TMs Method Research Articles

STABILITY OF VISCOUS FLOW IN A CURVED CHANNEL WITH RADIAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENT

In this paper, the stability of Dean’s problem in the presence of a radial temperature gradient is studied for narrow gap case. The analytical solution of the eigen value problem is obtained by using the Galerkin’s method. The critical values of parameters and Λ are computed, where  is wave number and Λ is a parameter determining the onset of stability from the obtained analytical expressions for the first, second and third approximations. It is found that the difference between the numerical values of critical Λ corresponding to the second and third approximations is very small as compared to the difference between first and second approximations. The critical values of Λ obtained by the third approximation agree very well with the earlier results computed numerically by using the finite difference method. This clearly indicates that for the better result one should obtain the numerical values by taking more terms in approximation. Also, the amplitude of the radial velocity and the cell-patterns are shown on the graphs for different values of the parameter M, which depends on difference of temperatures of outer cylinder to the inner one i.e. on (), where is the temperature of inner cylinder and  is the temperature of outer cylinder.

Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Composite Membrane by an Aqueous Sol-Gel Method

The composite membranes were prepared by sol-gel process, and the membrane potential has been measured for characterizing the ion-transport phenomena across a charged membrane using electrolytes (KCl, NaCl and LiCl). The membrane potential offered by the electrolytes is in the order of LiCl>NaCl>KCl. The results have been used to estimate fixed-charge density, distribution coefficient, charge effectiveness and transport properties of electrolytes of this membrane. The fixed-charge density is the most important parameter, governing transport phenomena in membranes. It is estimated by the TMS method; it is dependent on the feed composition due to the preferential adsorption of some ions. The results indicate that the applied pressure is also an important variable to modify the charge density and, in turn, the performance of membrane. The experimental results for membrane potential are quite consistent with the theoretical prediction. The morphology of the membrane surface is studied by Scanning Electron Micrographs (SEM).

Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Parameters in Linkage. Numerical Iterative Methods

Taking into account the advantages of Maximum Likelihood Method (most precise estimation), the statistical properties of MLEs (unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency, invariance, asymptotic normality) this paper aim is to present MLE in the context of estimate the recombination fraction r in linkage analysis. Maximum Likelihood Method follows some steps: specifies the likelihood function; takes derivatives of likelihood with respect to the parameters; sets the derivatives equal to zero and finally generates a likelihood equation , that maximized provides the most precise estimation of the recombination fraction. Generally, it is solved by iterative procedures, if no, closed form solution exists for likelihood equation . In this work we discuss comparatively two iterative optimization methods useful in computing MLE of the recombination fraction: Newton-Raphson method and Fisher’s Method of Scoring. We implemented these two methods in Maple application and we illustrated them by an example: the estimation of the recombination fraction in the case of the Morgan (1909) experiment on fruit flies. The Maple code for these two methods connected with the Morgan example is given in the appendix. We can not guarantee which of the two presented methods give us an optimal maximum. Â

A METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON PROVIDING EMOTIONAL SUPPORT TO MENTAL HEALTH STUDENT NURSES IN THE WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH

The mental health care environment is a stressful nursing environment. The purpose of the study was to develop a model of emotional support for student nurses working in the mental health care environment. The objectives were set in two phases: Phase one- identification of concepts; Phase two- development of a model of emotional support for student nurses. A theory-generating design based on a qualitative, explorative and descriptive research approach was used to purposively collect data from 40 nursing students using focus group discussions and eight educators and nine clinical staff by way of semi structured interviews. Data was analysed by means of Tesch’s method of content analysis. The model was developed by means of the four steps. Step one: concept development consisting of concept identification and concept definition. A total of 22 concepts were identified which were synthesised into six main concepts- namely: positive self-concept; positive work environment; academic and professional development; effective communication; formal and informal supportive interventions and collaboration between the Higher Education Institution and the mental health care setting. Step two was model development during which the main concepts were placed in relation with each other which formed an emotional support model for students working in mental health care settings. There must be a collaborative approach between the HEI and the mental health care setting, to facilitate the emotional support of students.  This paper gives an account of the methodological processes that were utilised to meet the aim and objectives of the study.

CORAK DAN METODOLOGI TAFSIR INDONESIA “WAWASAN AL-QUR’AN” KARYA M. QURAISH SHIHAB

This paper introduces the reader regarding the Indonesia interpretation. The work in question was Wawasan Al-Qur’an by Quraish Shihab. In introducing this work the author describes the style of interpretation, interpretation methods and techniques of writing. The author also discusses the figure of Quraish Shihab in briefly description. In addition, he also explained about the interpreter’s method in explaining the themes contained in the work of Wawasan Al-Qur’an . In reviewing the work of Wawasan Al-Qur’an author tried to express all aspects discussed in the work, so it will be seen what method is used by Quraish Shihab in interpreting the verses of the Koran.

Electrochemical Characterization of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate-Prmutit Composite Membrane in Aqueous Uni-Uni Valent Electrolyte Solutions

Co-mixed cellulose acetate butyrate and permutit in a definite composition was prepared and coded as MRS-2. The membrane potential was measured with uni-uni valent electrolyte, NaCl solutions using saturated calomel electrodes (SCEs).The effective fixed charge density of the membrane was determined by TMS method and it showed dependence on the porosity, charge on the membrane matrix, charge and size of permeating ions. Other important electrochemical parameters were calculated. Conductance-time data were generated for the kinetic study of the permeating ions in terms of membrane permeability, flow and flux parameters. Donnan membrane equilibrium condition was examined. Membrane adsorbability showed concave dependence with external electrolyte solution and convex type dependence was showed by swelling and conductance parameters. This membrane had no characteristic of anomalous osmosis, indicates that there is no water flooding will take place during membrane operation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 337-341 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12748

The experiences of women who undergo termination of pregnancy in Mpumalanga province, South Africa

The Choice of Termination of Pregnancy Act, 92 of 1996 (South Africa 1996) is aimed at improving the lives of all women, stipulating that every woman has the right to make choices about her own body, including being pregnant. This act was welcomed by many health professionals as it was seen as a way to increase access to safe abortion services and thus prevent morbidity and mortality associated with unsafe and illegal ‘back street’ abortions. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the experiences of women who undergo termination of pregnancy (TOP) at TOP services in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. A qualitative, descriptive, explorative and contextual research design was utilised. Participants were included in the sample through convenience sampling. Data was collected from nine individuals using semi-structured interviews. Tesch’s method of data analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Measures to ensure trustworthiness were applied throughout the research and ethical considerations in the conduct of research adhered to. The findings revealed that health care consumers in Mpumalanga Province experienced emotional, physical and psychological discomfort in the TOP services received. Recommendations include community education for the support of the TOP programme, better integration of the TOP programme into other medical and social services and timely counselling, control and pain management for women who undergo TOP.

MIDWIFERY EDUCATION AT A NURSING COLLEGE IN LIMPOPO: CLINICAL LEARNING EXPERIENCES OF MALE NURSES

This research explored the clinical learning experiences of male nurses during midwifery training at a nursing college in Limpopo, South Africa. A qualitative, explorative and descriptive design was followed. Ethical approval was obtained and participants agreed to voluntarily take part in the study. Newly qualified professional male nurses were purposively selected. Eight individual interviews were conducted to collect data until data saturation was reached. Transcribed interviews were analysed, using Tesch’s method of qualitative data analysis. Consensus regarding themes and sub-themes was reached between the researcher and independent coder. Trustworthiness was achieved through the employment of the principles of credibility, conformability, dependability, transferability and authenticity. The findings revealed the clinical learning experiences of participants in the maternity wards, which is part of their midwifery education at the nursing college. The experiences of participants in the maternity ward were categorised according to ante-partum, intra-partum and post-partum care. Participants considered intra-partum clinical learning to be difficult. Recommendations included a planned supervision programme and the accompaniment of all learners, to assist in achieving the learning outcomes and improve communication between the nursing college and hospital operational managers in the maternity ward to address the needs of male learners during midwifery training.

Food Supply Security and Import Substitution as the Key Strategic Objectives of the Modern Agricultural Policy

A crucially new social- and economic situation has shaped up by now in the rural areas and agricultural sphere; in its many instances such situation does not fit in the national agricultural policy in effect called upon to be a long-term instrument for economic adjustment of the agro-food market and state support of the agricultural sphere, most significantly, its foundation — the farming sector. Ensuring of food supply security by import substitution in the age of the national farm product markets globalization is possible in the macro-economic conditions promoting the development of the agricultural sector. The main reason that retards this sector development is inequitable cross-sector exchange at sacrifice of the agricultural industry. The article sets forward and approbates the author’s method of simple assessment procedure of how the price cross-sector relations and state financial support (in the form of subsidies) of the agricultural enterprises influence their profitability generation. Further to the assessment, the following conclusions have been made: — in view of the tangible contribution of the agricultural sector to the country economy, this sector is self-reliant for its own development, i.e. the state is reasonably in a position to increase expenses for eliminating negative consequences of inequitable crosssector exchange; — the amount of expenses for state financial support is supposed to enable the agricultural commodity producers to generate profitability to the level that can stimulate the farm workers’ labour efficiency and build up a system of affordable credit facilities for the objects of techno-engineering modernization necessary to produce competitive products. — the issue of improving the competitiveness of agricultural production should be addressed in the first place at the federal level. Among the essential factors to increase the competitiveness of specific types of domestic food products and agricultural raw materials, one should consider the implementation of theoretically sustained agreements on the agricultural policy in EEU countries. The article considers the guidelines to form the common agricultural policy in the new integrated entity.

RIFLESSIONI SUL TESTO DELLA COMMEDIA DANTESCA

After a brief overview of the national edition of Dante’s works and the essential critical bibliography concerning the poem’s text, the author focuses on Petrocchi’s edition of the ‘antica vulgata,’ on the subsequent attempts by Lanza and Sanguineti (based on Bédier’s method), and the generous experiment by Paolo Trovato (based on Lachmann’s method). These proposals can be integrated with the idea (supported by Padoan, Pasquini, and Veglia) of a diffusion by groups of cantos characterised, from the outset, by the interference of oral transmission. The article also examines a number of supposedly indifferent variants (taken from Petrocchi’s critical apparatus), where one of the two alternatives can be recognised as the copyist’s initiative, so as to exclude any doubt that it provides an authorial variant.

Preparation, characterization and study of nanofiltration composite membrane: Electrochemical and optical properties

The polystyrene based molybdate composite membranes were prepared by the sol–gel method by applying different pressures. XRD data shows that formation of nanocomposite and exhibit no other impurity phase. The membrane potential is found to be effected by both pressure and ion concentration. The effective charge density of these membranes was determined by TMS method and reveal dependence of membrane potential on physicochemical properties. The change in membrane capacitance and resistance values with the change in electrolyte concentration and applied frequency had been interpreted in terms of the charges produced in the electrical double layer at the membrane solution interface.

Performance Analysis of Random Forests with SVM and KNN in Classification of Ancient Kannada Scripts

Ancient inscriptions which reveal the details of yester years are difficult to interpret by modern readers and efforts are being made in automating such tasks of deciphering historical records. The Kannada script which is used to write in Kannada language has gradually evolved from the ancient script known as Brahmi. Kannada script has traveled a long way from the earlier Brahmi model and has undergone a number of changes during the regimes of Ashoka, Shatavahana, Kadamba, Ganga, Rashtrakuta, Chalukya, Hoysala , Vijayanagara and Wodeyar dynasties. In this paper we discuss on Classification of ancient Kannada Scripts during three different periods Ashoka, Kadamba and Satavahana. A reconstructed grayscale ancient Kannada epigraph image is input, which is binarized using Otsu’s method. Normalized Central and Zernike Moment features are extracted for classification. The RF Classifier designed is tested on handwritten base characters belonging to Ashoka, Satavahana and Kadamba dynasties. For each dynasty, 105 handwritten samples with 35 base characters are considered. The classification rates for the training and testing base characters from Satavahana period, for varying number of trees and thresholds of RF are determined. Finally a Comparative analysis of the Classification rates is made for the designed RF with SVM and k-NN classifiers, for the ancient Kannada base characters from 3 different eras Ashoka, Kadamba and Satavahana period.

Structural and electrochemical characterization of newly synthesized CF nanoparticle based FP composite membrane and their applicability on TMS theory

Calcium fluoride nanoparticle based ferric phosphate ion exchange composite membrane was prepared by the ideal sol–gel method. The membrane has been characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA analysis. Through these instrumental analysis it was clear that the composite material has crystalline nature and the prepared membrane has smooth, porous, cracks as well as breakage free surface. TMS method was used to find out the theoretical values of ionic potential. The observed potential and charge density follows KCl<NaCl<LiCl and LiCl<NaCl<KCl order respectively. By potential observation the transport number, mobility ratio, distribution coefficient, charge effectiveness, fixed charge density has been calculated very easily.

Decay of Temperature Fluctuations in Dusty Fluid Homogeneous Turbulence Prior to the Ultimate Period in Presence of Coriolis Force

Using deissler’s method we have studied the decay of temperature fluctuations in dusty fluid homogeneous turbulence before the final period in presence of coriolis force and have considered correlations between fluctuating quantities at two- and three-point. The equations for two- and three-point correlation is obtained and the set of equations is made to determinate by neglecting the forth-order correlation in comparison to the second- and third-order correlations. For solving the correlation equations are converted to spectral form by taking their Fourier transform. Finally, integrating the energy spectrum over all wave numbers, the energy decay law of temperature fluctuations in homogeneous dusty fluid turbulence before the final period in presence of coriolis force is obtained.

PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CATION SELECTIVE MEMBRANES

Polystyrene based strontium phosphate membranes (SPM) prepared by applying different pressures. The membrane potential was measured with uni-univalent electrolytes (KCl, NaCl, and LiCl) solutions using saturated calomel electrode (SCEs). The effective fixed charge density of these membranes was determined by TMS method and it showed dependence of membrane potential on the porosity, charge on the membrane matrix, charge and size of permeating ions. The membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy. The order of surface charge density for electrolytes is found to be KCl > NaCl > LiCl. Other important parameters such as transport number, distribution coefficient, charge effectiveness and related parameters were calculated. The membrane was found to be mechanically stable, and can be operated over a wide pH range. Moreover, the experimental results were found to be quite satisfactorily with theoretical values.

Synthesis, characterization and influence of electrolyte solutions on electrical properties of organic–inorganic composite membrane

In this work various electrical properties of titanium molybdate composite membrane had been discussed. The membrane was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis and Infra-red spectroscopy. The effective fixed charge density of the membrane was determined by TMS method and it showed the dependence of membrane potential on, the charge on the membrane matrix, porosity and size of permeating ions. The change in membrane capacitance and resistance values with the change in electrolyte concentration and applied frequency had been interpreted in terms of the charges produced in the electrical double layer at the membrane solution interface. The magnitude of membrane capacitance had been found to be dependent on the capacitance of the double layer. In higher frequency range the impedance data evaluated on the basis of simple equivalent electrical circuit model and had been found to follow theoretical prediction. Other parameters such as transport number, distribution coefficient and charge effectiveness were also calculated.

An Analysis of Adaptive Approach for Document Binarization

Abstract Binarization is an initial step in document image analysis for differentiate text area from background. Determination of binarization technique is really important to retrieve all the text information especially from degraded document image. This paper explains about adaptive binarization using Gatos’s method. Gatos’s method is doing preprocessing, foreground estimation using Sauvola’s method, background estimation, upsampling, final thresholding and postprocessing. In this paper, Sauvola’s method is final thresholding from Wiener filter image result and source image, and count F-Measure from both of these binary image results. By using optimum constant value on k value, n local window, Ksw and Ksw1, Gatos’s method can produced binary image better than Sauvola’s method based on F-Measure value. Sauvola’s method produces average value F=84,62%, Sauvola’s method with Wiener filter produces average value F=99.06% and Gatos’s method produces average value F=99,43%. Keyword : Degraded Document Image, Adaptive Approcah for Binarization, Gatos’s Method, Sauvola’s MethodDOI: 10.18495/comengapp.22.185194

Neuronavigated vs. Conventional Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Method for Virtual Lesioning on the Broca’s Area

This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) using a neuronavigational TMS system (nTMS) to the Broca's area would elicit greater virtual aphasia than rTMS using the conventional TMS method (cTMS). Eighteen healthy subjects underwent a randomized crossover experiment to induce virtual aphasia by targeting the Brodmann area 44 and 45 for nTMS, and F3 of international 10-20 system for cTMS. Reaction time for a picture naming task and the reaction duration for a six-digit number naming task were measured before and after each session of stimulation, and compared between the cTMS and nTMS. The stability of the coil positioning on the target was measured by depicting the variability of talairach coordinates (x, y, z) of the sampled stimulation localizations. At baseline, outcome variables were comparable between cTMS and nTMS. nTMS induced significant delays in reaction time from 944.0 ± 203.4 msec to 1304.6 ± 215.7 msec (p < 0.001) and reaction duration from 1780.5 ± 286.8 msec to 1914.9 ± 295.6 msec (p < 0.001) compared with baseline, whereas cTMS showed no significant changes (p = 0.959 and p = 0.179, respectively). The mean talairach space coordinates of nTMS demonstrated greater consistency of localization of stimulation with the target, and the error range relative to the target was narrower for the nTMS compared with the cTMS (p < 0.001). nTMS leads to more robust neuromodulation of Broca's area, resulting in delayed verbal reaction time as well as more accurate targeting of the intended stimulation location, demonstrating superiority of nTMS over cTMS for therapeutic use of rTMS in neurorehabilitation.

The Relationship between Organizational Conduct and National Culture

This paper puts forwards different existing theories on classifying cultures of different countries. The first theory it introduces is of Hofstede’s cultural aspects, then the Hall’s Method of classifying culture into low and high context, and lastly the model of cultural differences by Trompenaars. Following that is the discussion on the interaction between organizational behaviour and the national culture. The focus would be the influence of culture on employee motivation, communication, organizational changes and conflict resolution.

Preparation and characterization of polystyrene based Nickel molybdate composite membrane electrical–electrochemical properties

The functional properties of the polystyrene based Nickel Molybdate composite membrane prepared by applying 70MPa pressure are described. The fabricated membrane was characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared, X-ray diffraction, particle size analyzer and Scanning electron microscopy technique and has been investigated for its functional, diffusive, electrochemical and electrical properties. The impedance data of membrane having capacitive and resistive components are plotted, which show the sequence of semicircles representing an electrical phenomenon due to grain material, grain boundary and interfacial phenomenon. The diffusion of electrolytes was determined by the TMS method revealing dependence of membrane potential on the charge on the membrane matrix, charge and size of permeating ions. The membrane determined the activity of cations with good accuracy in the higher concentration range and shows a great selectivity for K+. Other electrochemical properties like transport number have been discussed its selectivity.