Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Research Articles

Characterization of titanium dioxide nanomaterials synthesized from leaf extract of Pogostemon cablin Benth and their potential antifungal activity

Recently, dermal infections caused by fungus have increased drastically, affecting people’s daily lives and causing embarrassment. These infections are either due to dermatophytes or non-dermatophytic fungi. Basically, three genera of dermatophytes namely Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermohyton are the main cause of dermatophytosis. Candida albicans is also responsible for some dermal infections as a non-dermatophytic fungus. Traditional antifungal compounds cause side effects and resistance in fungi, so better and non-toxic alternatives are needed. Now a day’s, nanotechnology is widely used in the pharmaceutical field and has proven to be a good antifungal agent. This study used TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) against four human pathogens Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum, and Candida albicans. Green and chemical synthesis methods were used for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles. In green synthesis, we used aqueous leaf extract of Pogostemon cablin Benth. The formation of TiO2 nanoparticles is confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. According to XRD, the average size of chemically synthesized nanoparticles was 70.52 nm, while green synthesized nanoparticles were 71.82 nm. All the characterizations support that Pogostemon cablin aqueous extract can synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined according to the broth microdilution recommended assay. This study concluded that green synthesized TiO2 NPs showed good results against all four pathogens.

Utilizing chitosan and titanium dioxide nanomaterials and their nanocomposites for improving the growth and biochemical responses of Sorghum bicolor (L.)

It is imperative to comprehensively assess the impact of nano-based technologies on plants and ensure their safety before integrating them into agricultural practices. In this context, the present study demonstrates the effect of nanosized chitosan (CS), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and CS/TiO2 nanocomposites (NCPs) on Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, the fifth most important grain crop globally. The nanomaterials were chemically synthesized and characterized in terms of size, surface morphology, structure, functional groups, and hydrodynamic diameter. S. bicolor plants were cultivated in soil spiked with these nanomaterials at two different concentrations (100 and 200 ppm) for up to 30 days. Compared to control plants, all three nanomaterials stimulated the growth of S. bicolor by 3-23% and enhancednutrient uptake. Additionally, they increased the concentrations of chlorophyll (35-94%), starch (13-19%), cellulose (12-56%), and protein (3-119%) in the shoots, while reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. However, elevated MDA levels in the roots of plants treated with TiO2 nanoparticles and CS/TiO2 NCPs indicated that mild oxidative stress had occurred, which the plant managed to counteract by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. The findings of this study confirm the safety of using these nanomaterials and provide a foundation for future research aimed at enhancing the growth, adaptability, and yield of S. bicolor.

Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterial Ink Production Through Laser Ablation Synthesis in Solution for Printed Electronics Applications

Flexible and printed electronics have become increasingly popular as they make possible the production of flexible, low‐cost, multifunction devices that are unachievable through traditional manufacturing methods. The printed films are significantly impacted and thus limited by the existing ink production process. Herein, an alternate technique of generating high‐quality titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle ink compatible with aerosol jet printing using laser ablation synthesis in solution (LASiS) is showcased. Dynamic light scattering data and transmission electron microscopy confirm the particle size distribution. UV–vis measurements are performed, and the Beer–Lambert relationship is used to determine the concentration of the generated ink. The inks generated at two different repetition rates are compared: 200 kHz and 1 MHz. X‐Ray diffraction analysis of the aerosol jet printed thin film post‐thermal sintering confirms the grain size and phase purity of the printed thin films. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of the LASiS technique in producing printable nanoparticle inks with little‐to‐no postprocessing.

Evaluation of sol-gel and solvothermal method on titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite

The present study compares two synthesis routes to obtain titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites that could be used as photoelectrodes in a water-splitting photoelectrocatalytic system. The nanocomposites were obtained using in-situ sol-gel and solvothermal methods as fabrication routes. Subsequently, the materials obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. The results indicated a strong interaction between reduced graphene oxide and titanium dioxide nanomaterials using both synthesis processes; however, the in-situ sol-gel method exhibited more significant conservation of the aromatic rings of the graphene structure and a lower bandgap (2.45 eV), which are suitable characteristics for its potential use in photoelectrocatalytic processes.

Selective (sono)photocatalytic cleavage of lignin-inspired β–O–4 linkages to phenolics by ultrasound derived 1-D titania nanomaterials

Catalytic conversion of lignin to value-added aromatic compounds is still an open challenge, since the selective cleavage of the linkages interconnecting the aromatic molecules, especially the β-O-4 ones, is not efficiently achieved yet. Herein, novel titania-based nanostructured materials were synthesized using low-power-low-frequency ultrasound that demonstrated high efficiency for the selective cleavage of Cα-Cβ bond of β-O-4 linkages of lignin-inspired model compounds. Going a step ahead, experiments of sonophotocatalytic valorization of 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol were contacted for the first time, where the exposure to ultrasound leading to better conversion and selectivity towards the desired products in the case of the novel ultrasound-synthesized nano-photocatalyst. Mechanistic insights showcased that photogenerated holes are the main active species in the catalytic process. In general, this research work provides a green, effective, and cost-effective approach for the selective and efficient catalytic lignin valorization.

Development of a bottom-up coarse-grained model for interactions of lipids with TiO nanoparticles.

Understanding interactions of inorganic nanoparticles with biomolecules is important in many biotechnology, nanomedicine, and toxicological research, however, the size of typical nanoparticles makes their direct modeling by atomistic simulations unfeasible. Here, we present a bottom-up coarse-graining approach for modeling titanium dioxide (TiO ) nanomaterials in contact with phospholipids that uses the inverse Monte Carlo method to optimize the effective interactions from the structural data obtained in small-scale all-atom simulations of TiO surfaces with lipids in aqueous solution. The resulting coarse-grained models are able to accurately reproduce the structural details of lipid adsorption on different titania surfaces without the use of an explicit solvent, enabling significant computational resource savings and favorable scaling. Our coarse-grained simulations show that small spherical TiO nanoparticles ( nm) can only be partially wrapped by a lipid bilayer with phosphoethanolamine headgroups, however, the lipid adsorption increases with the radius of the nanoparticle. The current approach can be used to study the effect of the size and shape of TiO nanoparticles on their interactions with cell membrane lipids, which can be a determining factor in membrane wrapping as well as the recently discovered phenomenon of nanoquarantining, which involves the formation of layered nanomaterial-lipid structures.

Recent advances in the use of composite titanium dioxide nanomaterials in the food industry.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their good biocompatibility and potential for multifunctional applications. In the last few years, there has been growing interest in the use of TiO2 nanomaterials in the food industry. However, a systematic review of the synthesis methods, properties, and applications of TiO2 nanomaterials in the food industry is lacking. In this review, we provide a summary of the synthesis and properties of TiO2 nanomaterials and their composites, with a focus on their applications in the food industry. We also discuss the potential benefits and risks of using TiO2 nanomaterials in food applications. This review aims to promote food innovation and improve food quality and safety.

Green synthesis of titanium dioxide nanomaterials from drypetes sepiaria leaves extract and their application environment pollutant remediation

The current report, an eco-friendly to environment benign to fabrication of Titanium Di-Oxide Nanomaterials (TDO-NMs) using Drypetes sepiaria Leaves aqueous extract, during the procedure, rather than using noxious and persistent chemicals throughout the experiment. Characterization of Titanium Di-Oxide Nanomaterials was revealed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The stability analysis of Titanium Di-Oxide Nanomaterials was determined through dynamic light scattering (DLS), which indicated that the Titanium Di-Oxide Nanomaterials were stability around -39.4 mV and with an average size of 16.78 nm. The synthesized Titanium Di-Oxide Nanomaterials were carried out for the degradation of industrial textile pollutants dyes, such as Methylene Blue. The synthesized Titanium Di-Oxide Nanomaterials acts as a remarkable catalytic activity for the removal of environment pollutants dye degradation and promising material for the dye degradation.

Synergistic effect of adsorption-photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in wastewater with biochar/TiO2 composite under simulated sunlight illumination.

Photocatalysis, which is an alternative technology to conventional methods, utilizes solar energy as the driving force to address environmental concerns and has attracted widespread attention from chemists worldwide. In this study, a series of photocatalytic materials composed of agricultural waste and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial was prepared for the synergistic adsorption-photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium in wastewater under mild conditions. The results showed that the TiO2 nanomaterial exhibited a higher photogenerated carrier separation efficiency and performance for the adsorption-photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) after loading straw biochar (BC). When the loading amount of BC was 0.025 g (i.e., TBC-3), the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) was as high as 99.9% under sunlight irradiation for 25 min, which was 2.9 and 3.5 times higher than that of pure TiO2 and BC samples, respectively. Additionally, after four cycles of experiments, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by TBC-3 remained at about 93.0%, proving its good chemical ability in our reaction system. Its excellent adsorption-photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of the strong adsorption of BC and the outstanding photocatalytic performance of TiO2. Finally, the possible mechanism for the synergistic adsorption-photocatalytic reduction on BC/TiO2 to remove the highly toxic Cr(VI) in wastewater was proposed.

Biowastes-derived enzyme-powered zinc oxide and titanium oxide nanomaterials synthesis for anticancer and eco-friendly photocatalytic activity

Biowastes derived enzyme powered zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanomaterials were prepared using a soft-chemical method and their photocatalytic dye degradation efficiencies against toxic Methylene Blue (MB - cationic) and Methyl Orange (MO-anionic) dyes were studied. The enzymes prevalent in certain biowastes (vegetable wastes and fruit peels) are derived through eco-friendly fermentation process and used for nanomaterial synthesis. The enzyme quantitative assay confirmed the presence of the enzymes viz., protease, peroxidase, cellulase, amylase and lipase in the synthesized nanopowders. The photocatalytic results showed the enhanced combined effect of the semiconductor photocatalyst (ZnO and TiO2) and the bio-catalyst (enzymes). The efficiency of the resultant photocatalysts: ZnO - 95% (60 min) and TiO2 99% (60 min). The XRD results confirm the crystallized form of enzymes in the nanomaterial. The desirable morphological changes caused by the enzyme coupling with semiconductor was evidenced from SEM images. The study showed that the synthesized material (enzyme powered ZnO and TiO2) are desirable candidates for environmentally friendly, biocompatible photocatalysis for toxic dyes degradation. The cytotoxicity studies revealed that the material may effectively destroy the lung cancer A-549 cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of enzyme powered ZnO and TiO2 are 51.75 ± 0.05 μg/mL and 52.25 ± 0.05 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, the biowastes derived enzyme powered ZnO and TiO2 can be considered as promising materials for cost-effective dye degradation and anticancer activities.

Poly(vinyl alcohol)-tragacanth gum/Titania bio-nanocomposite film for photodecomposition of malachite green

Concerned about the contamination as a consequence of untreated wastewater worldwide, nanomaterials have been utilized for purification. Nevertheless, their separation from water is difficult after the treatment. Herein, Titania nanomaterials were embedded in a poly(vinyl alcohol)-tragacanth gum (PVA-TG) matrix, due to easy separation. The polymer matrix was cross-linked by a green agent of citric acid, and the physicochemical properties of PVA-TG/Titania bio-nanocomposite (bio-NC) films were characterized, which displayed a high swelling ratio in the water because of the addition of TG. Further, Titania nanomaterials illustrated a cube-like shape in the PVA-TG/Titania bio-NC film confirming the complete dispersion. Afterward, the photodecomposition of malachite green (MG) over this bio-NC film was studied and optimized under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Scavenger agents determined that the electron was produced more than other radical agents. Ultimately, the photodegradation process of MG over bio-NC films was suggested by the hydroxyl addition, singlet oxygen, and UV irradiation transformation pathways.

Theoretical Modeling of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Using Titanium Dioxide and Graphene Nanomaterial for Refractive Index Sensing

The most popular method to determine the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors in the last couple of decades has been angular interrogation. The silver layer (Ag), a 2D layer of TiO2, and dielectric material layer such as silicon (Si) with heterostructure material graphene are all stacked in the proposed SPR sensor. To increase sensitivity of SPR sensor in the visible area, the device structure focuses on the Kretschmann configuration, by which a TiO2 sheet is sandwiched between silver and silicon sheets. The proposed device structure makes use of the operational wavelength of 633 nm. The numerical simulation has been performed in MATLAB software in this device structure. The simulation results show that an analyte of refractive indices ranges 1.345–1.350. A single layer of silicon 3 nm and TiO2 10 nm makes up the suggested SPR configuration, which increases the sensitivity to 281° RIU−1. Herein, it has also been computed the figure of merit, detection accuracy, limit of detection, full width at half maximum, and transverse magnetic electric field intensity. The biomedical and chemical fields have benefited from the proposed SPR sensor structure design.

Hollow Mesoporous DOX@TiO2@PDA@HA for Collaborative Chemotherapy and Photothermal Therapy

AbstractCombination therapy was an effective strategy to overcome the limitations of many monotherapies. Here, hollow mesoporous titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2) were synthesized by silica‐protected calcination‐alkali etching for loading adriamycin (DOX) with polydopamine (PDA) coating and then hyaluronic acid (HA) modification. The nanomaterials allowed for drug‐targeted delivery and the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. The hollow mesoporous titanium dioxide provided a high drug loading capacity, and the photothermal agent PDA layer exhibited good photothermal conversion capabilities. Moreover, the ability to target through hyaluronic acid‐mediated target allowed the nanomaterials targeted to human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7). Cytotoxicity and apoptosis tests showed that the prepared DOX@TiO2@PDA@HA showed potential as a drug delivery system for combined chemotherapy and photothermal therapy to improve anti‐tumor efficiency.

On generalized Bödewadt flow of TiO2/water nanofluid over a permeable surface with temperature jump

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial has numerous applications in the fields of cosmetics, medicines, coatings, inks, plastics, food, and textiles. Therefore, the problem of heat and mass transport on Bödewadt flow of TiO2/water nanofluid over a rotating disk subjected to wall suction is studied. The impact of chemical reaction with partial slip and temperature jump conditions are also considered. For the numerical solution to the problem, the similarity variables are added to transform the three-dimensional flow equations into a favorable set of ordinary differential equations. The impacts of shear stresses, rates of heat and mass transport, and cooling efficiency of nanofluid on the flow are investigated by employing a bvp4c routine in Matlab software. Additionally, the plots for two-dimensional streamlines are presented to visualize the impact of slip velocity and rotation. Through asymptotic analysis, it is found that the presence of similarity solutions for nanofluid over the disk can occur only if the disk is driven to a significant amount of suction. The skin friction factor grows by enhancing the nanoparticle volume fraction [Formula: see text] with a slight reduction in heat and mass transport rates. The fluid temperature is reduced by augmenting [Formula: see text] providing the cooling efficiency of TiO2. The fluid concentration falls significantly when a chemical reaction occurs at a faster rate.

Preface

The 2023 2nd International Conference on Semiconductors, Electromagnetics and Condensed Matter Physics (SECMP 2023) took place during July 21st to 23rd, 2023 in Qingdao, China (virtual form). SECMP exists as an international annual conference which tries to meet the needs for semiconductors, electromagnetics and condensed matter physics and has been established as a high-quality international conference.The Conference encouraged the exchange of information on research frontiers in different fields, connected the most advanced academic resources at home and abroad, and turned research results into industrial solutions. It also promoted the development of the field of semiconductors, electromagnetics and condensed matter physics, expanded the international scientific and academic exchange channels, enhanced scientific innovation on a global scale, and contributed to academic cooperation between China and foreign countries.The Conference was attended by more than 50 participants and hosted 7 keynote speeches, as well as various oral presentations and poster presentations. The 2nd SECMP covered various research fields where semiconductors, electromagnetics and condensed matter physics are used, such as Semiconductor Nano and Devices, Microwave Photonic Device Physics, Printed and Conformal Antennas, Solid State Quantum Information and Computing, Quantum Simulation, etc.According to all attendees, the scientific program was excellent with high level of talks and the scientific environment was fruitful, thus all attendees had a great and creative time. Professor Lai Chin Wei from University of Malaya, Malaysia reported on Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials for advanced environmental applications. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most attractive transition-metal oxides because of its superior physical and chemical properties, which has been widely applied in environmental clean-up (photocatalytic pollution removal) as well as antibacterial/antiviral coating applications. The performance of TiO2 in these applications highly depends on its structural, electronic, optical, and morphological as well as the surface properties (exposed facets). Great effort has been devoted to adjust these properties and apparent his research covered the synthesis of TiO2-based nanomaterials and their environmental related applications.We would like to express our acknowledgment to the authors for their time and genuine efforts, and to the reviewers for their fruitful comments during the preparation of this volume. We would also like to thank the members of the Program Committee for their effort in planning the program. Our gratitude also goes to Journal of Physics: Conference Series for its support in publishing this volume.The Committee of SECMP 2023List of Committee Member is available in this Pdf.

Sex-Specific Effects of Short-Term Oral Administration of Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in the Liver and Kidneys of Adult Rats.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial is used in several items (implant materials, pills composition, cosmetics, etc.). Although TiO2 is no longer considered safe as a food additive, the general population is exposed daily through different routes, and information is lacking on some aspects of animal and human health. This study evaluated liver and kidney toxicity of food-grade TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) (primary size < 25 nm) in male and female rats that were orally exposed for 5 days to 0, 1, and 2 mg/kg body weight per day (comparable with daily E171 consumption). Selected liver and kidney toxicity endpoints included serum biomarkers, histopathological analysis and expression of osteopontin (SPP1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Although TiO2 NPs are known to affect the gastric mucosa, short-term exposure induced sex-specific effects: general toxicity parameters were predominantly altered in female rats, whereas the liver appeared to be more affected than the kidneys in male rats, which also showed overexpression of NPY and SPP1. In the kidneys, the TiO2 NP effects were quantitatively similar but qualitatively different in the two sexes. In conclusion, careful consideration should be paid to the presence of TiO2 NPs in other items that can lead to human exposure.

Hierarchical porosity design enables highly recyclable and efficient Au/TiO2 composite fibers for photodegradation of organic pollutants

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials are ideal for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants but remain infeasible for industrial and municipal wastewater treatment because they cannot simultaneously satisfy two essential criteria for practical application, i.e., high performance and good recyclability. Here, we design and create hierarchically porous TiO2 fibers by dual-polymer templating sol–gel electrospinning combined with precise control over crystallization. The produced fibers own unique interconnected macropores throughout the fiber body that enable significantly enhanced light absorption and unlimited mass transport, making them ideal hosts for anchoring plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). The Au NP-coupled TiO2 fibers have photocatalytic efficiencies up to 6.6 times higher than plain TiO2 fibers, showing comparable ability as commercial P25 nanopowder in photodegrading methyl blue (MB) and achieving complete decomposition of methyl orange (MO) in 90 min while P25 degrades only 66% MO. Unlike P25 or anatase TiO2 nanopowders that non-reversibly disperse/aggregate in water, our composite fibers can be recollected through natural sedimentation, and their superior performance remains for at least six cycles. This work offers a practical and feasible design for high-performance recyclable photocatalysts for industrial-scale water treatment.

Improvement of Photocatalytic Degradation of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials by Non-metal Doping

Semiconductor photocatalysis is a process that benefits from sunlight to start chemical reactions. In order to take advantage photocatalytic properties of semiconductors and to achieve better performance structural adjustment is needed. In this study, varying amounts of nitrogen were used to modify TiO2 nanostructures using the sol-gel method. The crystalline structure of the synthesized TiO2 nanostructures was studied using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted to analyse the elemental composition of nanomaterials. XPS analyze confirms that nitrogen is introduced into the lattice of TiO2. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation was employed to assess the photocatalytic performance of the samples. To evaluate degradation, the absorption of MB over time was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. As a result, the doping process has been found to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, and 0.2% N doped TiO2 nanostructures demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity for photocatalytic degradation of MB.

An optimized backpropagation neural network models for the prediction of nanomaterials concentration for purification industrial wastewater

In this paper, an optimized backpropagation neural network (BPNN) prediction models have been proposed to estimate the concentration of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials required for the removal of Acid Black 24 dye, a type of textile dye, from industrial wastewater. The research gap addressed in this study lies in the investigation of various optimization algorithms for BPNN models and their profound impact on the accuracy of nanomaterial concentration predictions, thus contributing to the advancement of nanotechnology-based wastewater treatment research and its practical applications in industrial settings. Although several studies have predicted the amount of nanomaterial needed to degrade the dyes in industrial wastewater using BPNN, few have investigated the effects of optimized BPNN and how greatly the amount of degradation can vary. Therefore, six different optimization algorithms, including genetic algorithms (GAs), ant colony optimization (ACO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), evaluation strategy (ES), biogeography-based optimization (BBO), and population-based incremental learning algorithm (PBIL), are applied to optimize and evaluate the BPNN models. Experimental data obtained from chemical laboratory experiments are used to train and test the models, with different experiments conducted for various factors like TiO2, H2SO4, NaIO4, K2S2O8, dye, and silver nitrate. The performance of the optimized BPNN models is assessed using metrics such as mean squared error (MSE), root means squared error (RMSE), and R-squared (R2). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models, with ACO yielding the best outcomes across all models. The R2 values for the TiO2, H2SO4, NaIO4, and K2S2O8 models after optimization indicate perfect predictions, whereas the R2 values before optimization ranged from 0.888 to 0.984. PSO performs well for most models except for K2S2O8, GA improves most models except for the silver nitrate model, ES enhances only the Dye model, and PBIL does not affect the TiO2 model. Overall, the optimized BPNN models exhibit impressive accuracy in estimating the TiO2 concentration required for removing Acid Black 24 dye from industrial wastewater.

Ultrastrong yet Ductile 2D Titanium Nanomaterial for On-Skin Conformal Triboelectric Sensing.

Conventional titanium (e.g., bulk or thin films) is well-known for its relatively high mechanical strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and superior biocompatibility, which are suitable for biomedical engineering and wearable devices. However, the strength of conventional titanium often trades off its ductility, and their use in wearable devices has not been explored yet. In this work, we fabricated a series of large-sized 2D titanium nanomaterials with the method of polymer surface buckling enabled exfoliation (PSBEE), which possess a unique heterogeneous nanostructure containing nanosized titanium, titanium oxide, and MXene-like phases. As a result, these 2D titaniums exhibit both superb mechanical strength (6-13 GPa) and remarkable ductility (25-35%) at room temperature, outperforming all other titanium-based materials reported so far. More interestingly, we demonstrate that the 2D titanium nanomaterials also showed good performance in triboelectric sensing and can be used to fabricate self-powered, on-skin conformal triboelectric sensors with good mechanical reliability.