Titanium Isopropoxide Research Articles

Exploring Structural and Optical Properties of Nanoparticles of Barium Titanate and Iron doped Barium Titanate and Their Potential Application in Antibacterial Activity

Background: Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) is a good candidate for a variety of applications due to its excellent dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Methods: Pure and doped Barium Titanate (BTO) nanoparticles have been synthesized by the sol-gel method. Barium hydroxide octahydrate (Ba (OH)2.8H2O) and titanium (IV) iso-propoxide (Ti {OCH[CH3]2}4) were used as starting materials. Apart from pure Barium Titanate nanoparticles, Fe-doped BaTiO3 nanoparticles of three different concentrations: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 in mol% were prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: From the X-ray diffraction pattern, the particle size was found to be varied in a range of 17-25nm. By using UV visible spectroscopy it was observed that the band gap energy of pure BaTiO3 NP is 3.2eV. As the pure BaTiO3 nanoparticles are doped with 0.1% Fe, the band gap reduces to 3.175eV. For BaTiO3 doped with 0.2% and 0.3% Fe, the band gap energy values are 2.709 and 2.652 respectively. FTIR spectra were used to analyze the vibrational modes of BaTiO3. From the result obtained from FTIR, we can see that the absorption spectrum ranges from 450cm-1-4000cm-1. The prominent peak of pure BaTiO3 is at 500cm-1 which is due to the vibration of the Ti-O band in crystal lattice. For BaTiO3 doped with Fe2O3, the wave number of the absorption peak is shifted from 500cm-1 in pure BaTiO3. The antibacterial studies were conducted on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Conclusion: Both pure and iron-doped Barium Titanate showed significant antibacterial properties, confirming the antibacterial property of Barium Titanate nanoparticles.

Drop-Cast Hybrid Poly(styrene)-b-Poly(ethylene oxide) Metal Salt Films: Solvent Evaporation and Crystallinity-Dependent Evolution of Film Morphology.

Morphology templates of solution-based diblock copolymer (DBC) films with loading metal salts are widely applied in photocatalysts, photovoltaics, and sensors due to their adjustable characteristics based on surface (de-)wetting and microphase separation. The present work investigates the morphologies of drop-cast hybrid films based on poly(styrene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) and the metal salts titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and zinc acetate dehydrate (ZAD) in comparison to the pure DBC. By utilizing scanning electron microscopy, grazing-incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry, we find that the resulting film morphologies depend not only on the presence of metal salts but also on solvent evaporation and crystalline formation. At 20 °C, additional TTIP and ZAD in the polymer template cause the morphology to change from packed globular structures to separated wormlike structures attributed to the changed polymer environment. Furthermore, additional tetrahydrofuran causes irregular structures at the precursor film part and the overlapped wormlike structures to transition into close-packed globular structures at the cap film parts of the pure DBC. In contrast, at 50 °C, the globular structures transit to fingerprint patterns due to the thermal behavior of the crystallizable PEO blocks, and the metal salt additives suppress crystalline structure formation in the PEO domains.

Mesoporous titania as sorbent for 99Mo/99mTc generators column with low specific activity molybdenum-99 for nuclear medicine application

Abstract The 99Mo/99mTc generator is a chromatography column system that can be eluted to obtain technetium-99m (99mTc) for nuclear medicine applications in the hospital. Mesoporous titania is developed for the Mo adsorbent of a 99Mo/99mTc generator column employing low specific activity 99Mo produced by nuclear reactor irradiation of natural molybdenum. A symmetric triblock copolymer of P123 was used as a template to create mesoporous titania using the sol-gel process.. The molar ratio of the reactant (titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and titanium chloride (TiCl4)) was applied with ratios 1:1 and 3:2. Then, the different temperature calcination also was implied at 450 °C and 550 °C. The resulting mesoporous titania was studied utilizing thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and characterization analysis of X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the Mo adsorption test was conducted by batch method. The highest molybdenum adsorption capacity of mesoporous titania samples is 34.62 mg Mo g−1 adsorbent. Mesoporous titania has the potential as a novel adsorbent for the 99Mo/99mTc generator column.

Green synthesis of undoped and yttrium, bismuth co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Bryophyllum pinnatum for photocatalytic application

In this research, a non-toxic, inexpensive, and environment-friendly green synthesis route was investigated to synthesize undoped and Y, Bi co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles by using Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract. Precursor material titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) was utilized for both undoped and co-doped TiO2 and Yttrium and Bismuth were added to 1, 2, and 3 percent as co-dopants. The obtained undoped and Y, Bi co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by various analytical techniques, which include X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and UV–Visible spectroscopy for the evaluation of the structural, morphological, and photocatalytic activity. Anatase phase formation was observed from the XRD analysis for both undoped and Y, Bi co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The average particle size for undoped TiO2 nanoparticles was found to be 15.92 nm which raised to 21.70 nm for 3 % co-doping. UV–Vis Spectroscopy analysis revealed a reduction on band gap energy (Eg) for Y, Bi co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Methylene blue (MB) photodegradation demonstrates co-doping with Y, Bi significantly increases the photocatalytic activity. Overall, green synthesis using Bryophyllum pinnatum was found to be an economical method to fabricate TiO2 NPs that shows great improvement in photo-degradation characteristics.

Enhanced tetracycline degradation using UV/Fenton/titanium dioxide (TiO2) hybrid process

TiO2 was synthesized using neem leaf extract as soft bio template and Titanium (IV) isopropoxide (C12H28O4Ti) as a precursor. Morphological properties revealed well crystalline anatase phase of 19.8 nm size for the biotemplated TiO2 (B-TiO2) compared to 24.2 nm of the non-templated TiO2 (N-TiO2). TEM revealed a nano sheet-like structure for the B-TiO2 and it exhibited a larger SBET surface area (35.45 m2/g) and average pore diameter (5.74 nm) compared to the N-TiO2 (19.72 m2/g) and (2.028 nm) respectively. XPS results showed carbon peaks indicating small bio-carbon doping on the lattice of the TiO2, which can promote charge transfer upon light excitation during photocatalyst reactions. The results of the photoluminescence study indicate reduced PL intensity of the B-TiO2 which signifies the suppression of recombination of charge carriers or electron-hole pairs in the B-TiO2. The photocatalytic activity was assessed by the photodegradation of tetracycline (TC: 50 mg/L) under UV irradiation and the B-TiO2 was employed as a photocatalyst. In the absence of UV light, B-TiO2 catalyst slightly removed TC due to limited active species. However, the degradation of TC increases significantly due to the synergetic effect of the UV/Fenton/B-TiO2 hybrid system. Moreover, the biotemplate exposes the surface of the B-TiO2 which permits improved utilization of all surface-active sites. Quenching experiments were also performed via scavengers, results confirmed that hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals and electrons are the key reactive species in the TC degradation. The effects of influential parameters such as B-TiO2 dosage, TC concentration, pH, and Fe2+ to H2O2 molar ratio were also investigated, in addition, the catalyst is stable, as it achieved > 80 % TC degradation efficiency after five reuse cycles.

A facile synthesis procedure for Engelhard titanosilicate (ETS-4) and its Cs+ and Sr2+ ion exchange properties

This manuscript reports an environmentally benign method for the synthesis of Engelhard titanosilicate (ETS-4) using titanium isopropoxide or anatase as titanium source and citric acid as complexing agent. Slow release of Ti from the hydroxide or oxide precursors through the citric acid complex plays crucial role in formation of titanosilicate. Characterizations of the prepared material were carried out by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Thermogravimetric – Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) and ion exchange studies. Caesium and strontium exchange capacities of the synthesised ETS-4 were found to be 220 mg/g and 76.2 mg/g, respectively. The saturation exchange equilibrium was attained within 60 min.

Enhanced photoelectric properties of TiO2 nanorod arrays through modulation of precursor concentration

This study synthesized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorod arrays and investigated their morphology and defect to the photoelectric response by varying the titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) precursor concentration from 0 to 66 mM. The vertically aligned rutile TiO2 nanorods exhibited film thicknesses ranging from 1 to 4.5 μm when the TTIP concentration equaled or exceeded 33 mM. Their rod length and diameter displayed a linear increase with the TTIP concentration. TiO2 arrays synthesized with a TTIP concentration of 33 mM exhibited the highest photoelectric response, measuring 52 μA/cm2 under xenon-lamp irradiation at a bias voltage of 0.8 V (vs. the Ag/AgCl reference). Notably, photoactivity was observed in the visible-light region as well. Photoluminescence spectra indicated a substantial reduction in electron-hole recombination compared to TiO2 arrays prepared from higher TTIP concentrations. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analyses confirmed the presence of oxygen vacancies. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra corroborated an extended electron lifetime, suggesting that surface oxygen vacancies facilitated the separation of photoexcited charge carriers. The presence of oxygen vacancies, combined with the unique array morphology, resulted in enhanced photocurrent density.

Sericin-TiO2 nanocomposite treated cotton fabrics for enhanced antibacterial and self-cleaning properties

The valorization of industrial byproducts is rising as a new dawn and has become a creative area of research for the scientists. Sericin is being a good resource of starting materials since it can be recovered and recycled. The research aimed to modify cotton fabric by sericin-TiO2 nanocomposite (STNc) for enhancement its antibacterial and self-cleaning properties. STNc were prepared using tetraisopropylorthotitanate (TIOT) and sericin with proportions 2:1, 2:2 and 1:2. The obtained STNc possesses anatase phase of TiO2 nanoparticles having an average 22.9 nm particle sizes. The STNc coated cotton samples were prepared with three different weight fractions of STNc and citric acid (2:1:2, 2:2:1 and 1:2:2). The incorporation of STNc onto cotton fabric was examined by FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The antibacterial activity of STNc coated cotton fabrics was investigated against drug resistant bacterium viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas 4A and Escherichia coli. The STNc coated cotton fabric exhibited effective resistance against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial properties of STNc coated cotton fabrics were depended with the fraction of STNc. The uncoated and STNc coated cotton fabrics were stained with coffee and then irradiated on sunlight for 0, 30, 60, 90 h and UV light for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 h. A noticeable decrease in the coffee stain's appearance was observed after 90 h sunlight and 10 h UV light exposure for STNc coated cotton fabric. The reusability of photo exposed samples was evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy.

Simplified Synthesis of Dicoumarol-Based Copolyester for Anticancer Drug Delivery

A novel dicoumarol-based copolyester was synthesized via a one-step polycondensation reaction using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as a catalyst. The copolyester was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H and 13C), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology before and after degradation. The synthesized copolyester exhibited toxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 62.5 μg/mL, and demonstrated potential as a drug carrier with a consistent drug-release rate. The combination of dicoumarol, itaconic acid, and 1,12-dodecanediol in the copolyester enhances its biomedical capabilities, with dicoumarol providing anticancer properties, itaconic acid offering biocompatibility and mechanical stability, and 1,12-dodecanediol ensuring structural integrity and responsiveness. This study presents the first example of a dicoumarol-substituted copolyester, which was thoroughly characterized and shown to have promising biocompatibility for targeted anticancer therapy. The synthesis of this novel copolyester from renewable sources highlights the growing interest in sustainable materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery and tissue engineering for cancer treatment.

(Ce, Nd) co-doped TiO2 NPs via hydrothermal route:Structural, optical, photocatalytic and thermal behavior

Rare earth (Ce, Nd) doped/co-doped titania (TiO2) nanoparticles were successfully produced by hydrothermal route. Titanium isopropoxide (IV), cerium nitrate hexahydrate and neodymium nitrate hexahydrate were utilized as raw/starting materials. The effect of Ce and Nd doping/co-doping in TiO2 were studied through different complementary tools such as XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, XPS, UV–Visible, PL, photocatalytic and thermal analysis. XRD spectra revealed anatase tetragonal phase and cubic phase due to titania and ceria nanoparticles respectively. The crystallite size, lattice constants, volume and no. of unit cell were determined through XRD data. Optical studies revealed the band gap, urbach energy, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical conductivity and photoluminescence emission wavelength. FTIR spectra investigated the chemical bondings and functional groups present in prepared samples. Optical absorption spectra confirmed that absorption edge is red shifted, indicating a decrease in band gap from 3.5 to 3.0 eV with the incorporation of rare earth ions (Ce, Nd) in TiO2 matrix. The rate of electron-hole pair recombination was reduced through co-doping of (Ce, Nd) in TiO2 lattice as exhibited by reduction in intensity of photo luminescence spectra. The photocatalytic efficiency was enhanced with the integration of rare earth metal ions in TiO2 matrix for different dyes such as rhodamine B (RhB) and malachite green (MG) with visible light irradiation. The degradation efficiency of (Ce, Nd) co-doped TiO2 NPs against RhB and MG dyes was found to be 89 and 95 % respectively. TGA analysis was carried out to find weight loss during different thermodynamic phases such as dehydration, decomposition and combustion, and crystallization. Various thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy, entropy and enthalpy were estimated by thermal analysis.

Fe-doped TiO2 nanocrystals as highly efficient catalysts for heterogeneous catalytic transesterification of coconut oil

BackgroundThe impact of Fe doped TiO2 nanocatalyst on the heterogeneous catalytic transesterification reaction of coconut oil into biodiesel has been investigated. MethodsThe nanocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide as TiO2 precursor and Fe(NO3)3 as iron (Fe) source. Several conditions of Fe-TiO2 were synthesized, each with Fe concentration of 0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 %, and calcined at 500 °C. The nanocatalyst's physical and chemical characteristics including phase crystallinity and morphology were examined. Significant findingsWe found that the biodiesel conversion efficiency increases with the increasing of Fe content in the Fe-TiO2 nanocatalyst and optimum at the Fe concentration of 1.5 % (w/w). The optimal Fe-TiO2 nanocatalyst could yield biodiesel output as high as 30.8 %, under at a relatively low temperature of 60 °C. Furthermore, the presence of the nanocatalyst effectively reduced the free fatty acid content in the biodiesel product by 1.43 %. Moreover, the acidity of the produced biodiesel was exceptionally low, at 0.02 %, primarily attributed to lauric acid. These exceptional performances are believed to be attributed to the enhanced surface chemistry properties of the Fe-TiO2 nanocatalyst. The Fe-TiO2 system is expected to find extensive application in the cost-effective production of biodiesel.

Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by electrospun TiO2 nanofibres synthesised from two different titanium molecular precursors.

The evaluation of the photocatalytic properties of electrospun TiO2 nanofibres (TiO2-NFs) synthesised in the same experimental conditions using two distinct precursors, tetraisopropyl orthotitanate (TTIP) and tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TNBT), with morphology and crystalline structure controlled by annealing at 460°C for 3h is presented. The presence of circular-shaped TiO2-NFs was corroborated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the chemical binding energies and their interactions of the TiO2 with the different incorporated impurities were determined; the most intense photoelectronic transitions of Ti 2p3/2 (458.39eV), O 1s (529.65eV) and C 1s (284.51eV) were detected for TTIP and slightly blue-shifted for TNBT. By using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the chemical element percentages in TiO2 were determined. Using X-ray diffraction, it was found that the annealed electrospun TiO2-NFs presented the anatase crystalline phase and confirmed by Raman scattering. Bandgap energies were determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy at room temperature. The photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide under exposure to ultraviolet light was studied using the TiO2-NFs obtained with the two molecular precursors. The results showed that the catalyst, prepared with the TTIP precursor, turned out to be the one that presented the highest photocatalytic activity with a half-life time (t1/2) of 28min and a degradation percentage of 93%. The total organic carbon (TOC) in the solutions resulting from the 2,4-D degradation by the TiO2-NFs was measured, which showed a TOC removal of 50.67% for the TTIP sample and 36.14% for the TNBT sample. Finally, by using FTIR spectroscopy, the final chemical compounds of the degradation were identified as H2O and CO2.

Silver nanoparticles-promoted bismuth titanate perovskite nanosheets photocatalyst for water purification

Photocatalysis is a recognized approach in the detoxification of pollutants and in water splitting. Such process is more appealing when it is driven by visible or solar light. In this context, we synthesized bismuth titanate perovskite oxide (Bi4Ti3O12, BTO) photocatalyst by sol–gel hydrothermal process. The resulting BTO materials was affected by the titania source and by the synthesis medium pH parameter. Titanium butoxide [Ti(n-BuO)4] was much better than titanium isopropoxide [Ti(i-PrO)4] in producing regular nanosheets with higher surface area, while 75 ml of 5.0 M sodium hydroxide was the optimum concentration for the synthesis of regular, thin, porous, almost equal size nanosheets. The photocatalytic activity of BTO was improved by loading silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by photo-assisted reduction. The optimum weight percent of loading AgNPs was found to be 1.5 % because it led to the highest light absorbance, the smallest band gap energy, the minimum rate of electron-hole recombination. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 1.5 wt% Ag/BTO reached as high as 99.0 % of rhodamine B (RhB, 100 ml, 6 ppm of initial concentration) under 70 min of irradiating visible light (>420 nm). Moreover, pH had a strong influence on the photocatalytic activity of 1.5 wt% Ag/BTO, with pH = 3.0 was the optimum, owing to its impact on the interaction between the positively-charged photocatalyst surface and the negatively-charged RhB molecules. It was found that superoxide radicals played key role in the photocatalytic activity.

Thermal and/or Microwave Treatment: Insight into the Preparation of Titania-Based Materials for CO2 Photoreduction to Green Chemicals.

Titanium dioxide was synthesized via hydrolysis of titanium (IV) isopropoxide using a sol-gel method, under neutral or basic conditions, and heated in the microwave-assisted solvothermal reactor and/or high-temperature furnace. The phase composition of the prepared samples was determined using the X-ray diffraction method. The specific surface area and pore volumes were determined through low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies. The photoactivity of the samples was tested through photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. The composition of the gas phase was analyzed using gas chromatography, and hydrogen, carbon oxide, and methane were identified. The influence of pH and heat treatment on the physicochemical properties of titania-based materials during photoreduction of carbon dioxide have been studied. It was found that the photocatalysts prepared in neutral environment were shown to result in a higher content of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane in the gas phase compared to photocatalysts obtained under basic conditions. The highest amounts of hydrogen were detected in the processes using photocatalysts heated in the microwave reactor, and double-heated photocatalysts.

Enhanced optical and electrical properties of Nb-doped TiO2 thin films synthesized by atomic layer deposition using the supercycle strategy

Herein, we report highly transparent and conductive Nb-doped TiO2 thin films successfully grown by a thermal ALD process at 300 °C using titanium tetraisopropoxide, niobium(V) ethoxide, and water. The deposition was carried out by employing a supercycle approach, alternating cycles of Ti precursor followed by a monocycle of Nb precursor, thereby enabling precise control over the Nb dopant concentration. We demonstrate the crucial impact of the dopant concentration and annealing conditions played on the thickness, structure, morphology, composition, and optical and electrical properties of the resulting films. The incorporation of niobium dopants led to significant improvements in the film's characteristics. The Nb-doped TiO2 films exhibited an enhanced optical transmission efficiency up to 15 %, along with a remarkable reduction in resistivity by four orders of magnitude, reaching 10−3 Ω.cm, compared to undoped TiO2 films. These high performances establish Nb-doped TiO2 thin films as promising TCOs with wide-ranging applications in fields that require efficient current collection or injection in conjunction with optical radiation transmission.

Preparation of novel cellulose from outer skin and seeds of Manilla tamarind (Pithecellobium dulce)-Ag/TiO2/Chitosan nanocomposite and its biological properties

The current study was aimed to prepare a novel composite thin film from Manilla tamarind (MC) outer skin and seeds with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and TiO2 nanoparticles and blended with chitosan (Ch). NaBH4 was used to prepare MC/AgNPs composite utilizing the reduction process. Solvent casting method was used to prepare a thin film of the composite material MC/AgNPs//TiO2/Ch. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) displayed the diffusion of Ch and AgNPs and TiO2 on the surface of MC network. The average particle size of AgNPs distributed on the MC is between 47 and 48 nm. Nanotitania was prepared by sol-gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide and isopropanol. Antibacterial studies show that the nanocomposite exhibited higher inhibition effects against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli than isolated Manilla cellulose. The photodegradation of nanocomposite showed 77 % within just 10 min. Antioxidant studies were analyzed by using DPPH radical at 517 nm. The percentage of antioxidant activity of MC and nanocomposite showed as 27.15 % and 30.41 % respectively with DPPH radical. The high capability of antibacterial and photocatalytic effects finds application in food packaging applications and wastewater treatment.

Synthesis, characterization and sensing applications of TiO2 doped MOF composites for selective detection of ammonia at room temperature

Herein, we have developed a highly sensitive chemiresistive TiO2 doped metal–organic framework(MOF) composite-based sensor for ammonia detection at room temperature. Two novel Ti-MOFs@TiO2 composites are developed employing terephthalic acid and 2-amino terephthalic acid as organic linkers with Titanium tetra isopropoxide (TTIP) as a metal source by solvothermal technique. The morphology and crystallinity of synthesized compounds were characterized by using Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with EDX analysis, X-ray diffraction (PXRD), XPS and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis techniques. MIL-125@TiO2 sensors exhibited a more specific surface area (374.74 m2 g−1) than the other three compounds. For gas-sensing applications, all composite materials were exposed to different gas vapours like ammonia, formaldehyde, acetic acid, ethyl alcohol, acetone, xylene, toluene and benzene at room temperature. The sensing results indicate that the sensors exhibit excellent response at low concentrations of ammonia, formaldehyde and acetic acid gases (1 ppm level). The enhanced sensor response was attributed to MIL-125@TiO2 (85 response at 50 ppm) and NH2-MIL-125@TiO2 (71 response at 50 ppm) towards ammonia gas and shows a better selectivity, sensitivity and repeatability to ammonia gas. All the materials exhibited less response times (between 8 and 45 sec) and more recovery times (between 13 and 125 sec).

Preparation of Oil Palm Leaves Ash-Supported Titania for the Elimination of Safranin-O Dye in Water

ABSTACT. The objective of this study was to develop an approach for incorporating titanium oxide or titania into oil palm leaves ash (OPLA) using a simple procedure. The study process comprised the mixing of oil palm leaves (OPL) powder and titanium tetraisopropoxide in chloroform solvent, followed by the elimination of the solvent to obtain a solid residue. Subsequently, the residue obtained was calcined at 500 °C for 5 hours, leading to the production of a yellow-light powder. The results of product characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the presence of titanium oxide in OPLA. In addition, the wide diffractogram detected in XRD analysis revealed the presence of a silica peak. The un-sharp peaks in the regions of 25.6°, 38.2°, 47.9°, 54.5°, and 62.9° showed that the TiO2 particles were pure anatase, and no peaks of other TiO2-anatase phases were detected. Analysis using SEM showed that the surface of the material obtained was irregular and tended to have a hollow shape, while energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed a SiO2 content of approximately 73%. However, the titanium element or titania was not detected possibly due to its small concentration. The material obtained also had a good catalytic activity for safranin-O dye elimination under sunlight irradiation, which served as the activation energy source. Based on these findings, the use of OPLA (a side product of oil palm plantations) could be evaluated economically due to its effective role in the catalytic process despite the addition of a small amount of titania catalyst. Keywords: Oil palm leaves ash, titania, safranin-O, sunlight irradiation.

Biogenically synthesized porous TiO2 nanostructures for advanced anti-bacterial, electrochemical, and photocatalytic applications

This study develops environmentally benign capping technique to synthesize nanoparticles of Curcuma longa-coated titanium dioxide (CR-TiO2) from titanium isopropoxide by utilizing the extract of Rosa rubiginosa flowers as reducing and chelating agent. The biogenically synthesized nanoparticles revealed excellent anti-bacterial, electrochemical, and photocatalytic properties due to the presence of porous TiO2 nanostructures. The sharp peaks by XRD pattern showed the crystallinity and phase purity of TiO2 nanoparticles. BET analysis proved mesoporous nature of the materials with specific surface area of 134 m2 g −1. The vibrational spectra suggest hydroxyl groups from flavonoids of Curcuma longa acting as functionalizing agent for TiO2 nanoporous structures with visible luminescence, which is proven in fluorescence spectra and is applicable for photocatalytic studies. The anti-bacterial studies showed good inference on TiO2 nanoparticles against Pseudomonas auruginosa and proved it to be an excellent antipseudomonal agent with the oxidative potential. The maximum degradation of phenol red dye in the presence of TiO2 under visible light conditions was observed. The supercapacitor fabricated using the biogenic TiO2 three-electrode system exhibited a specific capacitance of 128 Fg-1 (10 mV s−1), suggesting it as an excellent electrode material. The LSV curve at 50 mV s−1 scan rate showed that oxygen reduction potential (ORR) of CR-TiO2 electrodes was 121 mV. The present study is a new application of nanoparticles in sustainability consideration of the environment as well as a solution to the power crisis with fewer limitations. The well-distinguished antidiabetic and BSA denaturation potential suggests that these porous TiO2 nanostructures can be useful for drug delivery as glucose inhibitors and oral anti-inflammatory drugs with the restriction of adverse side effects.

Impact on preferred orientation and crystal strain behavior of nanocrystal anatase-TiO2 by X-ray diffraction technique

The primary goal of this research outline is the conversion of titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) at 50.0 °C to form a high crystalline preferred oriented predominant (101) with a low crystal strain of 90.0 % anatase-TiO2 phase. With the interval of time, the peptizing agent (IP) reacts to an acidic aqueous medium and preferential growth of anatase-TiO2 has been identified. Exhaustive recombination in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis ensures the crystal strain, lattice volume, lattice parameters, d-spacing and crystallite size. UV–vis-NIR showed maximum absorption of 320.0 nm with 0.78 a.u. at blue shift for decreasing nano-size and smaller bandgap 3.0313 eV of larger dimensions anatase-TiO2. The preferred orientation also revealed by nanobeam diffraction (NBD) of TEM enables qualitative lattice type and highly crystal orientated predominant (101) plane 5.60 nm−1 in a diffraction pattern imposed on 200.0 kv parallel electron bean from LaB6 filament.