TNF-α In Patients Research Articles

Activity of TNF-α in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis

The aim of the study was to study the activity of TNF-α in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis. The study included 86 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of acute edematous pancreatitis (group 1) and 36 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (group 2). A separate control group consisted of 70 conditionally healthy people, in whom laboratory and instrumental indices were determined similar to those in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis. According to the aim and objectives of the study, we analyzed the levels of amylase, lipase and TNF-α. The level of amylase in group 1 was 1664.1±185.2 U/L and was significantly (p<0.01) different from the same indicator in group 2 (81.2±40.2 U/L) and in the control group (75.2±23.2 U/L). A similar trend was observed in the study of lipase levels in all groups. Thus, the level of lipase in group 1 was 1058.5±120.7 U/L and was significantly (p<0.01) different from the same indicator in group 2 (37.6±22.1 U/L) and in the control group (42.7±13.8 U/L). At the same time, there was no significant difference between the indicators of group 2 and the control group (p>0.05). Regarding the levels of TNF- α, its highest rates were observed in group 1 - 65.2±7.8 pg/mL. In group 2, the level of this marker was 52.5±6.2 pg/mL, and in the control group - 48.9±5.6 pg/mL. In a statistical analysis, it turned out that the level of TNF-α was significantly higher (p<0.05) in group 1 than in group 2 and the control group. Although we noted an increase in the numerical index of the level of TNF-α in group 2, however, there was no significant difference between this indicator in group 2 and the control group (p>0.05). So, in acute pancreatitis, the levels of TNF-α were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in chronic pancreatitis, but its concentration did not correlate with other studied parameters.

Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and High Sensitive C-Reactive protein as Biomarkers in Periodontitis in Iraqi Patients with Osteoarthritis

Background: Periodontitis (PD) is well-known chronic disease affecting the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease with compound reasons characterized by synovial inflammation, subchondral bone remodeling, also the formation of osteophytes, that cause cartilage degradation. Chronic periodontitis and osteoarthritis are considered widely prevalent diseases and related to tissue destruction due to chronic inflammation in general health and oral health. The aim of this study is todetermine the association of chronic periodontitis and osteoarthritits in patients by analysing tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFα and high sensitive c-reactive protein (hsCRP) in the serum. Materials and Method: A total of 80 patients of both sexes aged 35-50 years ,30 patients with osteoarthritis and moderate chronic periodontitis (CP+OA), 30 patients of both sexes aged 35-50 years with moderate chronic periodontitis alone (CP). And control group (C) of 20 healthy patients with healthy periodontium participated in this cross sectional study. we excluded the postmenopausal and pregnant woman from female patient and smoker patient also. All patients are free of medication and have good general health with no history of systemic disease. Participants with OA have documentation or radiographic imaging, consistent with degenerative arthritis in the absence of an inflammatory condition. Venous blood samples were drawn from each subject using pyrogen-free heparinized collection tubes. Tubes were centrifuged according to the manufacturer’s guidelines, then stored at -15°C till analyse. serum TNFα and hs CRP were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A non-significant differences between studied group regarding serum level of hsCRP and TNF-α, as well as, the result revealed that the median of serum levels of hsCRP were little higher in chronic periodontitis with osteoarthritis group than chronic periodontitis group and control groups represent as 0.31, 0.29, and 0.24. Similarly, the medium serum level of TNFα was higher in chronic periodontitis with OAthan in other two groups (10.615, 10.533, and 9.682 respectively). The age and gender showed a non-significant difference between the groups Conclusion: The present study revealed that there’s a strong positive correlation between serum levels of hsCRP and TNFα in patients of all groups but there is no correlation between Osteoarthritis and chronic periodontitis.

Analysis of the influence of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy on the serum levels of CRP, IL-1 and TNF-αin patients with upper ureteral calculi

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy (URSL) on ureteral calculi and the effect on serum CRP, IL-1, TNF-αlevels. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of patients with upper ureteral calculi from February 2015 to October 2016 in our hospital was performed. All patients were divided into ureteroscopy lithotripsy group (URSL group) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy group.The general situation of the two groups were observed. The levels of serum inflammatory factors, urinary function and quality of life were compared between the two groups before and after operation. Results The operation time and hematuria time of URSL group were shorter than those of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (t=27.415, 12.018, P<0.001). The stone free rate was higher than that in the percutaneous nephrolithotomy group.The level of inflammatory factors in the two groups had no difference before treatment, after treatment, the level of CRP, TNF-α, NF-κB alpha and IL-1 of the URSL group were lower than those of percutaneous nephrolithotomy group. The IPSS score of patients in URSL group was lower than that of percutaneous nephrolithotomy group at 1 month and 3 months after operation, and Qmax was higher than that of percutaneous nephrolithotomy group.There was no difference in quality of life between the two groups before operation. After operation, the quality of life score of URSL group was higher than that of percutaneous nephrolithotomy group in the 3 months after operation. Conclusions URSL has a good effect on the treatment of upper ureteral calculi, it can reduce postoperative serum CRP, IL-1, TNF-αlevel, im- prove the quality of life. Key words: Ureteral Calculi; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; Ureteroscopy; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Interleukin-1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Lower serum levels of Meteorin-like/Subfatin in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are negatively associated with insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines.

Meteorin-like (Metrnl) is a newly discovered adipokine with favorable effect on insulin sensitivity. Previous studies have reported lower levels of Metrnl in obese patients. However, there is conflicting data regarding its circulating levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and there is no data in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Metrnl serum level in patients with T2DM and CAD, and also to evaluate the serum levels of Metrnl with serum levels of adiponectin, IL-6 and TNF-α in patients. This study was conducted on 66 patients with CAD, 63 T2DM patients and 41 controls. The serum levels of Metrnl, adiponectin, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured using ELISA techniques. The serum levels of Metrnl were found to be lower in CAD (75.18 ± 28.48 pg/mL) and T2DM patients (73.89 ± 33.60 pg/mL) compared to the control group (95.33 ± 32.56 pg/mL) (p < 0.005 and p<0.003, respectively). Additionally, adiponectin decreased in CAD and T2DM patients as compared to the control group, while IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in CAD and T2DM patients. Metrnl showed independent association with the risk of CAD and T2DM presence. Furthermore, Metrnl illustrated a negative correlation with IL-6 and TNF-α in both CAD patients and also with BMI, insulin resistance, IL-6 and TNF-α in T2DM patients. Metrnl showed an association with CAD and T2DM presence and with components of their pathogenesis such as inflammation and insulin resistance. These results suggested a possible interaction between Metrnl and the pathogenesis of CAD and T2DM, however more studies are needed to prove this concept.

Correlations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level in patients with ulcerative colitis with inflammation level, immunity and disease activity.

To investigate the correlations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) level in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammation level, immunity, disease activity. The serum level of 25-OHD3, inflammation status, immunity level and disease activity in patients (n=122) with UC in our hospital from 2015 to October 2017 were evaluated and analyzed. The levels of inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] in low 25-OHD3 group were higher than those in non-low 25-OHD3 group (p<0.01 and p<0.05), and both expressions of CRP and TNF-α in patients presented linearly negative correlations with the level of 25-OHD3 (r²=0.8351, r²=0.7298). There were no significant differences in the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement C3 in low 25-OHD3 group compared with those in non-low 25-OHD3 group (p>0.05). There was an overall decreasing trend of 25-OHD3 level as disease activity increased, and there were statistically significant differences in the levels of 25-OHD3 in each group in remission period and mild, moderate and severe activity periods. The disease activity score of patients showed a linearly negative correlation with the level of 25-OHD3 (r²=0.8465). The level of 25-OHD3 in the observation group (treated with mesalazine combined with vitamin D) was increased with the time of medication, and the level was higher than that in the control group (treated with mesalazine only). CRP, TNF-α, and disease activity score in the observation group were decreased with the time of medication, and the level was lower than that in the control group. The level of 25-OHD3 in UC patients is linearly correlated with the level of inflammation and disease activity. At the same time, combined treatment with vitamin D improves the reducing level of inflammation and limits the disease activity. Therefore, 25-OHD3 can be used in the assessment of the level of inflammation and disease activity, and as a potential tool in the treatment.

Effect of evidence-based nursing combined with nutritional intervention on serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in patients after combined laparoscopic-endoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer

Effect of evidence-based nursing combined with nutritional intervention on serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in patients after combined laparoscopic-endoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer

PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC PALVIC PAIN AND PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

The article presents the pathophysiological features of the chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women with pelvic inflammatory diseases. Multidisciplinary approaches to treatment, rehabilitation, drug therapy, physiotherapy and psychological rehabilitation are presented.Materials and methods. 90 women with pelvic inflammatory diseases were examined. The main group consisted of 50 women with CPP (I group) and 40 patients with painless course II group (comparison group). In assessing the pain syndrome, a visual analogue scale (VAS), a McGill pain questioner (MPQ), a Taylor scale, a Hamilton scale were used. The levels of luteotropic hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, testosterone, DHEA- sulfate, and cytokines (IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured in serum.Results and discussion. The significantly increased level of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α in patients of the I group compared with II group (p &lt;0,001), correlated with the duration of CPP, pelvic pain intensity VAS with a severe degree of depressive disorders, and a violation of hormone-endocrine ratios. The established pathophysiological disturbances were the basis for determining the therapeutic tactics of CPP by pelvic inflammatory diseases.Conclusions. The proposed therapeutic tactics contributed to the regression of the pain syndrome at 1, 3 and 6 months according to VAS 34,61%; 62,84% and 100%. The psychoemotional status improved by 88,3% of women, decrease in reactive anxiety and depressive disorders by 84,7% of patients, which indicates a high clinical effectiveness of the developed method of treatment.

Association between IL-15 and insulin plasmatic concentrations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes

IL-15 is part of the immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) but amazingly, it may also induce physiological effects similar to those of insulin. We evaluated the IL-15 and insulin plasmatic levels in adults with PTB and with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), who received previous antituberculosis therapy for at least 2 months. We analyzed the concentrations of glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, as well as levels of IL-15, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in patients with PTB, patients with PTB-DM2, household contacts with DM2 (C-DM2), and healthy household contacts (H-C). Our results showed unexpected high levels of glucose, insulin, and IL-15 in the PTB and C-DM2 groups. In comparison, low levels of these same indicators were observed in the PTB-DM2 and H-C groups. Interestingly, our analysis showed a positive correlation of IL-15 with insulin in the PTB group (r = 0.73) and in the C-DM2 group (r = 0.66). In comparison, a weak correlation between IL-15 and insulin was observed in the PTB-DM group (r = 0.10) and in the H-C group (ρ = 0.26). Our results suggest an association between IL-15 and insulin levels in the patient with PTB. Intriguingly, this association was weaker in the patient with PTB-DM2.

Inhibition of TNFα in peritoneal fluids of patients following colorectal resection attenuates the postoperative stress-related increase in colon cancer cell migration: A prospective, in vitro study

Background and objectivesSurgical trauma in patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection generates local and systemic inflammatory responses that can affect oncological outcomes. Post-operative peritoneal fluids of patients undergoing colorectal surgery increase the pro-malignant effect of cancer cells in vitro with correlation to elevated TNFα in these fluids. This study evaluated whether inhibiting TNFα in patients' postoperative fluid biopsies would attenuate this effect. MethodsPeritoneal fluids from 53 patients undergoing colorectal surgery were sampled before and daily after surgery via intra-abdominal drains. Fluid biopsies were evaluated for their impact on the migration capacity of colon cancer cells and for cytokine levels. TNFα was inhibited using infliximab and cell migration was reevaluated. ResultsColon cancer migration capacity was increased in postoperative fluid biopsies from all patients (P < 0.005) and was elevated compared to pre-resection levels. Infliximab attenuated this effect in >90%, decreasing migration capacity by 30% (p < 0.001). ConclusionsInhibition of TNFα in postoperative peritoneal fluids attenuates the increase in cancer cell migration capacity generated following colorectal resection.These findings correlate with other studies suggesting that attenuation of the post-operative inflammatory response may have oncological benefit.Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the effect of peri-operative TNFα inhibition in clinical settings.

Comparison of serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β and TNF-α in coronary artery diseases, stable angina and participants with normal coronary artery

Cytokines, which typically regulate the immune responses, play a role in cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery diseases (CAD) and ischemic heart diseases (IHD). The aims of this study were to evaluate serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β and TNF-α in patients with or without CAD, as well as stable angina, and to assess the effects of drug administration on the serum levels of these cytokines. Serum levels of the cytokines were analyzed in the three groups: patients with acute coronary syndrome, stable angina and participants with normal coronary arteries as controls. Cohort study of the patients showed that Nitrocontin was the only drug used in a significantly different pattern between the groups where it was used less frequently in patients with stable angina compared to the acute coronary syndrome or control groups. Serum levels of the evaluated cytokines were not different neither between the studied groups nor between the groups with variable Gensini scores. However, IL-8 in controls that were not engaged in regular exercise was higher than the controls performing regular exercise. In the stable angina group, TNF-α in non-smokers was higher than the smokers. It was revealed that serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are not associated with atherosclerosis and stable angina in patients from the South-East of Iran. However, suppressed expression of TGF-β, may increase the risk of CAD. Exercise can reduce the risk of CAD through downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Significance of Serum Soluble Fas (sFas/CD95) and Tumor Necrosis Factor- Alpha (TNF-α) in Radiologically Diagnosed Patients with Uterine Leiomyoma

Leiomyoma is a common benign tumor of female reproductive system arising from the smooth muscle cells of uterus. About 17.8% of females in 40s age group and 77% of hysterectomies found to have leiomyoma. It affects females in reproductive age and cause pelvic pain, abortion, infertility, menorrhagia which in some cases ends by hysterectomy. In this study the extrinsic apoptotic pathway was evaluated in patients with uterine leiomyoma by measuring serum soluble Fas (sFas) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFα) in both patients and control healthy women. Forty patients with leiomyoma from 22-52 years old were involved in this study. Forty apparently healthy, their ages matched volunteers were selected as a control. Four ml of venous blood sample was obtained from each, serum was separated and serum concentration of sFas and TNFα measured using ELISA technique. There was a highly significant increase in serum concentration of TNF-α in patients with leiomyoma (mean 0.579pg/ml ± SE 0.039) than control group (mean 0.120pg/ml ± SE 0.007), also there was a highly significant increase in serum concentration of sFas of patient (mean 0.326pg/ml ± SE 0.028) compared to control healthy subjects (mean 0.126pg/ml ± 0.025). Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve for determination of TNFα and sFas cutoff value shows that TNFα has cutoff value of ≥0.220pg/ml with 97.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity for leiomyoma and accuracy rate of 99.6%. The sFas cutoff value is ≥0.154pg/ml with 80% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity for leiomyoma and accuracy rate of 87.4%.

Effect of revascularization on IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of revascularization in treating patients with thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), to analyze the prognosis of TAO. The treatment group comprised 32 patients with TAO of lower limbs who were selected between March 2012 and March 2017. Patients in the treatment group were treated with revascularization (vascular bypass surgery, catheter-directed thrombolysis and angioplasty, endovascular angioplasty + stening, thromboectomy and/or endarterectomy) + Western medicine. Another 33 patients with TAO who were treated with Western medicine alone comprised the control group. Treatment outcomes were compared between the groups. Serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also detected and compared between the groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors related to prognosis. Compared with control group, treatment outcomes were significantly better in the treatment group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α significantly decreased in both groups, and the decrease in the treatment group was more significant (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that vascular bypass surgery and preoperative ischemic degree are associated with treatment effect. Our results show that revascularization treatment of TAO is conducive to clinical symptoms and dysfunction of inflammatory cytokines, and the type of surgery and surgical timing significantly affect treatment outcomes.

Curative effect of minimally invasive surgery on palmar and foot hyperhidrosis and its influence on serum-related cytokines and immunoglobulins

The curative effect of minimally invasive surgery on palmar and foot hyperhidrosis and its influence on serum-related cytokines and immunoglobulins were investigated. Seventy-six patients with palmar and foot hyperhidrosis admitted to Yunnan University Hospital from August 2014 to July 2016 were selected and randomly divided into control group (n=38) and observation group (n=38) using a random number table. Patients in control group received drug therapy, while those in observation group underwent laparoscopic thoracic-4 sympathetic chain combined with thoracic-3 branch amputation. The therapeutic effects of patients in the two groups were compared. The levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of patients in the two groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before treatment and at one week after treatment. The levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM were detected by immunoturbidimetry. The quality of life (QOL) in patients was evaluated by quality-of-life index (iQOL) before and after treatment. The total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The serum levels of CRP, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α of patients in the two groups were higher at one week after treatment than those before treatment (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). At one week after treatment, IgG, IgM and IgA levels of patients in the two groups were remarkably increased (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, the iQQL scores of patients in the two groups were significantly decreased, and iQQL score in observation group was decreased more significantly compared with that in control group (P<0.05). Compared with drug therapy, minimally invasive surgery is more effective in the treatment of palmar and foot hyperhidrosis with smaller trauma and inflammatory reaction, and it has less influence on serum immunoglobulin levels, which is conducive to the rehabilitation of patients.

Effects of carbamazepine combined with vitamin B12 on levels of plasma homocysteine, hs-CRP and TNF-α in patients with epilepsy.

The efficacy of carbamazepine combined with vitamin B12 in epilepsy treatment by comparing levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy), serum TNF-α and hs-CRP in patients with epilepsy before and after treatment was investigated. Fifty-eight patients with epilepsy who were admitted and received treatment in The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou were recruited as subjects, and fifty-eight healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. Patients were treated with carbamazepine combined with vitamin B12 for a period of three months. The mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and hs-CRP in serum were measured before and after treatment using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The plasma Hcy levels were measured as well. Within one year after the 3-month treatment, the frequency and duration of seizure were tracked. After treatment with carbamazepine combined with vitamin B12 for patients with epilepsy, the Hcy level was significantly higher than that before treatment and that in the control group (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and hs-CRP in serum were significantly higher in patients than that in healthy people (P<0.01). After treatment these levels were reduced (P<0.01), but still higher than those in healthy people (P<0.05, P<0.01). After treatment, the frequency and duration of seizures were all reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01). The results suggested that carbamazepine combined with vitamin B12 was effective in treatment of epilepsy by reducing levels of TNF-α and hs-CRP in the serum, but had a risk of increasing the Hcy level.

Salivary levels of TNF-α in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A cross-sectional study.

Background. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a disorder characterized by recurring ulcers involving the oral mucosa in patients with no other signs of disease. The current concept of etiopathogenesis is that RAS is a clinical syndrome with several possible etiologies. The process seen in RAS is probably initiated through an as yet unidentified antigenic stimulation of the mucosal keratinocytes, which stimulates secretion of T-cell activation cytokines ‒ interleukins and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α causes inflammation by its effect on endothelial cell adhesion and neutrophil chemotaxis. The rele-vance of TNF-α to the pathogenesis of RAS has stemmed from the observations that anti- TNF-α drugs such as thalidomide and pentoxifylline have been found to be effective in the treatment of RAS. Therefore, the present study was an attempt to measure the levels of salivary TNF-α in patients with RAS, which will reflect the local production of cytokines at the site of the disease. The aim was to evaluate the salivary levels of TNF-α in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Methods. The study comprised of 60 subjects, of whom 30 clinically proven RAS patients of either sex were selected as cases and 30 healthy, age- and gender- matched subjects were selected as controls. After taking informed consent, 5 mL of unstimulated saliva were collected from both the study and control group subjects. Determination of salivary TNF-α levels was carried out by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and expressed in pg/mL. Statistical analysis of the RAS and control groups was carried out using unpaired t-test. Gender-wise comparison of salivary TNF-α levels in the study and control groups was carried out using one-way ANOVA. Results. Mean salivary TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the RAS group compared to the control group (P<0.001). It was also revealed that the mean salivary TNF-α levels in females were significantly higher than in males in the study group (PP<0.05). Conclusion. It is fair to suggest that TNF-α plays a very important mediatory role in the pathogenesis of RAS and may play an important role in the search for a definitive treatment for the disease.

Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Markers of Inflammation in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Controversial Issue.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global problem which contributes to a significant morbidity and mortality in China. Concomitant inflammatory state further boosts the mortality due to cardiovascular events in patients with CKD undergoing dialysis. There is a general notion that Omega-3 fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) have certain health benefits perhaps via the regulation of inflammation. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acids in patients with CKD is controversial. We analyzed the data of oral supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in CKD patients by searching literature on database from inception to August 2016. The analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) derived from multiple databases, and the effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation versus the control cohorts were compared. All of the data analysis was calculated by RevMan 5.2. A total of 12 RCTs involving 487 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Among them 254 patients received omega-3 fatty acids and 233 patients served as controls who received placebo. The meta-analysis revealed no statistical significance in serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.44 to 0.05; P = 0.11), IL-6 (SMD, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.33 to 0.33; P = 0.99) and TNF-α (SMD, 0.14; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.44; P = 0.38) between the omega-3 fatty acids supplementation group and control. This suggested that there is insufficient evidence to conclude the benefit of omega-3 fatty acids oral supplementation in reducing serum levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with CKD.

Influence of Bailing capsule on the serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-18, TNF-α in patients with chronic kidney disease

Objective To observe the influence of Bailing capsule on the serum levels of hs-CRP, IL-18, TNF-α in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods According to the digital table, 56 CKD patients were randomly divided into the control group(28 cases) and treatment group(treated with Bailing capsules, 28 cases). Meanwhile, 20 healthy adults were selected as the normal controls.The blood concentrations of hs-CRP, IL-18, TNF-α, Scr and BUN were determined. Results The levels of hs-CRP, IL-18, TNF-α, Scr and BUN in CKD patients were significantly higher than those in the normal control[(5.99±2.67)mg/L, (6.17±2.23)mg/L vs.(2.27±2.16)mg/L, (44.43±7.54)μg/L, (46.54±8.63)μg/L vs.(11.42±3.32)μg/L, (95.22±34.65)ng/L, (105.48±33.25)ng/L vs.(21.34±10.10)ng/L, (6.86±2.97)mmol/L, (6.89±2.85)mmol/L vs.(5.32±2.43)mmol/L, (98.47±28.85) μmol/L, (95.46±27.83)μmol/L vs.(75.45±28.20)μmol/L, all P 0.05), while those were significantly decreased with Bailing capsule treatment (t=-2.77, -3.81, -4.71, -2.06, all P<0.05). Conclusion The renal inflammation can be alleviated by Bailing capsule in CKD patients, which can slow the progression of CKD. Key words: Bailing capsule; Chronic kidney disease; Inflammatory factor

Validation of the ELISA Method for Quantitative Detection of TNF-α in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

AIM:We aimed to investigate the sensitivity, reproducibility and validity of the commercial ELISA kits for quantitative detection of TNF-α and their potential application for screening purposes in patients with ICH.METHODS:Analysis of six independent standard series, evaluation of the deviation of the TNF-α concentration in patients with ICH, standard addition and visual analysis of whole UV-Vis spectra were carefully performed.RESULTS:Low standard deviations of the absorbance were detected for every standard, as well as in the samples of healthy controls and patients with ICH. The standard addition series have also confirmed high sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay, with a congruent shift of the standard curves with the concentration of TNF-α for the added plasma. The visual analyses of the gained spectra have revealed the absence of any matrix effects from the addition of the human plasma in the reconstituted standards.CONCLUSION:The commercial ELISA kits can be used in the clinical practice for screening purposes of the plasma TNF-α levels in patients with ICH.

Profiling of pro-inflammatory cytokines in radiation induced oral mucositis (riom) among indian patients

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is aimed at evaluating the expression of NF-κβ, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in patients with RIOM so as to validate their role in the pathobiology of the disease. Blood samples were collected and serum of 45 patients isolated with clinical signs and symptoms of mucositis and 10 healthy controls were also included in the study. The expression level of NF-κβ, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α was investigated using ELISA. Mann Whitney U test was applied to find the significance of the expression of these markers in RIOM patients as compared to normal healthy controls and significant expression (P&lt; 0.05) for NF-κβ, IL-6, TNF-α and non-significant expression (P &gt; 0.05) IL-1α and IL-8 was found. No significant change in the expression level of the cytokines was observed for patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy as well as those receiving only the radiation therapy as a part of their treatment. We have also found less expression in grade 1 of mucositis as compared to grade 4. Pro- inflammatory cytokines indeed play a vital role in the pathogenesis as well as progression of RIOM.

Systematic evaluation on effectiveness and safety of recombinant human growth hormone in treating adult patients with severe burn

Objective: To systcmatically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in treating adults with severe burn. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched using key words " burns, thermal, human growth hormone, growth hormone, hGH, and somatropin (human)" , and China Biology Medicine disc, Chinese Journals Full-text Database, VIP Database, and Wanfang Database were searched using key words in Chinese version "," to obtain the randomized controlled trials about rhGH in the treatment of adults with severe burn from the establishment of each database to December 2016. The measurement indexes included hemoglobin (Hb) and plasma total protein, inflammatory factors [including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)], incidence rate of sepsis, incidence rate of hyperglycemia, wound healing time, length of stay, and mortality rate. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 statistical software. Results: A total of 8 trials involving 534 patients were included; 276 patients in rhGH group were treated with rhGH and 258 patients in placebo control group were treated with placebo. One trial had low risk of bias, while the other 7 trials had unclear risk of bias. The levels of Hb and plasma total protein of patients in rhGH group were higher than those in placebo control group, with standardized mean differences (SMDs) respectively 2.00 and 2.23 [with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) respectively 0.19-3.82 and 1.21-3.26, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α of patients in rhGH group were lower than those in placebo control group, with SMDs respectively -1.46 and -1.13 (with 95% CIs respectively -2.40--0.53 and -1.75--0.51, P values below 0.05). Incidence rate of sepsis and mortality rate of patients in rhGH group were lower than those in placebo control group, with relative risks (RRs) respectively 0.60 and 0.35 (with 95% CIs respectively 0.42-0.85 and 0.15-0.83, P values below 0.05). Incidence rate of hyperglycemia of patients in rhGH group was higher than that in placebo control group, with RR of 2.39 (with 95% CI 1.79-3.18, P<0.001). The wound healing time and length of stay of patients in rhGH group were lower than those in control group, with SMDs respectively -1.54 and -2.00 (with 95% CIs respectively -2.22--0.86 and -3.51--0.49, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Hb, plasma total protein, inflammatory factors, incidence rate of sepsis, wound healing time, length of stay, and mortality rate showed no significant publication bias (P values above 0.05), while there may be publication bias in incidence rate of hyperglycemia (P=0.026). Conclusions: rhGH can inhibit the breakdown of Hb and plasma total protein, reduce the level of inflammatory factors and incidence rate of sepsis, thus shorten the wound healing time and length of stay, thereby reduce mortality rate of adult patients with severe burn. However rhGH may cause hyperglycemia.