TM Perceptions Research Articles

Empowering Young Learners: Insights into EFL Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices within the IB Framework in Elementary School

Drawing from the theoretical perspective that effective English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction requires integration with contemporary educational frameworks, this study explores how the International Baccalaureate (IB) framework shapes EFL teachers' perceptions and practices in an elementary school in Tangerang, Indonesia. The research aims to examine the impact of IB principles on teaching methodologies and the resultant educational outcomes for young learners. Utilizing a qualitative narrative inquiry approach, six EFL teachers were interviewed and observed, and their teaching materials were analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of their experiences and instructional strategies. The findings reveal that teachers adopt student-centered, inquiry-based methods that foster critical thinking, global awareness, and practical language skills. This integration enhances student engagement and learning outcomes, highlighting the effectiveness of the IB framework in promoting holistic education. The implications of this research suggest that the IB framework can significantly contribute to improving EFL education by aligning teaching practices with global educational standards, thus preparing students for the complexities of an interconnected world. These insights are pivotal for educational policymakers and practitioners aiming to implement innovative and effective EFL teaching strategies.

THE CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MODEL FOR ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION

The objectives of this research are to propose a specifically designed Instructional Design (ID) model for English as foreign language instruction. The method adopted in developing the proposed ID model is by studying the existing models that have been proposed by many experts and identifying the components of these models. Various theories and perspectives are considered in designing the proposed ID model and integrating the components into the model and their sequences. An ID model for English as foreign language instruction developed in this research consists of seven components which are arranged in mix sequence approach. The components that are connected to the instructional design model are learners needs analysis, learning objectives, instructional materials and sequence, instructional media, instructional strategis, authentic assessment, and performance improvement. The components of the model are arranged following a mix model approach, and thus the model application and use are more flexible. The ID model was validated by two experts through expert reviews and four teachers’ perception. These two experts have indicated that the model has fulfilled internal validation in terms of the components and sequence. Teachers’ perception has given an indication that the model on conceptual basis could be implemented successfully for English as foreign language instruction. Keyword: Instructional Design (ID) model, English as Foreign Language (EFL) instruction

THE USE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING: A CASE STUDY AT ONE PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN JAMBI

This research is aimed to describe students’ perception toward the use of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) in language learning. The objective of the study is to know students’ perception toward the use of ICT in language learning and to know the problem that they encountered during the use of ICT. The design of this research was survey method. The subject of this research was sixth semester students’ of English department Jambi University. A questionnaire was main instrument to gather the data. The questionnaire consists of items regarding the educational resources of respondents, their reasons for using ICT, the use of ICT in learning process and the problems that they encountered. The result of the study showed that ICT is useful for students. Using ICT can help students easier in accessing information they need which can bring positive effect for students, but this should supported by sufficient ICT equipment and ability to determine information which they search for in order to give better performance since the number one problem faced by students come from two numbers which are, few staff using ICT and information from ICT always change. It is recommended for lecturer to involve ICT services during the teaching and learning process more often and giving guidance to students to determine the appropriate material for their needs. Keyword: Information communication and technology, English language learning

Students’ and Teachers’ Perception on the Development of Local Wisdom Module to Increase Student Learning Outcome

In this study we focus to analyze the teacher and student perception about the development of the local wisdom module, especially to increase learning outcome. The research method is descriptive and qualitative by used surveys to collect data. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 2 elementary school teacher and to 20 student 5th grade students, SDN 3 Langkai in Palangkaraya city, Central Kalimantan. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this research showed that teachers have never developed their own teaching materials based on local potential in Central Kalimantan, while students are of the opinion that the use of teaching materials based on local potential will make learning activities more interesting. This research concluded that the development of local wisdom module especially about batang garing very important thing to do based on teacher and student perception and important to continue in the next research to develop the module.

THE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE APPLICATIONS USED IN ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AT BORNEO TARAKAN UNIVERSITY

This research aimed to describe students’ perception of efficient applications used in online learning at the English Education Department of Borneo Tarakan University. This research was quantitative research with 32 English Education respondents in the Borneo Tarakan University. The sampling method used was total sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The results of the research indicated that the applications used in online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic were very efficient because these applications provided a good way or alternative for supporting the learning activities from home. Students used various online learning applications. The applications used are considered efficient enough to help the learning process and can improve English skills, especially students’ speaking skills. Applications used during online learning also facilitate learning because of easy access in the low network coverage setting, not using too much internet bundlest, and economical and suitable enough features to support the learning process. Even though it supports the learning process, some students still find some difficulties with the applications used in online learning.

EXPLORING LEARNER AUTONOMY IN THE CLASSROOM: AN INVESTIGATION AT THREE SELECTED JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN JAMBI

This research investigated learner autonomy based on English teachers’ perceptions at three selected junior high schools in Jambi. Its aims were to describe how the teachers perceive learner autonomy and to what extent they promote learner autonomy in the classroom. This research used quantitative approach. The data were gathered through questionnaires involving 4 English teachers of SMPN 17 Jambi, 2 English teachers of SMPN 1 Muaro Jambi, and 4 English teachers of SMP IT AL AZHAR. Participants were asked to answer the questions on the questionnaires which consist of 34 items in total. The type of the questions was close-ended questions. After doing the research the data were analyzed by calculating teachers’ responses to find means score and frequency after that interpreting the results of the questionnaires. The results of this study showed that the teachers perceived learner autonomy is quite high with the overall mean score was 3.88. Learner autonomy were highly and very highly promoted in the classroom through the teachers’ role as facilitator, counsellor, resource, and manager.

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION TOWARD PROBLEMS FACED IN SPEAKING ENGLISH OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM

This research paper investigated the problems faced by the students in speaking English outside the classroom. The population of this research is all of the English Department students of Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Ar- Raniry. The samples are the students starting academic year 2021. This research was conducted to study the perception of the students’ problems faced in speaking English outside the classroom. A mixed-methods approach adopted to gather comprehensive data and insights. The primary data collection methods included observation and questionnaire. Two main problems are faced by students: linguistic and non-linguistic issues. There are five elements occur in linguistic problems:(1) Vocabulary, (2) grammar, (3) pronunciation, (4) comprehension, and (5) Fluency. While non-linguistic problems are: (1) self-confidence, (2) embarrassment, (3) lack of partners, (4) and pride. In addition, this research also found the percentage of English being used based on students’ perception in English Department of language teaching. It showed 46 % of the environment, 30 % of the staffs and the lecturers, and 24 % of the students.

Lecturers’ Perception of Moodle-based LMS in Speaking Class

Background: 
 Many Indonesian universities use Moodle-based LMS as suggested by the Ministry of Education. The study aimed at examining English Speaking course lecturers’ perception of Moodle-based LMS. Two important questions to dig out lecturers’ perceptions included supporting features in Moodle LMS preferred by lecturers in Speaking courses and how they perceive Moodle as the main LMS for Speaking courses.
 Methodology: 
 Qualitative descriptive was utilized. Three Speaking course lecturers of English Language Education Department were selected based on some criteria. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The interview questions covered benefits of Moodle-based LMS in speaking class, support of LMS in learning speaking and learning autonomy, and possible problems during the use of LMS. The data were then transcribed into textual forms and analyzed narratively.
 Findings: 
 Several menus preferred by lecturers were assignment, page, and quiz. There were also less preferred menus on Moodle, including video conference, attendance, and writing-oriented activities (i.e., chat and forum) menus. It is also found that participants held both positive and negative views towards Moodle.
 Conclusion: 
 Major findings of the study suggest that Moodle offered a number of menus that were considered beneficial for the participants in conducting their classes. Generally, they also held positive perceptions towards the LMS and suggest some room for improvement for the LMS.
 Originality: 
 Little attention has been paid to Moodle-based LMS is carried out and the lecturers’ perception on its implementation in the speaking classes. Thus, the current study is deemed necessary.

The Use of Mobile Applications in Digital Project-based Learning to Improve Students’ English Speaking Skill

Background: 
 For Indonesian teachers and students alike, learning to speak English is still a significant difficulty. The use of media, especially mobile applications in English language learning can help draw in learners, boost motivation, and encourage creativity.
 Methodology: 
 Convergent parallel mixed-methods was employed with 40 students as participants in this research. The data used was tests, documents, observation, and interview which analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through statistical Wilcoxon signed ranks test, coding, and thematic analysis.
 Findings: 
 Mobile applications used in this research were YouTube, Tiktok, Instagram, Duolingo, Talk, Elsa, Seesaw, Cake, Pixton, Speech to Text, and Capcut. The implementation process was divided into 5 stages; planning stage, implementation stage, evaluation stage, reflection stage, and follow-up stage. The pre-test and post-test results showed that the value of the asymptotic sign (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05 indicated that the use of mobile applications could greatly enhance students' speaking skill. The students’ perception showed that mobile applications in the classroom made learning more convenient, students could use them to practice English skills, complete assignments, find out information, or even receive the materials their lecturers offer them.
 Conclusion: 
 The use of technology, such as mobile applications, can be a useful aid in the study of the English language, giving students more exposures, practices, and individualized instructions.
 Originality: 
 This research reveals the implementation, effectiveness, and students' perceptions of mobile applications used in digital project-based learning. It is possible to maximize the benefits and minimize the drawbacks.

English Literature Students’ Perception of Sexual Violence/Harassment in Bombshell Film: Reader-Response Criticism

Violence or sexual harassment especially against women can still be found especially in the world of work and this is due to the lack of feminist teachings in children which results in their adulthood with patriarchal thinking. This study uses English literature students as subjects and looks at their responses to the sexual harassment/violence in the movie Bombshell. This research will discuss their opinions about the movie Bombshell, their responses to gender issues in the movie, and what things shape their responses, all of which will be taken from their answers from the questionnaires distributed and interviews. From the results obtained that there are those who like and dislike the movie and some get lessons but some do not get lessons, that their response to sexual harassment/violence is also different, some agree and some disagree and so are the things that shape their response from personal experience to seeing other people.
 Keywords: Film, Reader-Response Criticism, Sexual Violence/Harassment, Students’ Perception

The Cultural Representation in Secondary EFL Textbooks: A Critical Content Analysis and Teachers’ Perceptions

The Cultural Representation in Secondary EFL Textbooks: A Critical Content Analysis and Teachers’ Perceptions

Exploring Management Food and Beverage Students' Perception and Expectation of Using Presentation and Dialogue in English Language Learning

This study aims to analyze Diploma III Management Food and Beverage students’ perception and expectation regarding the use of dialogue and presentation in English Language Learning in Faculty of Tourism, Triatma Mulya University. The sample used was 6 Students of Management Food and Beverage. The methods used to collect data was deep interviews to analyze their perceptions and expectations about the use of dialog and presentation. In addition to this, the supporting data was collected through online publications. The research shows that most of the students’ opinions are positive. Students think that those two techniques can help them to improve their English skills, especially speaking and listening. They feel more confident speaking English because they are provided activities where they must speak in front of their friends and receive feedback from teachers and friends which makes them know how to do better in the next meeting. In terms of expectations, students expect that these two methods can improve their self-confidence and expand their English. They hope that after studying English at University, they will have better preparation to work in the industry. They think through these methods they can improve their public speaking so that they can be professional workers. They consider that presentation and dialogue can enrich their vocabulary and grammatical structure. Even though in the classroom each student has a different level of English. They conclude that they have the same expectation, which is to have better English. Keywords: Dialogue, Presentations, Perception, Expectation

Students Perspectives on the Use of Moodle for Learning English at Vocational High School

This study is aimed at knowing students’ perceptions on the usage of Moodle LMS at Vocational High School (VHS). A survey method, with simple random sampling of 172 students from the state VHS 12 Malang was used. The results showed students’ positive opinions toward learning English via Moodle. It encouraged them to learn English and facilitated student-centered learning. Problems related to technical issues and difficulties in understanding written documents were also discussed in the study.

HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS' PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS LEARNING MODES

The perception of higher education students towards synchronous and asynchronous learning modes plays a vital role in determining the success of these pedagogical approaches. Students' preferences and attitudes towards these modes can impact their engagement, motivation, and overall learning outcomes. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the students’ perception on the modes of English learning activities employed a descriptive quantitative and qualitative approach. Students of all majors became the respondents and filled online questionnaire via Google form. There were 464 respondents filled in the questionnaire. The result showed that students were fully aware of the implementation, characteristics, and consequences of these two learning modes. Furthermore, students can shift and adapt with ease to the modes employed. Then, it can be concluded that students have adapted to the modes of learning and face no difficulty in the employment of synchronous and asynchronous classes.

Farmers’ Perceptions and Behavior which Affecting the Adoption Rate of KUB Chickens

KUB chicken as a superior breed produced by Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Instrument Standardization (IAAIS) becomes one of the solutions in an effort to increase the need for animal protein. KUB chicken breeds have been successfully disseminated to all provinces in Indonesia. Thus the rate of adoption and behavior of breeders in maintaining the sustainability of KUB chicken rearing needs to be analyzed  because the breeds that are disseminated may not be successfully developed in a certain area. This research will collaborate between the two theories; "Theory of Planned Behavior" (TPB) and "Technology Acceptance Model" (TAM). It was conducted in June 2022 in the City of Salatiga, Semarang and Magelang, Central Java Province. The determination of the research location was based on the consideration that there was a KUB chicken breeders group that already had a KUB chicken breeder association called AnaKUB (KUB Chicken Breeders Association) and a breeding population that met the sampling requirements. The purpose of this research was to analyze the perception factors and breeders behavior that affect the adoption rate of KUB Chicken Technology in Central Java Province, Indonesia. ). The combined results of path analysis (path) and regression analysis on the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique, it can be concluded that perceived benefits (25.3%), ease of raising KUB chickens (23.9%), attitudes (21.2%), subjective norms (16.7%) and perceptions of control behavior (17.3%) have a positive effect on the intention to adopt KUB chickens. The perceived benefits (45.8%) and the perceived ease of raising KUB chickens (50.1%) have a very positive effect on the attitude variable of the farmer. Important people including family members have an important role in supporting the maintenance of KUB chickens, while extension workers have not contributed much in supporting breeders to adopt KUB chickens. Collaboration of two theories has a mutually influencing relationship, especially towards attitudes and intentions to adopt KUB chickens which have a positive effect on the adoption rate. The adoption rate of KUB chicken is 3.32 (66.40%), this shows that the adoption rate of breeders in the Central Java region, is classified as high adoption.

USING DICTOGLOSS TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVING LISTENING COMPREHENSION OF EIGHTH GRADERS IN SMP TRI DHARMA PALEMBANG

Listening is one of the skills that needed to be integrated in an effective way for the teaching and learning of English to be successful. A technique called Dictogloss was used in this research to find out the significant improvement on listening comprehension and perception of students’ toward dictogloss technique in SMP Tri Dharma Palembang of eighth graders in academic year 2021/2022. Quantitative method was used by the researcher namely pre-experimental design which only used one class. As data source, test and questionnaire were used in this research. The pre-test and post-test was taken from experimental group to find out whether Dictogloss Technique effective to improve the eighth grade student’s at SMP Tri Dharma Palembang. And questionnaire to determine the students’ perceptions on Dictogloss technique in teaching listening. The results showed the experimental class students’ listening improved as indicated by the pre-test and post-test scores. It means t-obtain is bigger than t-table (25.789 > 2.024) and the value of Sig.(2-tailed) was 0.000 < 0.05, means that null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted so there was any significant improvement of students’ listening who taught by Dictogloss. Meanwhile the mean score of questionnaire is 73,44 which showed a positive perception because the result showed the mean score is higher than 60. In short, the use of Dictogloss as the technique to improve students’ listening skill is suggested for teachers in teaching listening.

PERCEPTION OF TOURISM VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS ON TOURISM DURING PANDEMIC AND ITS CORRELATION WITH THEIR DECISION TO STUDY IN TOURISM STUDY PROGRAM

This study aims to determine and analyze the relationship between the perceptions of the Bali Tourism Vocational School students towards the tourism industry during the pandemic on making decisions to continue their studies in the tourism study program. From the research objectives, the research design will use a quantitative research approach. Thus, the Spearman correlation test is used to analyze the relationship between two variables in the form of ordinal data. However, to answer the formulation of the first and second problems, descriptive statistical tests are also needed to determine the characteristics and distribution of the data obtained. The perception of the Bali Tourism Vocational School students towards the tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic showed a positive trend, where as many as 82.2% of students had a positive perception of the tourism industry even though this industry experienced paralysis due to the prolonged brunt of the COVID 19 pandemic. From the results of the analysis, it was also found that the decision making of the Tourism Vocational High School students was very positive, where as many as 80.5% of the respondents revealed that they showed a tendency to strongly decide to continue their studies in the tourism study program. From the results of the hypothesis test, it is known that the perception of the Bali tourism vocational school students towards the tourism industry during the pandemic is positively correlated with a sufficient and significant level of relationship with students' decision making to continue their studies in the tourism study program. The magnitude of the contribution given by the perception variable of the Bali tourism vocational school students to the tourism industry during the pandemic on students' decision making to continue their studies in the tourism study program is 15.4%, while the other 84.6% contribution difference is given by other variables not examined in this study. Key words: Students’ descisson, students’ perception

STUDENTS’ RESPONSES TO EXTENSIVE READING ACTIVITIES IN ONLINE CLASSROOM

This pandemic has forced Book Report classes which are based on Extensive Reading Principles to be conducted online. This condition makes lecturers and students unable to conduct activities that are designed predominantly for offline classes. Therefore, the writer had to make some adjustments to the online learning environment. This practice is not yet studied extensively, hence, this paper aims to find out students’ perceptions related to extensive reading practices and how the implementation helps them learn English by analyzing data from Google Form, interview results, and lecturer’s notes and observation. The participants of this study are twenty-six students from Book Report D. The results of this study show students’ positive perception towards all activities in the class (ranging from 40.7% to 66.7% for each activity) and 96.3% of students considered they have positive progress from the beginning until the end of the class. These results show, that despite the challenges, educators should still apply extensive reading practices in their classes considering the benefits students could get from doing so.Â

COMPARING STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES IN AN ONLINE PEER ASSESSMENT: DOES ANONYMITY MATTER?

Peer assessment is a fundamental activity aiming to involve students to participate actively in their own learning processes. In the context of EFL online learning, the peer assessment was conducted in the online mode as well. This study aimed to: 1) compare students’ attitudes in doing an online peer assessment in two different conditions of anonymity, 2) explore students’ perceptions of the anonymous and identifiable online peer assessment.  Seventy students of the English language education department in a private university participated in this study. Assigned to two different conditions, i.e anonymous and identifiable online peer assessment, the students were engaged in a Workshop activity, which was an asynchronous Moodle-based online peer assessment. Each student assessed three peers’ works as well as provide feedback comments. A questionnaire with close-ended and open-ended questions was used to investigate the students’ attitudes as well as perceptions of the different peer assessment formats. An independent samples t-test was performed to compare the attitude scores of both groups. The result indicated that students in the anonymous group showed a slightly better attitude compared to those in the identifiable group, yet the difference was not significant (t = 1.164, p > .05). From the questionnaire result, it was also found that the students in the anonymous group had more positive perceptions towards online peer assessment activity. These findings imply that while the anonymous online peer assessment is more favoured by learners, it might not be able to guarantee positive development in students’ overall aspects of attitudes.

FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND PARTHENIUM WEED DISTRIBUTION IN DISTRICT SWABI, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Climate change is the principal concern of present day agriculturists, environmental scientists and ecologists. Climate change and its negative impacts is still not fully understood and the concept is still criticized for its validity. The present research work consists of two phases. The first phase analyzed the farmers’ perception of climate change and its likely impact on weeds distribution by conducting a formal survey and in the 2nd phase a laboratory experiment was conducted on Parthenium weed selected from study area in Weed Science Department, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar to correlate the findings of both phasesin July-September, 2016. The field survey was carried out in Jan-May, 2016 in Swabi district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa- Pakistan. 100 farmers from the study area were randomly interviewed through a questionnaire comprised of all relevant parameters to assess their perception of climate change and its consequences. Most of the farmers (61%) believed in climate change and its negative consequences and complained of lower efficiency of their farming in the changed scenario. They had noticed climatic variations, for the last 20 years, in the form of summers extension, winters flexion, unexpected and changed pattern of rainfalls (58% responses for increase) with summer rainfalls earlier (68%) and winter rainfalls later (35%), severe and destructive floods (75%), storms or strong winds (77%), hailstorms (67%) and higher insects/ pests attack causing harm to crops (68%), livestock/ animal (64%) and humans. The changed scenario also posed difficulties to farmers in managing agricultural activities like abundance of weed species (62% farmers strongly agreed) especially the invasive ones e.g. Parthenium hysterophorus, Silybam marianum and Rumex crispus etc. They noticed increase in weed species (78%), frequency (69%) and interaction (78%) among native and invasive weeds. These weeds had aggressive (75%) and uncontrollable growth (68%), out competed the crops (82%), and survived longer (55%). From the field study Parthenium weed was concluded (82%) as the most responsive invasive weed to climate change and was selected for lab study. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications. The treatments comprised of 5 different temperature regimes of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C in controlled situation in an incubator. The analysis illustrated that high germination % (34.50%) of Parthenium weed seeds occurred at higher temperature (30°C) than optimum (25°C) which was 29.25%, following the same pattern for the growth which remained more (19.75) and (17.45) at higher temperatures of (30°C) and (35°C) respectively than optimum (16.95). The conclusion of lab experiment was that the rise in temperature is favoring the growth of Parthenium weed. This weed is reported in the surveyed area to be highly aggressive and competitive for the indigenous flora expanding its domain in the area.