assessed past 30-day recalled exposure to promotional messages about tobacco, e-cigarettes (“vapes” on the survey), and cannabis (“marijuana”) from various sources among California adolescents (ages 12–17) in the 2022 Teens, Nicotine, and Tobacco Online Survey (N = 2530). Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted to examine the underlying structure and patterns in advertising exposure sources. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between any advertising exposure and future use expectations (a susceptibility measure) in one year and at age 25 among current never-users. Results Overall, 65.9% of participants recently noticed at least one tobacco (52.5%), vape (51.5%), or marijuana (45.6%) advertisement. Gas stations or convenience stores were the most common source for tobacco or vape ads; billboards were for marijuana ads. In PCA, advertising exposure patterns correlated with advertising source, not the type of product. Exposures from tobacco-specific sources and nearer point of sale were associated with current use, older age, LGBTQ + identity, and sensation seeking. Among never-users, advertising exposure was associated with one-year and age-25 use expectations for cigarettes (one-year expectations adjusted odds ratio: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.5), vapes (2.3; 1.5, 3.5), and marijuana (2.1; 1.5, 3.0). Conclusion California adolescents’ exposure to tobacco, e-cigarette, and cannabis marketing is common, follows similar patterns, and is associated with use susceptibility. Comprehensive restrictions on marketing accessible to adolescents could help prevent youth use.

Multilevel Intervention Program Goes to School Camba’ Rokok for School Based Smoking Prevention

Background: The earlier age people start smoking will have the potential to become long-term smokers. One way that can be done to overcome this problem is through program intervention such as a promotive preventive program that is focused on addressing the problem of smoking is urgently needed. In the City of Palopoin 2017 smokers of elementary school children reached 15.27%, people who broke the rules by smoking in schools reached 44.27% and 36.64% of students had been exposed to outdoor cigarette advertisements. Aims: This study aims to assess the program Goes to school camba' rokok in multilevel interventions at the student and school level to increase self-efficacy and skills in school-based smoking prevention. Methods: The population in this study was state junior high school and senior high school in Palopo city. This research is a quasi-experimental study, with a Solomon four-group design. The samples in this study were 131 students who were randomly determined at SMAN 2 Palopo, SMAN 4 Palopo, SMPN 5 Palopo, and SMPN 8 Palopo using simple cluster random sampling tests. Data analysis using STATA for statistical analysis using statistical tests with Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis at the significance level p-value <0.05. Results: Posttest scores in the four groups, there was a significant difference in the effect of program interventions going to school camba' rokok on self-efficacy with a p-value of 0.0001, skills with a p-value of 0.0012. Conclusion: There is an increase in students 'self-efficacy and skills through a multilevel intervention program going to school camba' rokok in Palopo City.

Predictor of smoking cessation among school-going adolescents in Indonesia: a secondary analysis based on the transtheoretical model of behavioral change.

This study elucidates the complex journey of adolescents toward smoking cessation, investigating the association of relevant demographic factors, advertising, promotion, anti-cigarette messages, and individual knowledge and attitudes with being in different smoking cessation stages. Utilizing data from the 2019 Indonesia Global Youth Tobacco Survey, this secondary analysis included adolescents who reported ever smoking. The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) guided the categorization of the outcome variable into three smoking cessation stages based on the responses to two questions related to the intention and timing of the smoking cessation. This included contemplation, action, and maintenance stages. Multinomial logistic regression analyzed the associations between each independent variable and being in each stage of smoking cessation. The study comprised 3596 Indonesian adolescents from grades 7-12, of which 2484 responded to two questions related to intention and timing of smoking cessation and were included in regression analysis. Findings indicate that males and those aged ≥16 were predominantly in contemplation phase. Early smoking initiation, usage of other tobacco products, and exposure to various forms of smoke increased the likelihood of being in contemplation and action phases. Parental smoking, school smoking exposure, and second-hand smoke were significant contemplation phase predictors. Exposure to tobacco advertising was linked to an increased likelihood of being in contemplation and action phases, whereas anti-cigarette messages showed no significant impact. Awareness of cigarette and second-hand smoke harms reduced the odds of being in the contemplation phase, while enjoying smoking and willingness to accept cigarettes from friends increased the odds of being in contemplation and action phases rather than in maintenance phase. Addressing age, gender, cultural influences, environmental factors, and attitudes towards smoking through tailored interventions is vital for aiding smoking cessation in Indonesian adolescents. Strengthened tobacco control in schools and public places is recommended to bolster these efforts. Longitudinal studies are required to explore the evolving patterns of smoking cessation behaviors over time, enhancing our understanding of the factors influencing sustained cessation.

Should tobacco sales be restricted to state-run alcohol outlets? Perspectives from 10 US alcohol control states.

The ubiquity of tobacco retailers helps to sustain the tobacco epidemic. A tobacco retail reduction approach that has not been tried is transitioning tobacco sales to state-controlled alcohol stores (TTS), which are limited in number and operate under some restrictions, e.g. regarding opening hours or marketing materials. This study summarizes policy experts' and advocates' views of TTS, including (1) advantages and disadvantages; (2) feasibility; and (3) potential implementation obstacles. This study was a qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews. Ten US states with alcoholic beverage control systems wereincluded. The participants comprised a total of 103 tobacco control advocates and professionals, public health officials, alcohol policy experts and alcohol control system representatives, including two tribal community representatives. Interviewees' perspectives on their state's alcoholic beverage control agency (ABC, the agency that oversees or operates a state alcohol monopoly) and on TTS were assessed. Interviewees thought TTS offered potential advantages, including reduced access to tobacco products, less exposure to tobacco advertising and a greater likelihood of successful smoking cessation. Some saw potential long-term health benefits for communities of color, due to the smaller number of state alcohol stores in those communities. Interviewees also raised concerns regarding TTS, including ABCs' limited focus on public health and emphasis on revenue generation, which could conflict with tobacco use reduction efforts. Some interviewees thought TTS could enhance the power of the tobacco and alcohol industries, increase calls for alcohol system privatization or create difficulties for those in recovery. In the United States, transitioning tobacco sales to state-controlled alcohol stores (TTS) could have a positive public health impact by reducing tobacco availability, marketing exposure and, ultimately, tobacco use. However, tensions exist between alcohol control system goals of providing revenue to the state and protecting public health. Should a state decide to pursue TTS, several guardrails should be established, including building into the legislation an explicit goal of reducing tobacco consumption.

Differences in Tobacco Advertising Receptivity Among Young Adults by Sexual Identity and Sex: Findings From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

Tobacco use is disproportionately high among sexual minorities (i.e., lesbian/gay and bisexual [LGB] individuals). Receptivity to tobacco advertising is an established risk factor for tobacco use among the general population, yet little research has assessed how receptivity to tobacco advertising differs based on sexual identity and sex. Additionally, studies often fail to distinguish between LGB identities, creating a monolith of sexual identity that ignores different underlying risk factors and behaviors. This study examined differences in receptivity to advertising of five tobacco product categories (any tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco) between straight/heterosexual and lesbian/gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adults by sex. We used data from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Restricted Use File. Analyses were limited to young adults (aged 18–24) with complete data on sexual identity (n= 8,839). Multivariable logistic regressions examined the association between receptivity and sexual identity, controlling for demographics, past 30-day tobacco use, and media use, stratified by sex. In the multivariable models, gay males had higher odds of receptivity to cigar advertising and gay and bisexual males had higher odds of receptivity to e-cigarette advertising, compared with straight/heterosexual males. Compared with straight/heterosexual females, bisexual females had higher odds of receptivity to advertising for all products; lesbian/gay females had higher odds of receptivity to any tobacco advertising. In conclusion, our study identified elevated receptivity to tobacco marketing among sexual minorities—particularly sexual minority women. More research is needed to understand the sources of exposure to tobacco advertising and the reasons for elevated receptivity among LGB individuals.

Adopting a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control-Based Tobacco Control Law in Ethiopia: Sustained Transnational Health Advocacy and Multi-Sectoral Institutionalized Support.

The objective of this study was to document how Ethiopia adopted a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)-based tobacco control law. We analyzed publicly available documents, including news media articles, advocacy reports, and government documents. We triangulated these findings by interviewing nine key stakeholders. Data were analyzed to construct a historical and thematic narrative and analyzed through a retrospective policy analysis. Local and international health advocacy efforts helped introduce and support WHO FCTC-based legislation by (1) educating policymakers about the WHO FCTC, (2) providing legal assistance in drafting legislation, (3) generating local data to counter industry claims, and (4) producing media advocacy to expose industry activity. Health advocates worked closely with government officials to create a multi-sectoral tobacco committee to institutionalize efforts and insulate tobacco companies from the policymaking process. Japan Tobacco International bought majority shares of the government-owned tobacco company and attempted to participate in the process, using standard industry tactics to undermine legislative efforts. However, with health advocacy assistance, government officials were able to reject these attempts and adopt a WHO FCTC-based law in 2019 that included 100% smoke-free indoor places, a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, and large pictorial health warning labels, among other provisions. Sustained local health advocacy efforts supported by international technical and financial assistance can help establish WHO FCTC-based tobacco control laws. Applying a standardized multi-sectoral approach can establish coordinating mechanisms to further institutionalize the WHO FCTC as a legal tool to build support with other government sectors and insulate the tobacco industry from the policymaking process.

A multimodal deep learning architecture for smoking detection with a small data approach.

Covert tobacco advertisements often raise regulatory measures. This paper presents that artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, has great potential for detecting hidden advertising and allows unbiased, reproducible, and fair quantification of tobacco-related media content. We propose an integrated text and image processing model based on deep learning, generative methods, and human reinforcement, which can detect smoking cases in both textual and visual formats, even with little available training data. Our model can achieve 74% accuracy for images and 98% for text. Furthermore, our system integrates the possibility of expert intervention in the form of human reinforcement. Using the pre-trained multimodal, image, and text processing models available through deep learning makes it possible to detect smoking in different media even with few training data.

Objective Characteristics and Subjective Responses of 18–24-Year-Olds to U.S. nationally Televised Tobacco Advertisements

Background: Restrictions on televised tobacco ads do not apply to vaping and oral nicotine products. Several campaigns are currently active on U.S. national television. This research examines the extent to which objective ad features are associated with ad, brand, and product appeal and use intentions among 18-24-year-olds. Methods: We identified seven unique campaigns for Vuse, Velo, and JUUL from the Mintel Comperemedia database, coded for youth-appealing content, and then randomly assigned among N = 1450 18-24-year-olds. Following exposure to one 15-second ad, participants completed a survey assessing their subjective responses. Results: Youth-appealing content was prevalent across these ads to varying degrees. Mixed effects regression analyses showed a positive association between features from the Content Appealing to Youth (CAY) index and pro-social brand perceptions, positive attitudes, reactions, and perceived effectiveness of the ad, and positive use perceptions. Moreover, themes related to customization of the device and environmental sustainability were associated with similar positive perceptions, including that using the product would be cool, as well as behavioral intentions to try, use occasionally, and use daily. Conclusions: Regulators need to update tobacco advertising restrictions to accurately reflect the current tobacco product landscape. This study contributes to the research on tobacco promotion strategies by examining the current marketing landscape for newer tobacco products and their appeal to youth. Findings from this study inform comprehensive tobacco marketing regulations, recommending the FDA update its guidelines and apply current marketing restrictions to e-cigarettes and oral nicotine products.

Cross-sectional study of the associations between the implementation of the WHO FCTC tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship bans and current e-cigarette use among youth from countries with different income levels

BackgroundThe WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) Article 13 requires countries to ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), and bans are recommended to cover electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes)....

Gender differences in use of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco products among adolescents aged 13-15 years in 20 African countries.

Examining gender differences in youth tobacco use is important as it aligns tobacco control within the context of broader human development goals seeking to eliminate gender inequalities. In this study, we examined gender differences in adolescent use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, shisha, and e-cigarettes in Africa. This was a cross-sectional study using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Our analytical sample comprised 56442 adolescents aged 13-15 years from 20 African countries. Weighted, country-specific prevalence estimates were computed overall and by gender. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were calculated in a multivariable Poisson regression model to examine whether correlates of tobacco use differed between boys and girls. Ever cigarette smoking prevalence was significantly higher among boys than girls in 16 of the 20 countries, but a significantly higher percentage of girls reported earlier age of cigarette smoking initiation than boys within pooled analysis. Some of the largest gender differences in current cigarette smoking were seen in Algeria (12.2% vs 0.8%, boys and girls, respectively), Mauritius (21.2% vs 6.6%), and Madagascar (15.0% vs 4.1%). Current use of e-cigarettes, shisha, and smokeless tobacco was generally comparable between boys and girls where data existed. Among girls, higher levels of reported exposure to tobacco advertisement were positively associated with shisha smoking whereas perceived tobacco harm was inversely associated with current cigarette and shisha smoking. Among boys, perceived social acceptability of smoking at parties was associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking (APR=2.27; 95% Cl: 1.20-4.30). The prevalence of cigarette smoking among boys was higher than that of girls in many countries. However, girls who smoke tend to start at an earlier age than boys. Differential gender patterns of cigarette and non-cigarette tobacco product use among youth may have implications for future disease burden. As the tobacco control landscape evolves, tobacco prevention efforts should focus on all tobacco products, not just cigarettes.

Heated tobacco products and cigarette marketing in nightclubs in Gdansk, Poland: A mixed-methods analysis.

Although advertising and promotion of tobacco products in Poland are prohibited, tobacco companies exploit legal loopholes and insufficient enforcement of the laws to conduct their marketing. To reach young adults, advertisements are placed in entertainment and social venues. This aspect of tobacco product marketing in Poland remains under-researched. The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of advertising and promotion of tobacco products in nightclubs in Gdansk, a large city in northern Poland. We conducted a single-center observational study of nightclubs in Gdansk, between July and October 2022. Two independent observers visited 30 nightclubs and collected information using pre-prepared research form. The occurrences of tobacco branded bar accessories, logo signs, package displays and other forms of advertising and promotion were recorded. Where possible, photographs of visible marketing displays were taken. Advertising of tobacco products was present in 2/3 of the nightclubs observed. The most commonly advertised product category were heated tobacco products. Tobacco brand representatives promoted and offered consumers free tobacco product samples. Multi-level marketing activities were observed, including tobacco branded bar accessories, prominent sale points and tobacco brand logo signs. The majority of nightclubs observed in Gdansk advertise and promote tobacco products. The ban on tobacco advertising and promotion is being violated in nightclubs, where the most commonly advertised products are heated tobacco products. The authorities should take steps to extend the bans to cover private promotion and enforce the law to protect high-risk individuals from smoking initiation and relapse.

Association between exposure to tobacco information through mass media, smoking households and secondhand smoke exposure in adolescents: Survey data from South Korea.

To explore the current situation of exposure of Korean adolescents to secondhand smoke (SHS) in households our study aimed to determine the relationship between family member smoking status, exposure to tobacco information through mass media, and household SHS exposure. The present study uses pooled data from the Korean adolescent health behavior online survey conducted in 2015, 2018 and 2021, with 157944 participants. The regression models were used to explore the association between the smoking status of households, and exposure to tobacco information through mass media, and household SHS exposure in adolescents, controlling for potential confounding factors. SHS exposure duration of Korean adolescents in households was 0.88 days per week. The households with smokers including the father (β=1.087; 95% CI: 1.0-1.126), mother (β=1.461; 95% CI: 1.379- 1.543), siblings (β=0.545; 95% CI: 0.493-0.597), grandparents (β=0.224; 95% CI: 0.174-0.272), and other relatives (β=0.170; 95% CI: 0.126-0.214), showed a positive association with SHS exposure in adolescents within the household. At the same time, information about anti-smoking ads on television (β= -0.042; 95% CI: -0.069 - -0.015) and public transportation (β= -0.031; 95% CI: -0.054 - -0.010), showed a negative association with SHS exposure in adolescents. However, broadcasts, online, and newspaper non-smoking ads were not associated with SHS exposure (p>0.05). In addition, regression models revealed that exposure to cigarette advertising in magazines (β=0.131; 95% CI: 0.097-0.166), networks (β=0.151; 95% CI: 0.127-0.175), convenience stores (β=0.061; 95% CI: 0.035-0.087), and supermarkets (β=0.133; 95% CI: 0.108-0.158) is associated with SHS exposure in adolescents. Finally, our study showed stronger ties between SHS exposure, family smoking, and tobacco ads in girls. The link between maternal smoking, supermarket ads, and adolescent SHS exposure intensified in 2021 compared to 2015. Family and media were identified as potential factors associated with SHS exposure in adolescents. Therefore, publicity and education regarding household SHS hazards, and smoking bans in media, can be helpful in protecting adolescents from SHS.

Why do youths initiate to smoke? A data mining analysis on tobacco advertising, peer, and family factors for Indonesian youths

Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), Indonesia showed that 60,9 % of students noticed cigarette advertisements or promotions in outdoor media. Our study aimed to understand the impact of outdoor tobacco advertising and peer and family association with Youth's smoking behavior.This study deployed a cross-sectional approach to explore factors related to youth smoking behavior, such as peers, family, and tobacco advertising. The GYTS questionnaire was adapted as the instrument and distributed to 400 students from 20 high schools to observe smoking behavior. The chosen schools based on the previous study whose classify school in hot-spot and non hot-spot area. This study applied a data mining approach with a decision tree to generate the models.This study generates a decision tree model that describes the peer factor as the key to introducing Youth to smoking. The model also reveals that youth in the non-hotspot advertising area are not likely to develop Youth to smoke. The model has a performance classification of 77.5 % This study found that youth with smoking fathers are more likely to start smoking earlier, youth whose both parents are smokers, and mothers who are smokers have a confidence level of 100 % to smoke. Further research is warranted to investigate rural districts to explore any regional and socioeconomic variations.

An expenditure analysis revealing how Philip Morris advertisements coincide with tobacco policymaking in Switzerland.

Prior research has linked media tobacco promotion to increased tobacco use and favorable perceptions of tobacco products. Switzerland's tobacco lobby employs advertisements to sway policy decisions in its favor, yet no recent research has assessed this in detail. Our study aims to provide detailed estimates of tobacco industry (TI) advertisement costs, focusing on Philip Morris International (PMI) in Switzerland, and examine potential chronological links between TI advertisement campaigns and parliamentary discussions on tobacco bills. By spreading knowledge on this issue, we aim to support the development of future tobacco advertisement regulations. We conducted an expenditure analysis of tobacco-related press advertisements in Swiss print media published between August 2020 and August 2021, accessed through the media intelligence firm Argus Data Insights. Advertisement costs were estimated using publicly available data. We plotted expenditure sums of PMI against key parliamentary session dates featuring discussions on proposed tobacco control measures, such as tighter restrictions on advertising. Over 12 months, 501 advertisements with tobacco-specific headlines were published in Swiss press media. Of these, 437 advertisements (87.22%) were linked to PMI. PMI accounted for 88.21% (CHF 6486969) of total advertisement expenditure. Notably, PMI advertisements coincided with key political sessions discussing tobacco legislation in parliament, with a limited presence outside these periods. PMI advertisements were published parallel to key moments of parliamentary discussions, suggesting an attempt by TI to potentially influence discussions. Applying such an advertisement monitoring methodology helps understand the contextual conditions of public health in Switzerland. By analyzing TI advertisements in print media, we sought to highlight regulatory gaps and support the creation of stricter advertising regulations. We recommend continuing such research to strengthen tobacco control policymaking. Key public health efforts should include raising awareness of TI tactics, implementing a comprehensive ban on tobacco advertising, and strategically engaging with the media in tobacco control campaigns.

Exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages among adults in China: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2018.

For decades, tobacco advertisements and promotions have been common in mass media and public places in China. In 2015, China amended the Advertising Law to prohibit the distribution of tobacco advertising, while also initiating waves of tobacco control media campaigns. This study investigates the associations between exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages, smoking status, and people's smoking-related beliefs and willingness to support tobacco control policies. A secondary data analysis was performed with the 2018 Global Adult Tobacco Survey of 19,376 adults aged ≥15 years in China. Anti- and pro-smoking message exposures were measured as the sum of sources (media or places) where respondents have seen the messages. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among smoking status, message exposure, and the outcome variables (health harm beliefs, support for increasing tax on cigarettes, support for using part of the increased tax on tobacco control) controlling for smoking status and demographic differences. Overall, 63.3% of the respondents reported being exposed to anti-smoking messages from at least 1 source, while 18.1% were exposed to pro-smoking messages from at least 1 source. Adults who currently, formerly, and never smoked differed in their beliefs about smoking and willingness to support tobacco control policies. Greater reported exposure to anti-smoking messages was positively associated with belief that smoking is harmful, support for increased cigarette tax, and support for using increased tax revenue for tobacco control measures. Meanwhile, greater reported exposure to pro-smoking messages was negatively related to willingness to support cigarette tax increases. While national and local tobacco control campaigns in China have reached a large proportion of the adult population, there is still room for improvement. China might consider expanding anti-tobacco campaigns, as reported exposure to these messages is associated with increased public awareness of the health hazards of smoking and support for increasing cigarette taxes.