City Of Tlemcen Research Articles

The Impact of the Absence of Communication on the Success of Rehabilitation Projects of the Built Heritage: The Case of the Old City of Constantine

Abstract Since the 1960s of the 20th century, research on the success of projects have been updated and are increasing in cyclical projects (event-centered projects) which appear regularly in excess of budget, or even sometimes incomplete when the event or subject of their creation is over. Within this context, with the appointment of Constantine as the Arab Capital of Culture 2015, the Algerian Government has registered 76 rehabilitation projects for the old buildings of the city, under the guardianship of the Ministry of Culture. The last has designated the Office National de Gestion et d’Exploitation des Biens Culturels Protégés (OGEBCP) (National Office for the Management and Exploitation of Preserved Cultural Property) as a contracting authority assistant, given its considerable experience in building management in the city of Tlemcen, Capital of Islamic Culture in 2011. During our investigation, none of the selected projects has been completed, while the allocated budget has been entirely consumed. Why? Who is responsible for this failure? Our role is to investigate the weak links in these rehabilitation projects to avoid future similar failure. It seems like the success of a project depends on the behavior of the main actors responsible for it as well as a number of technical skills that seem difficult to bring together in a single individual. Therefore, we focus on the actors of the project. The process of conservation operations is a delicate one to conduct for the success of the project. The conditioning of shorter deadlines in full eventcentered projects is in fact one of the most difficult challenges. We propose to analyze the management of communication between the project actors assuming that, an inappropriate management could have negative impacts on the success

Evaluation of hydro-agricultural techniques and assessment of know-how implemented by traditional societies: Case of the region of Béni-Snous in the city of Tlemcen – Algeria

AbstractIn the past, rural society has always been able to implement some forms of community management of space, water and land that have served as a support for the survival of populations that are often too large for the available resources. The mountainous region of Béni-Snous offers a wide variety of strategies for water and soil fertility conservation management; it presents a form of adaptation of man to the strong physical constraints and thus constitutes a hydro-agricultural and cultural heritage which unfortunately has not yet aroused all the interest it deserves and of which one can be inspired. The ingenuity of these traditional systems, which have survived throughout history, challenges us to analyse and study these systems more seriously, particularly from the technical and organizational side. Our study was conducted in this context. The present work aims to evaluate the traditional systems of water and soil fertility conservation management, which are encountered on the mountains of Béni-Snous, which is characterized by a semi-arid climate. These systems represent a kind of creativity that is, at the same time, practical, organizational and social. The assessment of the state of water and soil management and conservation structures showed that 78% of them are currently functional and valorised. Given their importance, all mobilization and water management structures are still functional; they showed a good cost-effectiveness ratio.

Non-HDL cholesterol predictive factor of type 2 diabetes in the city of Tlemcen

type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with disorders of lipoprotein metabolism mixed dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study is to verify whether non high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) can contribute to the development of T2DM in a population in the extreme western Algeria. The study was conducted in Tlemcen region on a sample of 1852 subjects,1059 with T2DM and 793 controls, these were evaluated for biochemical parameters, measured using standard enzyme procedures (SFBC or IFCC recommendations) on the Beckman CX7® PLC (Beckman-Coulter®, NY, USA). All the information related to the disease were collected from the patients and recorded using predesigned questionnaire. The logistic model retained, the two levels of non-HDL-C: 130 mg/dl < non-HDL-C≤160 mg/dl (OR = 0,69; 95% CI = 0,49-0,97, P = 0,033) and non-HDL-C>190 mg/dl (OR = 2,22; 95% CI = 1,31-3,76, P = 0,003), inbreeding (OR = 1,71; 95% CI = 1,44-2,04, P = 0,000) and the two age groups 60-70 years (OR = 2,14; 95% CI = 1,47-3,1, P ≪ 0,001) and 70 years and over (OR = 2,26; 95% CI = 1,51-3,38, P ≪ 0,001). The logistic model shows that non-HDL-C contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes in our population.

Study and optimization of a renewable system of small power generation

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;In this paper, a study was conducted on the sustainable development of solar and wind energy sources. The approach adopted is to exploit the two renewable resources by arriving to determine optimal configurations of photovoltaic and / or wind energy system with storage to provide electricity to a self-contained residential apartment located in the city of Tlemcen , in Algeria. The Tlemcen site showed a more favourable trend to use the photovoltaic system alone on the hybrid PV / wind system because of the low wind speeds of this site. The calculation method used is based on the monthly averages for ten consecutive years, data collected by the Tlemcen Zenâta weather station in order to have a better reliability analysis of an electric power generation system. In addition, the methods used in this study can be used to determine the optimal size of the most economical hybrid system that corresponds to any site in the world and for any requested load.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Beni Snous Speakers’ Linguistic Accommodation in an Urban Contact Context

Within a rural-urban contact context, the present paper investigates linguistic accommodation of rural speakers (originally from Beni Snous valley, south-west of Tlemcen-Algeria) being in frequent and regular contact with urban speakers in the neighbouring city of Tlemcen. Gender marker is the selected linguistic variable which is used to address a female person. This variable has a reduced form [-i] and a neutralised form ∅ in the speech of Tlemcen speakers. However, Beni Bahdel speakers tend to diphthongise it by adding the suffixes [-ij] and [-ej]. Thus, the aim is to examine whether these rural commuters to the city of Tlemcen have accommodated their speech to the input variant forms [-i] and gender neutralisation ∅ or they still maintain their native variant form. By means of quantitative and qualitative methods, data analysis has revealed that linguistic accommodation has been attested in the speech of these speakers. Some social factors dictate the accommodative behaviour of these rural speakers to urban speech, as women are likely to maintain their native speech while men are prone to accommodate their speech. Such linguistic behaviour is reinforced by social-psychological factors towards both their native speech and urban speech.

Biosurveillance De La Qualite De L’air D’un Milieu Urbain Par Des Mousses Et Des Lichens. Cas De La Ville De Tlemcen (Algerie)

The evaluation of the pollution intensity, the accumulation of pollutants in the atmosphere, by living organisms is a very effective environmental technique used for decades. The measure of the accumulation in these organisms allows meeting the direct difficulties in physical and chemical measures, often very complex and costly. By physiological and morphological characteristics, mosses and lichens are very effective to address this issue, including their capacity to accumulate contaminants in this case the trace metals such as lead. The objective of this work is to measure lead concentrations from road origin in different urban sites in Tlemcen city (Algeria) using two species of moss and lichen. The results show high concentrations of lead in the thalles for the three species, indicating high pollution by lead in this city. In order to appreciate the spatial distribution leaving this pollution and its environmental impact in urban areas, it was developed pollution maps based on the results of each species.

Energy Efficient Management for Wireless Mesh Networks with Green Routers

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) consist of a high-density of hundreds to thousands of mesh routers (MRs) deployed in corporate offices and university campuses. The main purpose of this deployment is to meet user demands for high bandwidth, mobility, and reliability. However, our recent consideration of such networks revealed that they are rarely used at their peak capacity besides the fact that the entire MRS remains active continuously. Thus, during lower traffic periods the energy consumption is the same as in busy hours, while it would be possible to save a large amount of power. Green networking has recently been proposed; consist of rethink how networks are constructed and operated so that not only the cost and performance are taken into consideration but also their energy consumption and carbon footprint. In this paper, we draw attention that a large part of idle MRs results in considerable energy losses. Thousands of WMNs worldwide jointly aggravate this problem, while raising serious worry about the energy wastage that will happen in the future. In response to this problem, we first propose an optimal approach called Optimal Energy Efficiency Management Design (OEEMD) by formulating the problem as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) model to investigate the power consumption in WMN. As this problem is known to be NP-hard, we then propose an efficient heuristic algorithm called Green Energy Efficiency Management Design (GEEMD) for wireless mesh networks. GEEMD uses a sleep mechanism to power on/off underutilized MRs, based on the traffic load and solar energy generation. For the performance evaluation, we used OEEMD and GEEMD to study the performance of WMN deployment scenario in the university and campus area of Tlemcen city in Algeria over dynamic traffic profiles. Illustrative numerical examples show that, with suitable design parameters, we can efficiently reduce energy consumption in WMN without significantly impacting the network performance.

Dynamic thermal behavior of building using phase change materials for latent heat storage

This study presents a two-dimensional model with a real size home composed of two-storey (ground and first floor spaces) separated by a slab, enveloped by a wall with rectangular section containing phase change material (PCM) in order to minimize energy consumption in the buildings. The main objective of the PCM-wall system is to decrease the temperature change from outdoor space before it reaches the indoor space during the daytime. The numerical approach uses effective heat capacity Ceff model with realistic outdoor climatic conditions of Tlemcen city, Algeria. The numerical results showed that by using PCM in wall as energy storage components may reduce the room temperature by about 6 to 7°C of temperature depending on the floor level (first floor spaces or ground floor spaces).

The Impact of Visual Pollution on Historic Buildings (Tlemcen City, Algeria: Model)

Pollution is one of the most recent environmental phenomena, and this phenomenon has received great attention from scientists, as the person is directly responsible for it because of the increase in activity and expansion, and what he has achieved from the development of industrial, technological, scientific, cultural, and civilizational especially in modern times. All of which affected the prevailing pattern of living and introduced a lot of renewal on the old city and its general plan and the resulting negative effects on archaeological sites.Pollution has types; among them is a visual pollution that is the subject of this article.We dealt with this problem by trying to research its meaning and sources and the reasons leading to it, while giving some models from the city of Tlemcen, west of Algeria.

The Impact of Visual Pollution on Historic Buildings (Tlemcen City, Algeria: Model)

The Impact of Visual Pollution on Historic Buildings (Tlemcen City, Algeria: Model)

The Impact of Visual Pollution on Historic Buildings (Tlemcen City, Algeria: Model)

The Impact of Visual Pollution on Historic Buildings (Tlemcen City, Algeria: Model)

Numerical study of thermal behaviour of building walls containing a phase change material

In the present work we presents 2D numerical study of using a phase change material to improve thermal performance of building in Tlemcen (north of Algeria) for typical day chosen with known outdoor temperature, solar radiation and wind velocity. A specific paraffin material was placed in brick wall to reduce the room temperature during a daytime. The numerical approach uses effective heat capacity Ceff model with realistic outdoor climatic conditions of Tlemcen city, Algeria. The numerical results show a significant temperature reduction inside the studied solar test room, about 6°C to 8°C and therefore, the energy consumption due to air conditioning is reduced which provides benefits to economic and environmental aspects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.20.4.6235

Domestic water conservation practices in Tlemcen City (Algeria)

During the last three decades, citizens of an Algerian city are concerned with the problem of drinking water supply. Time discontinuation service became the rule. The central idea of the analysis based on interviews is to assess the role of water in the organization of the relationship between habitat and users. The fundamental question is how users, in particular women, incorporate water in their daily lives due to rationing. Having to deal with the discontinuous and frequent weak water supply, the inhabitants of the city of Tlemcen who are connected to the water supply system, as well as those connected to the water system of all Algerian towns, have developed an internal water storage system to sort out this problem. The imposed rationing has proved to be expensive for consumers. The water shortage pushed the consumers to invest in relatively expensive storage and pumping facilities to satisfy their domestic needs. As the frequency of the water supply is on a two times per week basis, the survey reveals a discrepancy in terms of volumes consumed and stored by each household. The use of water depends on the individual storage facility and the frequency of the supply. The life of the households, particularly that of the housewives, depends on the availability of water and thus on the schedules of the Company of Production of Water “Algerian Des Eaux’’ (ADE). This is particularly the case when they are supplied during the night.

English

The aim of the present study is to investigate the chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of three essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts ofArtemisia arborescens L., which was collected from three different regions near Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria: Beni Snous, Bidar and Chetouane. The chemical composition was investigated using both capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. Fifty-two compounds were detected, a total of fifty compounds, representing 81.8 to 90.2% of the total oils were identified in the three samples of essential oils. The essential oils of A. arborescens were rich in camphor (Beni Snous: 72.2%, Bidar: 50.3% and Chetouane: 32.8%). The present composition of the essential oils, with camphor as the only most abundant component, was considered as a new chemotype of A. arborescens growing in West Northern of Algeria. Antibacterial activity of the essential oils against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, was tested using the diffusion method and by determining the inhibition zone. The results showed that the oils had a great potential antibacterial activity against some bacteria. The maximum zone of inhibition was obtained against Enterococcus faecalis (22 mm). In contrast, the oils were ineffective on the inactivation of Lysteria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Antioxidant capacity was assessed by in vitro tests using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and significant activity was found for these A. arborescens oils. Key words: Artemisia arborescens L., Asteraceae, essential oil, chemical composition, chemotype, camphor, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity.

Historicity of the material concrete in the city of Tlemcen

The answer to the relative question of the first use of concrete as material of construction in the domain of the building in Algeria and especially in the city of Tlemcen, situated in the west north of Algeria, constitutes the main object of this work. We leaned on the archives of Tlemcen in order to collect all relative information to the different available construction projects. The period and topic of our study spreads from 1892 to 1962 while sweeping almost than one century of realisations in Tlemcen. The 83 projects studied permitted us to elaborate the embryo of a data bank whose exploitation drove us to distinguish three periods where the process of construction witnessed a certain number of evolutions, notably in relation to the historicity of the use of the concrete. A cartography inserting these different projects has been established in software under Autocad format in order to visualize the projects in question and all information that refer there. La réponse à la question relative aux premières utilisations du béton comme matériau de construction dans le domaine du bâtiment en Algérie et particulièrement dans la ville de Tlemcen, située au nord ouest de l’Algérie est le fruit de ce travail. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur les archives de la commune de Tlemcen, en vue de recueillir toutes les informations relatives aux différents projets disponibles. La période, sujet de notre étude, s’étale de 1892 à 1962 ce qui nous a permis de couvrir presque un siècle de réalisations dans la commune de Tlemcen. Les projets étudiés, au nombre de quatre vingt trois, nous ont permis d’élaborer l’embryon d’une banque de données, dont l’exploitation nous a conduit à distinguer trois périodes où les modes et procédés de construction ont connu un certain nombre d’évolution; notamment par rapport à l’historicité de l’utilisation du matériau béton. Une carte, sous format Autocad, présente ces différents projets avec toutes les informations techniques qui s’y réfèrent.

وقفية أبي الحسن المريني بتلمسان (Endowment Marinis Sultan Abu al-Hassan, al-Obbad Mosque, Tlemcen, Algeria)

The endowments of public interest building varied in Islamic history. This study is concerned with an endowment dating back to the era of Abu Hassan Ali Almareni (692-1292 AH / 752-1330 CE). It was inscribed on the stone found inside al-Obbad Mosque or Sidi Boumediene Mosque, Tlemcen city, Algeria. (Please note that this article is in Arabic)

English

The relative question to the first uses of the concrete as a material of construction in the domain of building in Algeria, and especially in the city of Tlemcen, is the heart of the work that we intend to publish. The objective of this research is to illustrate the history of the evolution of the use of material concrete in the domain of construction in the city of Tlemcen. The applied methodology is to collect all information relative to the projects of construction made on concrete in the period spanning from 1892 to 2005 from the archives of the township of Tlemcen, and therefore, reach a bank of data that gathers all information referring to every project of construction in concrete, whose exploitation drove us to distinguish five periods where the processes of construction knew a certain number of evolutions, notably in relation to the historicity of the use of the material concrete. Moreover, inserting this bank of data in a card which situates the city of Tlemcen and while appropriating an adequate software to it, we were able to reach all information concerning the date of the project, society of realization, the materials of construction and processes, graphic documentation, etc. Key words: Archives, concrete, card, history, Tlemcen.

John Hunwick. Jews of a Saharan Oasis: The Elimination of the Tamantit Community. Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2006. xviii + 89 pp. Glossary. Map. Notes. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index. $88.95. Cloth. $28.95. Paper.

John Hunwick. Jews of a Saharan Oasis: The Elimination of the Tamantit Community. Princeton, N.J.: Markus Wiener Publishers, 2006. xviii + 89 pp. Glossary. Map. Notes. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index. 28.95. Paper. - Volume 50 Issue 3