Titanium Carbide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Hybrid Nanocomposites Reinforced with Alumina and Titanium Carbide Nanoparticles

Investigation of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Hybrid Nanocomposites Reinforced with Alumina and Titanium Carbide Nanoparticles

Non-covalent functionalization at Titanium carbide nano-particles for strengthening the interface with polyaryletherketone matrix for developing high-strength adhesives

In this study, a highly effective cationic polymer, Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), was used to bond Titanium Carbide (TiC) nano-particles (NPs) non-covalently with matrix polyaryletherketone (PAEK). Functionalization of PDDA to TiC NPs was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Zeta potential, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Both TiC NPs (3 wt%) (untreated and PDDA-treated) were added to PAEK, as a filler for reinforcement and elevating friction. The addition of TiC NPs (untreated and treated) in the PAEK led to an improvement in selected performance properties such as thermal stability (by 11 and 13 °C), surface free energy (17 and 29%), and lap shear strength (LSS) (116 and 161%) respectively. Plastic deformation, cup formaion and micro-striation formation were the major failure mechanisms. PDDA treatment to TiC NPs resulted in better and more uniform deagglomeration in the PAEK matrix, strengthened particle-matrix interface, higher surface energy, and hence more adhesion with the adherend. The improved strengthening of both the interfaces (NPs with the matrix and nanocomposite with the metallic adherend) led to an enhanced performance by the treated NPs.

Fretting wear characteristics of Ti6Al4V/TiC nano composites using response surface method

This study explores the impact of titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles on the microstructure and fretting wear performance of Ti64-GV alloys. The Ti64 alloys, featuring varying TiC concentrations, were fabricated through spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Fretting experiments followed a face-centered central composite design methodology, employing a second-order quadratic regression model to analyze wear volume loss and coefficient of friction (CoF). The findings revealed a notable reduction in wear volume loss and friction coefficient with increasing TiC content. The presence of TiC significantly enhanced the wear resistance of Nano-composites due to heightened hardness and oxidation wear resistance. Employing hybrid desirability-based response surface methodology (RSM) led to substantial improvements in wear characteristics (37% in CoF and 46% in wear volume loss). Microstructural analysis affirmed enhanced surface quality and textures using the RSM hybrid approach for predicting optimal process parameters.

FTIR study of nanocrystalline titanium carbide (TiC) particles exposed to gamma radiation

The infrared (IR) spectra of nanocrystalline TiC particles have been compared before and after gamma radiation (5 Mrad, 15 Mrad, 50 Mrad and 150 Mrad) in the 400–4000 cm−1 wavenumber. According to the general approach, the analysis of the spectra has revealed that four sharp peaks appear in the sample before gamma radiation. The value of the wavenumber in TiC nanoparticles, which explains the Ti–C bond, has been determined before and after gamma radiation. Amorphous transformation and other changes in the nanocrystalline TiC particles under the gamma radiation have been explained by FTIR spectroscopy. Simultaneously, the effects of gamma radiation have been explained by wavenumbers corresponding to various spatial oscillations on the surface of nanocrystalline TiC particles. Moreover, the optimized bond structure of TiC nanoparticles and possible bond changes under the gamma radiation are described elaborately in the study.

Individual and collective effects of titanium carbides and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on reinforcing the Inconel 625 alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

Nano-additives reinforced Inconel 625 alloys were manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), consisting of titanium carbide nanoparticles (TiC) and/or nickel-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes ((Ni)MWCNT). Microstructural characterization revealed that respective structures of TiC and (Ni)MWCNT nano-additives were retained, while the (Ni)MWCNT experienced fragmentation into shorter segments after ball milling and LPBF. Compared to LPBF In625, the reinforced samples showed enhanced ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness, despite decreased elongation to failure. Nano-additives exert varying effects on the properties of the alloys. Individually, (Ni)MWCNT strengthens the alloy, and TiC plays an insignificant role; collectively, they strengthen the material to a higher degree, via refining the cell size and probably increasing dislocation density.

The Comparative Third‐Order Nonlinearities of Titanium Carbide and Tungsten Carbide in the Visible Regain

AbstractThis study investigates the structure and properties of Titanium carbide (TiC) and Tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles. The X‐ray diffraction patterns confirm the presence of a hexagonal structure in WC nanoparticles and cubic structure in TiC nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy analysis reveals the particle sizes to be within the range of 30–50 nm. The bandgap of TiC and WC nanoparticles are 3.5 and 3.6 eV, respectively based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) along with Kubelka–Munk. Furthermore, the optical phonons and dielectric function of WC and TiC nanoparticles are investigated using the reflectance spectra along with the Kramers–Kronig (KK) method. Furthermore, the Z‐scan technique, employing a Nd:YAG laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm, is utilized to assess the nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics of WC and TiC nanoparticles. The open aperture Z‐scan measurements of WC nanoparticles indicate reverse saturable absorption (RSA) behavior and a positive nonlinear refraction (NLR) coefficient. On the other hand, TiC nanoparticles show RSA behavior with a negative NLR effect. The order of NLR, nonlinear absorption coefficient, and the susceptibility of TiC and WC are 10−8 cm2 W−1, 10−4 cm W−1, and 10−6 esu, respectively.

Tribological characterization of laminated hybrid AA1050/TiC/Graphite composite bars

Hybrid composites (HC) refer to a type of material that combines aluminum (Al), titanium carbide (TiC), and graphite (Gr) at the nano level. These HC have shown promise in applications requiring high strength, wear resistance (WR), and tribological performance, such as automotive, aerospace, and industrial sectors. In this study, these HC are made using a combination of Powder metallurgy (PM) and accumulative press bonding (APB) processes have been developed. This is the first time that the wear resistance of a hybrid metal matrix composite fabricated with Gr as a solid lubricant has been done and thid is the novelty of this study. In fact, the presence of TiC nanoparticles (NP) provides improved mechanical properties, such as hardness (Hr), strength, and WR for HC. On the other hand, Gr acts as a solid nano-lubricant (NLU) in HC, reducing friction and WR during sliding contact. The presence of Gr-NP also helps to form a durable Gr-nanolayer on tribo surfaces and further improves the WR of HC. This study used a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results demonstrated that incorporating TiC- NP reduced the WR rate and promoted NL development at extended sliding distances, creating a durable TiC/Gr HC on the TS. Finally, the improved WR of Al/TiC/Gr-HC can be attributed to the stability of the Gr-NL on the TS.

Physico‐mechanical, and thermal properties of sisal/hemp/Kevlar fibers, fly ash and Titanium Carbide nanoparticles reinforced bioepoxy composites

AbstractIn the present investigation, the chemically treated and untreated sisal/hemp fibers, fly ash or titanium carbide (TiC) nanofillers, and Kevlar fabrics reinforced bio epoxy (Sr 56) polymer matrix were manufactured using the wet layup method. Experimentation was performed to study the physical, mechanical and thermal properties. This investigation also includes determining the influence of accelerated weathering on the specimen surface for 5 months. The tensile fracture of the sample before and after the accelerated weathering from scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures exhibited that the extensive failure principles in the laminates in terms of matrix cracking, fiber breakage, delamination, and fiber pull out. The thermal analysis examined the onset, endset temperature, transition loss, and carbon residue which were also reduced after the accelerated weathering. It exhibits that adding fly ash or TiC nanoparticles as an altered inhibitor against the weathering in the bio epoxy hybrid composite scheme can reduce the undesirable impacts from moisture and Ultra‐violet light exposure.Highlights Sisal/hemp fibers were chemically treated to reduce hydrophilicity. Contact angle of KSCHCTBE56 improved to 84.04°. SEM confirmed uniform dispersion of fillers and enhance mechanical strength. Mechanical and thermal characteristics reduced after accelerated weathering.

Mechanical and corrosion characteristics of TiC reinforced Ni-P based nanocomposite coatings

The requirement for effective corrosion protection and better mechanical properties in various industries employing metal components has led to the growth of nickel (Ni)-based metallic coatings. The electroless-synthesized nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) nanocomposite has emerged as a particularly promising preference among other metallic coatings. This research investigates the mechanical and electrochemical performance of Ni-P coatings reinforced with titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles at various concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 g/L) of TiC nanoparticles. The evaluation of structural and topographical modifications caused by TiC nanoparticles introduced in the coating bath was carried out employing XRD, FE-SEM/EDS elemental mapping, and AFM techniques. Comprehensive assessments through microhardness and nanoindentation results reveal significant enhancements in mechanical properties. Additionally, erosion studies performed at various impact angles provided valuable insights into crater geometry as well as resistance against erosion. Furthermore, the highest hardness value of 665 HV0.05 was achieved at the composition of Ni-P-0.75TiC as well as electrochemical impedance spectrometry analysis shows a remarkable corrosion inhibition efficiency of 96.6% and potentiodynamic polarization inhibition efficiency of 97.99% as compared to the carbon steel substrate. As a result of their exceptional mechanical performance and good corrosion resistance, Ni-P-TiC nanocomposite coatings can be valuable options across many applications requiring adequate corrosion resistance and superior mechanical properties.

A novel way to fabricate high elastic modulus and high strength of TiC reinforced aluminum matrix composite

ABSTRACT This study presents an experimental investigation on Al matrix composites (AMCs) reinforced titanium carbide (TiC) nano-particles produced by five accumulative roll bonding cycles and three cryorolling (CR) cycles. The microstructures and mechanical properties of composites were studied. The results exhibited consequentially improved mechanical properties for processed Al/TiC AMCs as the number of rolling cycles increased. The presence of TiC in Al matrix showed the combination of elastic modulus, hardness, yield, and ultimate tensile stress of 84 ± 2GPa, 86 ± 3HV, 240 ± 12MPa, and 308 ± 15MPa, respectively. The dispersion of TiC particles was improved with increasing in the number of rolling cycles, resulting in a decrease in porosity between the matrix and reinforcement. This phenomenon was attributed to the breakup of particle clusters and their subsequent uniform dispersion within the Al matrix under CR. The composite microstructure shows uniform TiC particle distribution and grain refinement in the Al matrix, which all contribute to the enhanced mechanical properties.

Discarded water hyacinth/pineapple fibers and carbon/innegra fabrics and TiC nanoparticles reinforced UV resistant polyester composites

The widespread utilization of plant cellulose fiber-inorganic fillers-synthetic fabric-reinforced laminates is the current trend in the research field. This investigation studies the effect of chemically treated and untreated water hyacinth/pineapple leaf, titanium carbide nanoparticles, Innegra, and carbon fabric reinforcement on the physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of ultra-violet resistant polyester hybrid composites. The chemically treated and untreated water hyacinth/pineapple leaf fibers were examined from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and found that chemically treated fibers have an excellent interlocking bond with TiC nanoparticles, Innegra, carbon fabric, and polyester matrix. The maximum tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, impact strength, and shore hardness also affirmed good interfacial bonding of fillers and textiles within the matrix as examined from SEM micrographs. The present investigation also determines the forecasting of the approaches and performance of artificial neural network (ANN) to model the material characteristics of fabricated polyester hybrid composite. Furthermore, the ANN model was more accurate and a valuable technique to optimize the material characteristics of the developed polyester hybrid composite.

Effect of bio-fibers and inorganic fillers reinforcement on mechanical and thermal characteristics on carbon-kevlar-basalt-innegra fiber bio/ synthetic epoxy hybrid composites

The hybridization of plant cellulose fillers in polymeric laminates is applied in different applications because of several benefits. The present investigation deals with the fabrication of four other eight-layer laminates by reinforcing bio fillers (coir, sisal, and hemp), Titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles, and ranging the stacking sequence of synthetic fabrics (carbon, Kevlar, Basalt, and Innegra) with bio/synthetic epoxy from wet layup technique. The fabricated laminate's characteristics were appraised by examining density, porosity, water absorption, flexural, impact strength, shore hardness, and thermal stability. It was observed from the experimental outcomes that the 3F8LTSE (Sisal, hemp, coir fillers, 2 layers of Carbon, Kevlar, Basalt, Innegra fabrics, and Titanium carbide reinforced synthetic epoxy) composite exhibited higher mechanical characteristics with a higher flexural strength (312.58 MPa), impact strength (35.13 kJ/m2), and shore D hardness (84.95), and decreased water absorption capacity by justifying its adequate for lightweight structures. The scanning electron microscope displayed the fiber pull out, debonding, and dispersion of fillers within the matrix of the composite. The current study also evaluates the prediction and performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) to model the physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics of bio/synthetic epoxy hybrid composites. However, the ANN model was more precise and proved that it is a primary method to optimize the properties of the fabricated bio/synthetic epoxy laminate.

Titanium carbide nanoparticles filled PVA-PAAm nanocomposites: structural and electrical characteristics for application in energy storage

Titanium carbide nanoparticles filled PVA-PAAm nanocomposites: structural and electrical characteristics for application in energy storage

Texture evolution, segregation behavior, and mechanical properties of 2060 Al-Li (aluminium-lithium) composites reinforced by TiC (titanium carbide) nanoparticles

Particle-reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (PMMCs) of 2060 Al-Li (aluminium-lithium) were prepared with nano-sized TiC (titanium carbide) particles and investigated the physico-chemical behavior of these nanoparticles using the electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and simulations. A model, coupling heat-flow-solute-phase field was established, linking macroscopic and microscopic conditions, which predicts the cooling rate, grain size, discrete phase distribution, and segregation law. The relationship between the TiC nanoparticles and aluminium matrix was evaluated, and (111) TiC was found to be parallel to the (111) Al, with low mismatch and smooth interfacial connections, which, in turn, facilitated efficient nucleation of the aluminium matrix. The grain size of the direct casting samples (DC) is 541.8 μm, and that of the direct casting samples reinforced by nano-particles (TDC) is 41.3 μm, a substantial reduction of 92.4%. Compared to DC, the tensile strength of TDC increased from 516 MPa to 575 MPa, and its elongation increased from 5.6% to 9.9% after T8 treatment. The reinforced nanoparticles were found to be rotation sensitive and reduced the localized large deformation, thus weakening the texture, and reducing the structural anisotropy; the nanoparticles reduced the accumulation of high-concentration solutes in the liquid phase, and also reduced the segregation gradient. The relatively simple preparation process makes it suitable for large-scale industrial production of PMMCs Al-Li alloys.

Low Velocity Impact Behaviour of Composite Laminates Containing TiC and ZrC Nanoparticles in Resin System

Composite structures utilized in defence and aerospace applications might be subjected to impacts due to bird strike, tool dropping and bullet penetration. One of the approaches to this problem is to add nano tubes and nano particles to resin systems in order to improve bonding between fibres and matrix materials. Different nano-particles or nano-tubes of clays, alumina, silica, carbon and graphene have been analysed in composite systems in the literature so far because of the improved mechanical properties. In this study, the low velocity impact behaviour of the aramid fibre reinforced epoxy composite plates, containing two new nano-particles of TiC and ZrC which are not studied formerly, are searched experimentally. After the low velocity impact tests, it is concluded that plates containing titanium carbide nano-particles and zirconium nano-particles yielded 19 % and 4 % respectively less penetration in comparison with particle free plates. In other words, titanium carbide nano-particles contained plates showed more resistance against the impact by 19 % against to particle free plates. These results showed that TiC and ZrC nano particles might be also good contributors for the impact resistance of composite structure.

Investigation on Wear Analysis of Aluminium (Al) 7075 Alloy Reinforced with Titanium Carbide (TiC) and Graphene (Gr) Nanoparticles

In this study wear behavior of metal matrix nanocomposites covers a distinctive mixture of Al 7075 reinforced through Titanium Carbide (TiC) and Graphene in nanoform. Present work consists of Al7075 base metal is reinforced with nanopowder TiC (2.5 % wt.) and Graphene (0.25% wt.). The samples casted by ultrasonic stir casting technique and machining in accordance with ASTM standards, then tested for wear behavioral characteristics using pin on disc. This method was functional to determine the effect of three factors like sliding velocity, applied load and sliding distance for the above work by using the Taguchi method. By considering three factors, three levels, and the composition of nanoTiC (2.5%) by keeping a constant Graphene (0.25% wt.), the applied load variations in steps are 10 N, 20 N, and 30 N, the sliding velocity is 1.5m/sec, 2.5m/sec, and 3.5 m/sec, and the sliding distances 500m, 1000m, and 1500 m to study the wear behavior.

Optimization of Water Absorption and Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of Polylactic Acid/Chitosan/Titanium Carbide

Nanocomposites are being studied for their mechanical, thermal, and water absorption capabilities. Polylactic acid/chitosan blends have been studied extensively for their physical, mechanical, and morphological properties. Although the three materials have been blended, no research has been done on the mechanical or morphological properties of PLA/CS/TiC NPs. PLA/CS bonding is quite deprived, and thus researchers are trying to improve it by introducing TiC NPs; this would improve the composites’ overall quality (mechanical and thermal characteristics as well as water absorption) by increasing the strength of the bind between the two materials. The impacts of TiC NPs on PLA/CS properties are studied using FTIR and XRD and thermal (TGA) and mechanical investigations. Titanium carbide nanoparticles in the polylactic acid/chitosan matrix increase the mechanical characteristics of the materials. As an outcome, the TiC content in the sample rises to 4 wt % even though adding TiC NPs increased the mechanical properties by up to 2%. The findings of this study might be applied to the development of environmentally friendly casings.

An environment-friendly polyurethane composite membrane decorated by superhydrophobic modification of TiC as high efficient separator of oil-water emulsion

The exploring of sustainable, durable and superwetting composite nanofiber membrane as efficient separator for oil-water emulsion is one of the biggest challenges in the field of wastewater treatment. Herin, an environment-friendly polyurethane (bio-PU) was synthesized by introducing biodegradable polycaprolactone diol (PCLd) segments. The superhydrophobic modified titanium carbide nanoparticle (TiCp) by 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (PFDTS) was decorated on eletrospun bio-PU nanofiber matrix, which could also regulate the microstructure of bio-PU composite membrane. The prepared bio-PU/TiCP membrane displayed superhydrophobicity with WCA of 153.1 ± 1.2°, which attributed to its hierarchical structure composed of nanofibers, microspheres and nanoparticles. Even for oil-water emulsion, the bio-PU/TiCP membrane exhibited the outstanding separation efficiency of 99.65% and high flux of 2464.79 L m−2 h−1. The bio-PU/TiCP membrane also had the excellent self-cleaning, water repellency and recyclability. These characters endowed it great potential application in sustainable separator.

Surface Defects on Semicoherent and Incoherent NaCl-Type Carbides Dispersed in Hot-Rolled Ferritic Steel

The interface structure of semicoherent titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles and incoherent micron-sized TiC precipitates in Fe–C–Ti alloy hot-rolled steel sheets was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and positron annihilation spectrometry (PAS). The TiC nanoparticles were formed by interphase precipitation during the γ-to-α transformation, and the coarse micron-sized TiC precipitates remained in the matrix as undissolved carbides in the slab reheating process before hot rolling. The semicoherent TiC nanoparticles have coherent planes with the Baker–Nutting orientation relationship and incoherent surface almost parallel to {001}α planes. The present investigation revealed that positrons are not annihilated inside TiC particles but rather are trapped at open volume misfit defects located at the incoherent interface between TiC particles and the matrix. The positron lifetime related to misfit defects associated with the semicoherent TiC nanoparticles and incoherent micron-sized TiC precipitates was around 240 ps and 500 ps, respectively. Considering the results of TEM observations and the theoretical positron lifetime, it can be concluded that the positron annihilation site related to TiC nanoparticles is located at the incoherent interface and consists of some vacancies.

Enhancement of Corrosion Resistance Properties of Electrodeposited Ni/nano-TiC Composite Layers.

This paper presents novel results on the effects of the dispersion of titanium carbide nanoparticles (50 nm mean diameter) into a nickel-plating electrolyte on the corrosion behavior of the nanocomposite layers obtained. The Ni/nano-TiC layers are compared with pure nickel layers obtained at the same electrodeposition parameters with 60 mA·cm−2 current density and 10 min deposition time. The comparative corrosion performances are investigated using a three-electrode electrochemical cell in a solution (mixed boric acid with lithium hydroxide), which simulates the primary water circuit of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Open circuit potential measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed as the electrochemical methods, using an electrochemical workstation connected to an electrochemical cell, as well as a PC with software to drive the experimental work. The results clearly revealed enhanced corrosion properties for the Ni/nano-TiC hybrid layers as compared to the pure Ni layers. The significantly improved corrosion behavior can be attributed to the TiC nanoparticles embedded into the Ni matrix, which have the effect of insulating centers at the composite layer/corrosive solution interface.