Application Of TLC Research Articles

Application of TLC for the assessment of the flavonoid profile of sea buckthorn leaves during different phases of their preparation

Application of TLC for the assessment of the flavonoid profile of sea buckthorn leaves during different phases of their preparation

Application of TLC and HPLC/MS methods for the optimize of the conditions for the synthesis of 10-aminobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-A]pyrimidines

Application of TLC and HPLC/MS methods for the optimize of the conditions for the synthesis of 10-aminobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-A]pyrimidines

Statistical Methods in the Study of Protein Binding and Its Relationship to Drug Bioavailability in Breast Milk.

Protein binding (PB) is indicated as the factor most severely limiting distribution in the organism, reducing the bioavailability of the drug, but also minimizing the penetration of xenobiotics into the fetus or the body of a breastfed child. Therefore, PB is an important aspect to be analyzed and monitored in the design of new drug substances. In this paper, several statistical analyses have been introduced to find the relationship between protein binding and the amount of drug in breast milk and to select molecular descriptors responsible for both pharmacokinetic phenomena. Along with descriptors related to the physicochemical properties of drugs, chromatographic descriptors from TLC and HPLC experiments were also used. Both methods used modification of the stationary phase, using bovine serum albumin (BSA) in TLC and human serum albumin (HSA) in HPLC. The use of the chromatographic data in the protein binding study was found to be positive —the most effective application of normal-phase TLC and HPLCHSA data was found. Statistical analyses also confirmed the prognostic value of affinity chromatography data and protein binding itself as the most important parameters in predicting drug excretion into breast milk.

Comprehensive Pharmacognostical Profile of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm.

Pteridophytes are gaining importance as therapeutic agents due to the presence of various phytochemicals and their promising bioactivities. Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm., a Polypodiaceae member is endowed with numerous medicinal properties and finds wide usage in ethno as well as traditional medicines. The rhizome of D. quercifolia (L.) J. Sm. was subjected to macro-microscopic, physicochemical, phytochemical and HPTLC analysis to derive a standard for this drug. The microscopic detailing showed a wavy outline due to the presence of ridges and furrows and a broad ground tissue with diffusely arranged steles. The powdered drug showed trichomes, stellar tissue and silica crystals while the physicochemical and phytochemical screenings gave substantial values of different parameters. The rhizome extracts were subjected to HPTLC studies with Linomat 5 TLC applicator and diagnostic peaks were recorded under UV 254 nm, 366 nm and 620 nm. The study put forward an exclusive identity profile of this medicinal rhizome.

Application of TLC to Evaluate the Lipophilicity of Newly Synthesized Betulin Derivatives.

Designing a new drug has recently become a very important topic that many researches are concerned with. This work relates to a newly synthesized betulin and betulone derivatives which have anticancer activity. Thin-layer chromatography was applied to evaluate the lipophilicity of these triterpenes in order to find the correlation between theoretically and experimentally calculated values of lipophilicity and the structure of compounds investigated. Moreover, the relationships between lipophilicity and pharmacokinetic parameters or anticancer activity were carried out. The similarity analysis was also done for the purpose to divide the compounds investigated into groups pointing which of these can meet the criteria for medicine substances. The cluster analysis showed the differences in the compounds grouping in relation which the values of lipophilicity are considered, i.e., calculated by computer software or obtained experimentally by use of TLC. Analysis clearly shows that those theoretically calculated values of lipophilicity are strongly connected to the structure of the compounds.

The Application of TLC and Densitometry for Quantitative Determination of Meloxicam in Tablets

Background: Meloxicam is as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that indicates a strong anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. It is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis arthritis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in the form of various pharmaceutical preparations. Objective: The aim of the work was an elaboration of chromatographic conditions enabling the complete separation of impurities A and B from meloxicam and also its quantitative determination in tablets with use of TLC combined with densitometry as well as the comparison of the method proposed with that described in the literature by Starek and Krzek. Methods: The mixture of ethyl acetate: toluene: n-butylamine (2:2:1, v/v/v) was used as a mobile phase. Determination of meloxicam was performed on silica gel and aluminium oxide plates. Chromatographic conditions presented in this work are better than those described by Starek and Krzek. Results: Linearity of the method for both types of plates was in the range from 1.0 to 5.0 µg/spot. Limit of quantification for silica gel plates was 0.18 µg/spot, while for aluminium oxide plates it was 0.26 µg/spot. Limit of detection has been also specified, 0.06 μg/spot for silica gel plates and 0.08 μg/spot for aluminium oxide plates. The average amount of meloxicam in tablets obtained on silica gel plates was 100.4%, and on the aluminium oxide plates it was 100.3%. Conclusion: The developed method of determination of meloxicam using thin layer chromatography combined with densitometry turned out to be accurate, precise and specific. It can be successfully applied in quality control of meloxicam.

Zastosowanie termograwimetrii oraz TLC w połączeniu z densytometrią w analizie kwasu nikotynowego i jego pochodnych

Zastosowanie termograwimetrii oraz TLC w połączeniu z densytometrią w analizie kwasu nikotynowego i jego pochodnych

Application of TLC for Evaluation of the Lipophilicity of Newly Synthetized Esters: Betulin Derivatives.

The problem of designing a new drug is nowadays very important for researches representing many branches of science. This work considers the usefulness of the analytical method such as thin-layer chromatography for the lipophilicity of newly synthesized compounds, betulin derivatives, which could be potential drugs with anticancer activity. The two mobile phases were used for the purpose of experimental determination of lipophilicity for mono- and diesters investigated. The first mobile phase consists of acetate and Tris buffer, whilst the second consists of 1,4-dioxane and acetate buffer. The value of the retardation factor was recalculation into the RM value, and then RM0 values were obtained by extrapolating acetone or 1,4-dioxane concentration to zero. The chromatographic data of lipophilicity were correlated with theoretically obtained values of ALOGPS, AClogP, miLogP, ALOGP, MLOGP, XLOGP2, and XLOGP3. The particular correlation equations were obtained. The cluster analysis was also used to find similarity between the esters investigated on the basis of the experimental or theoretical value of lipophilicity obtained. The good correlation between experimentally and theoretically calculated lipophilicity gives the possibility of prediction of this value on the basis of the correlation equation. On the basis of similarity analysis was stated strong connections between the structure and the value of lipophilicity, for both experimental and theoretical values.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPTLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION APIXABAN IN BULK AND TABLETS

Objective: To develop a simple and sensitive, high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the quantitative estimation of apixaban in bulk and tablets.Methods: Sample of apixaban was applied on silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates under pure nitrogen stream by linomat TLC applicator. Separation was carried out by using toluene, methanol and diethylamine as a mobile phase in a ratio of 16:3:1 v/v/v. Developed TLC plates were scanned by camag TLC scanner and detection was carried out at 288 nm.Results: Rf value of apixaban was found to be 0.4. The linearity was found from 50 to 350 ng/spot. The mean percentage recovery was found to be 85.66with % RSD of 0.79.Conclusion: The present study represents first HPTLC method that deals with the estimation of apixaban. Validation results indicated that the developed method is simple, rapid, accurate, specific, sensitive and precise. The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline by studying various validation parameters like accuracy, precision, specificity, assay, LOD and LOQ. It can be concluded that the method can be used in routine analysis of apixaban in tablet dosage form.

Phytochemical screening and high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprint profile of three species of leucas (Lamiaceae)

Background: The members of genus Leucas possess high economic potential. As medicinal herbs these were well known as 'Droṇapuhṣpī' in Ayurveda literature. The present study aims to carry out the phytochemical screening as well as the HPTLC fingerprint profiling of three species of Leucas. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of each plant were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. The total phenols, flavonoids and tannins were quantified in the methanolic extract by standard spectrophotometric methods. HPTLC method for the separation of the active constituents in extracts has been developed and TLC of the methanolic extracts on silica gel pre-coated aluminum plates of Merck by automatic TLC applicator and using solvent system Toluene: ethyl acetate:7:3 was performed. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracts showed the presence of different phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, proteins and amino acids. Among all the three extracts studied, L. ciliata had the highest concentration of phenolics (34.5 ± 0.35), flavonoids (48.25 ± 1.06) and tannins (6.45 ± 0.5). A HPTLC fingerprint scanned at 550 nm for methanol leaf extracts revealed 12 peaks for L. stelligera, 15 peaks for L. eriostoma and 13 peaks for L. ciliata with Rf values in the range of 0.06 to 0.98.

Application of TLC, HPLC and GC methods to the study of amino acid and peptide enantiomers: a review

Amino acids are very important organic compounds in nature. The biological activity of amino acids depends mainly on their stereoisomeric configuration (d- or l-). Thus, the stereochemical analysis of amino acids and peptides is an important aspect of their characterization. Owing to the increasing role of amino acid configuration in biomedical and pharmaceutical studies, numerous analytical methods have been described in the literature. Among a wide range of analytical techniques available for the steroselective separation of different amino acids, which were obtained from plants or biological samples, chromatographic methods such as thin-layer chromatography, high-performance chromatography and also gas chromatography are very useful. This review presents such systems developed for direct stereoisomeric separation and quantitative determination of amino acid and peptide enantiomers with emphasis on selected literature published during two last decades. Almost all aspects, including sample preparation prior chromatographic analysis, stationary phase, solvent system and detection system, are discussed. New possibilities in chiral amino acid analysis have been opened up by the application of mass spectrometry and infrared detection in thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring detection system in gas chromatography. A modern trend in high-performance chromatography is two-dimensional chromatography. These innovations have led to decreased development time and increased amino acid resolution and detectability.

Applications of Thin Layer Chromatography in the analysis and isolation of coumarins derived from medicinal plants

Because of the common occurrence in plants and broad spectrum of their activity, coumarins are one of the most promising groups of natural compounds to investigate. TLC is very quick and simple method to analyze the composition of secondary metabolites in plants. It can be successfully applied as a screening procedure to verify a presence of coumarin compounds in a sample. In simple way it can be also used for evaluation of some biological activity of this compounds. Current knowledge of application of TLC to analytical separation of coumarin compounds is presented in this review.

Application of TLC and LA ICP SF MS for speciation of S, Ni and V in petroleum samples

A coupling of thin layer chromatography with laser ablation ICP SF MS was developed for the fractionation of Ni, V, Fe and S in crude oil and its fractions (saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene). The detection limits were 18ngg−1 and 23ngg−1 for nickel and vanadium, respectively, and a sample could be characterized in terms of the metal distribution as a function of species polarity within 10min. The method was used to characterize the metal distribution in crude oils of different origins and their different fractions.

HPTLC Finger Print Profile of Extracts from Dried Aerial Parts of Bryophyllum Pinnatum in Different Solvents

Introduction: Bryophyllum pinnatum Kurz. is perennial herb growing widely and used in folkoric medicine in tropical Africa, America, India, china and Australia. The divine herb has potent medicinal values and used in traditional medicine for the treatment of variety of ailments and well known for its haemostatic and wound healing properties. Methods: Chromatographic techniques were used for separation of components from different extracts of plant parts. This study was planned to develop a HPTLC fingerprint profile of drug extracts from aerial parts of Bryophyllum pinnatum in different solvents such as petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone and methanol. Results: A High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for the separation of the active constituents in Bryophyllum pinnatum extracts has been developed and TLC of these extracts on silica gel precoated aluminum plates of Merck by automatic TLC applicator and using solvent system Chloroform: Ethanol (9.8:0.2) was performed. In the present study, HPTLC finger print of various extracts of dried aerial parts of Bryophyllum pinnatum have been carried out and the results provide referential information for standardization. Conclusion: The HPTLC method for routine quality control of present species can be carried out using this method for different extracts of plant parts and serve in qualitative, quantitative and was appropriate for standardization of the drug. The HPTLC fingerprint is also suitable for rapid and simple authentication and comparision of subtle differences among samples of identical plant resource.

Application of HPLC and TLC with Diode Array Detection After SPE to the Determination of Pesticides in Water Samples from the Zemborzycki Reservoir (Lublin, Southeastern Poland)

The application of TLC with a diode array detector (TLC-DAD) and HPLC-DAD after SPE for identification and quantitative analysis of pesticides in water samples is demonstrated. The procedures described for the determination of compounds are inexpensive and can be applied to routine analysis of analytes in water samples after preliminary cleanup and concentration by SPE. Average recoveries for four different cartridges and three solvents by the proposed HPLC-DAD method after SPE also are presented. The efficiency of the SPE procedure was evaluated using real water samples from the Zemborzycki Reservoir, near Lublin, southeastern Poland. The method was validated for precision, repeatability, and accuracy.

HPTLC Fingerprint Profile of Extracts from Gum, Bark and Leaf of Boswellia serrata Linn. in Different Solvents

Introduction:Boswellia serrata Linn. tree is commonly found in India. The therapeutic value of its gum (guggulu) has been known to possess good anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-proliferative and analgesic activities. Oleo-gum resins from Boswellia species are used in traditional medicine in India and African countries for the treatment of a variety of diseases.Methods: Chromatographic techniques were used for separation of components from different extracts of plant parts. This study was planned to develop a fingerprint profile of drug extracts from different parts of Boswellia serrata Linn. i.e., bark, gum and leaf in different solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform and water.Results: A high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the separation of the active constituents in Boswellia serrata extracts has been developed and TLC of these extracts on silica gel precoated aluminium plates of Merck by automatic TLC applicator and using solvent gradient system was performed.Conclusion: The HPTLC method for routine quality control of present species can be carried out using this method for different extracts of plant parts and serve in standardization of the drug.

Flavonoids extraction from Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt et Smith leaves using different procedures

The current study aims to verify the best method for a rapid and efficient extraction of flavonoids from Alpinia zerumbet. Dried leaves were extracted using distillated water and ethanol 70% by extraction methods of shaking maceration, ultrasonic, microwave and stirring. By the application of TLC and reversed-phase HPLC techniques the rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide were detected. Ethanol 70% was more efficient for flavonoids extraction than water. No significant yielding variation was verified for ultrasonic, microwave and stirring methods using ethanol 70% (11 to 14%). Relative concentration of rutin and kaempferol-3-Oglucuronide, respectively, was higher by ultrasonic (1.5 and 5.62 mg g-1 dried leaves) and by microwave (1.0 and 6.64 mg g-1 dried leaves) methods using 70% ethanol. Rapid and simplified extraction proceeding optimize phytochemical work and acquisition of secondary metabolites.

Flavonoids extraction from Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt et Smith leaves using different procedures

The current study aims to verify the best method for a rapid and efficient extraction of flavonoids from Alpinia zerumbet. Dried leaves were extracted using distillated water and ethanol 70% by extraction methods of shaking maceration, ultrasonic, microwave and stirring. By the application of TLC and reversed-phase HPLC techniques the rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide were detected. Ethanol 70% was more efficient for flavonoids extraction than water. No significant yielding variation was verified for ultrasonic, microwave and stirring methods using ethanol 70% (11 to 14%). Relative concentration of rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, respectively, was higher by ultrasonic (1.5 and 5.62 mg g-1 dried leaves) and by microwave (1.0 and 6.64 mg g-1 dried leaves) methods using 70% ethanol. Rapid and simplified extraction proceeding optimize phytochemical work and acquisition of secondary metabolites.

Flavonoid extraction from Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt et Smith leaves using different techniques and solvents

The current study aims to verify the best method for a rapid and efficient extraction of flavonoids from Alpinia zerumbet. Dried leaves were extracted using distillated water and ethanol 70% by extraction methods of shaking maceration, ultrasonic, microwave and stirring. By the application of TLC and reversedphase HPLC techniques the rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide were detected. Ethanol 70% was more efficient for flavonoids extraction than water. No significant yielding variation was verified for ultrasonic, microwave and stirring methods using ethanol 70% (11 to 14%). The relative concentration of rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, respectively, was higher by ultrasonic (1.5 and 5.62 mg g-1 dried leaves, respectively) and by microwave (1.0 and 6.64 mg g-1 dried leaves) methods using ethanol. Rapid and simplified extraction proceeding optimize phytochemical work and acquisition of secondary metabolites.

Flavonoid extraction from Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt et Smith leaves using different techniques and solvents

The current study aims to verify the best method for a rapid and efficient extraction of flavonoids from Alpinia zerumbet. Dried leaves were extracted using distillated water and ethanol 70% by extraction methods of shaking maceration, ultrasonic, microwave and stirring. By the application of TLC and reversed-phase HPLC techniques the rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide were detected. Ethanol 70% was more efficient for flavonoids extraction than water. No significant yielding variation was verified for ultrasonic, microwave and stirring methods using ethanol 70% (11 to 14%). The relative concentration of rutin and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, respectively, was higher by ultrasonic (1.5 and 5.62 mg g-1 dried leaves, respectively) and by microwave (1.0 and 6.64 mg g-1 dried leaves) methods using ethanol. Rapid and simplified extraction proceeding optimize phytochemical work and acquisition of secondary metabolites.