Nano Titanium Research Articles

Application of Taguchi design to optimize the operational parameters of pyramid solar still integrated with TiO2 nanoparticles

Abstract The global community is currently grappling with mounting concerns over the scarcity of fresh water, a situation that has emerged due to a complex interplay of various factors. One viable solution to address this issue is the use of renewable energy-powered water desalination. This study presents a thorough assessment of pyramid solar still (PSS) and its modified versions (MPSS) efficiency, which involves the integration of phase change material (PCM) and nano titanium dioxide (nTiO2) in the solar still. The experiments were conducted simultaneously under identical conditions for both the PSS and the modified still. Assessment of the MPSS was conducted, taking into account various operating parameters, including solar intensity (300–900 W m−2), water depth (4–8 cm), water inlet temperature (30 °C–50 °C), and the nTiO2 concentration (0.5–1.5 wt%). In addition, the Taguchi method was used to pinpoint the factors influencing the efficiency of the solar stills, as well as their respective levels. The signal-to-noise ratio and mean response were employed to identify the ideal levels of these parameters. Furthermore, the ANOVA method was utilized to assess the important factors and their impact on the overall production. Additionally, the regression method was employed to examine the type and magnitude of the correlation between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Finally, the estimated optimum production was compared to both the predicted productivity and the actual experimental productivity. An ideal condition was 900 W m−2 intensity of solar radiation, 4 cm depth of water, 50 °C of saline water temperature, and 1 wt% nTiO2 concentration.

Synergistic effects of nano titanium dioxide and waste glass powder on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete

Synergistic effects of nano titanium dioxide and waste glass powder on the mechanical and durability properties of concrete

Wear studies on friction stir processed surface modified AZ61 magnesium alloy with nano titanium oxide

ABSTRACT Surface modification of magnesium alloy enables the improvement of wear characteristics for use in sliding applications and places where surface hardness improvement is essential without affecting the microstructure of the underneath material. In this study, a pin-on disc wear test was used to examine the dry sliding wear behaviour of AZ61 Mg alloy reinforced with nTiO2 by a recursive friction stir processing technique. The trio-behavior of the surface-modified Mg alloy was detailed by the response surface methodology-central composite design matrix with the use of design experiments, considering three levels of reinforcement (%), sliding speed, and axial load parameters. In order to achieve the desired results of minimal wear loss, lower friction coefficient (COF), and lower friction force between surfaces (FF), this present work employed design expert software to develop a generative mathematical model to optimize the process parameters. Wear mechanisms were investigated using images captured by scanning electron microscope.

Nanomaterials in asphalt cement: Exploring their single and combined effects on the physical and rheological properties

Pavement deterioration due to rutting, fatigue, and thermal cracking poses significant challenges to road infrastructure. Traditional asphalt modifiers often fall short in addressing these issues, leading to growing interest in advanced materials such as nanomaterials. This study investigates the individual and combined effects of three nanomaterials: nano-titanium dioxide (NT), nano-alumina (NA), and nano-silica (NS), on the physical and rheological properties of asphalt binders when used in dosages of 0%, 1%, and 2% by the weight of asphalt. This study aims to enhance asphalt performance and contribute to international research efforts focused on pavement durability. The experimental program evaluated the penetration, softening point, mass loss after aging, and viscosity properties, in addition to rutting and fatigue resistance through dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also employed to observe morphological changes. Results showed that 2% NA reduced penetration by 3.19%, while 2% NS increased the softening point by 2.41%. The combination of NA and NS had the highest effect on the softening point (F = 6.21, p = 0.008). NA and NT reduced mass loss, with 2% NA lowering it from 0.432% to 0.201%. Viscosity increased by 17.4% with 2% NA, while the NA and NS combination had the most significant overall impact (F = 44.78, p = 0.000). At higher temperatures, 2% NA was the most effective in reducing aging. Optimizing the use of NA and NS, either individually or combined, offers the best improvements in binder stiffness, thermal stability, and aging resistance.

Microbial Activity of TiO2 NPs via Two Phases Synthesized by The Sol-Gel Method

TiO2 titanium dioxide nano phases of anatase and rutile were controlled only by temperature control of the calcination process, which is a cheap technical technique, and were organized using a sol-gel process, which involved mixing titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with ethanol as starting materials, as well as heating at various temperatures (650, 850 ℃ ). The fundamental properties of the as-prepared nanomaterials were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). The antibacterial activity of TiO2 was next investigated using two strains of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus bacteria. The TiO2 structure has a dominating phase of 650 °C in addition to rutile at 850 °C, with an average volume of crystalline (D) of 21.9 nm for the anatase phase and 30.41 nm for the rutile phase. According to XRD data, the spherical shape of the rutile phase is clearly evident in the TEM of TiO2 NPs, the tetragonal shape is clearly seen in the anatase, and the calcination process had a major effect on the crystal size. According to FTIR analysis, the majority of peaks are seen between 400 and 700 cm-1 as a result of bending and oscillation lengthening. The studies demonstrated that TiO2, in both protease and rutile forms, is a highly efficient antibacterial that can be used as a self-cleaning exterior to exterior surfaces (windows) as well as in bio-penetration places like hospitals and medical clinics.

Anticancer effect of surface functionalized nano titanium dioxide with 5‐fluorouracil on oral cancer cell line—An in vitro study

Anticancer effect of surface functionalized nano titanium dioxide with 5‐fluorouracil on oral cancer cell line—An in vitro study

Comparative tribological study of the material intended for a lightweight HAMNC brake rotor sliding against NAO brake pad material

Abstract The present work studies the lightweight Hybrid Aluminium Metal Matrix Nanocomposite (HAMNC) for brake rotor application. The novel HAMNC brake rotor material is fabricated by reinforcing 1 wt. % nano Boron carbide (nB4C) and 0.75 wt.% nano Titanium dioxide (nTiO2) employing ultrasonic-squeeze-assisted stir-casting process. The developed HAMNC and a commercial Gray Cast Iron (GCI) brake rotor material was subjected to density, hardness, thermal, corrosion, and tribological studies. The results indicated that the HAMNC brake rotor material is 60% lighter and extremely corrosive resistant compared with GCI material. Also, the dry sliding wear study done using Non Asbestos Organic (NAO) commercial brake pad as the pin material exhibited that the HAMNC brake rotor material possessed a higher wear-resistant behavior compared to GCI.

Radiation shielding properties of sustainable concrete with novel plastering techniques

In concrete applications. Major/critical applications of such concrete are radiation-shielding facilities. Both steel slag and silica fume are examples of common by-product materials that can be used as a replacer of aggregates and cement. Thus, in this research work, steel slag was utilized as heavy aggregate in concrete production besides silica fume to present sustainable concrete mixtures probably with better radiation-shielding properties. Different cementitious plasters were applied on the conducted sustainable concrete mixture using different powdery materials; hematite, magnetite, barite, bentonite, and steel slag powders in addition to nano-titanium dioxide as full replacers for sand. The proposed plasters were presented to determine the optimum plaster technique in terms of static performance and attenuation capability against gamma and neutron radiations. The results exhibited that utilizing steel slag and silica fume in concrete mixtures enhanced compressive strength by up to 9.09 % compared to conventional concrete, while the addition of nano-titanium to conventional plaster led to superior enhancement in the compressive strength by up to 38.65 % relative to traditional plaster. Conversely, fully replacing conventional silica sand with the abovementioned powdery materials generally reduced the compressive strength of cementitious plasters by up to 30.83 %. However, the radiation shielding properties against Cs-137, and Co-60 energies have been enhanced by up to 20 % and 26 %, respectively.

Preparation, Modification and Property Characterization of Nano-TiO2

Abstract In view of the strong polarity and easy agglomeration of nano TiO2 in practical applications, its excellent performance cannot be fully exerted. In this paper, nano titanium dioxide was prepared by liquid phase hydrolysis method using TiCl4 and oxalic acid as raw materials, and then the surface modification of nano TiO2 was carried out with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate(SDS). The optimal modification process conditions were obtained through single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The products before and after modification were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, particle size analysis. The results indicated that the modified nano titanium dioxide adsorbed a certain amount of modifier on the surface, with small and uniform particles that are not easily agglomerated. This greatly improved its dispersibility and stability in media, providing better guarantee for its application in various fields.

Nano Titanium Coating to Improve Platelet Rich Fibrin

Nano Titanium Coating to Improve Platelet Rich Fibrin

Biosynthetic Sesame Oil and Nano Titanium Dioxide As a Therapy For Second Degree Burns

As the healing of burn wounds delay that affect the skin and lead to tearing and damage to its parts, as well as the remaining traces and scars on the skin because of exposure to heat, radiation, radioactivity, electricity, friction, or contact with chemicals, it has become necessary to investigate and discover effective medicines. Burns that affect the skin have an important purpose, Therefore, it is important to continue studying and experimenting with new and effective medicines, including effective nanomaterials, to reach efficient treatments to treat such injuries. In the current study, nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) were prepared, and this material was examined using a device a Field Emission Electron Scanning Microscope (FE-SEM). The results obtained were on the nanoscale, with sizes ranging from (31.52-69.08) nanometers. The effectiveness and effect of biosynthetic nanomaterials and sesame seeds were investigated in vivo at a concentration of 1% TiO2 and 20% sesame oil on burns in the skin of laboratory rats and compared with a control group of natural skin of the same type of laboratory rats. They were also compared with rats treated with Mebo ointment. Randomly, 18 rats were put into three equal groups and treated once daily for 28 days. The results of the study showed effective activity and a noticeable speed in the healing of burns that affected the skin of laboratory rats using a nano-titanium dioxide preparation supported by sesame seed extract whose burn mean amounted to 0.005 compared to the control treatment, whose burn mean was 2.443. According to the current study's findings, using biosynthetic nano-titanium dioxide and sesame oil together results in better burn wound healing than using each of them separately.

Eco-Friendly Concrete Solutions: The Role of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Enhancing Durability and Reducing Environmental Pollutants - A Review

Concrete is one of the key components of construction, which ensures durability and aesthetics of the building. In recent days, nanoparticles are playing an essential role in civil engineering research. The binding of nanoparticles into concrete significantly improves the mechanical and durable properties due to the nanostructure of the cementitious materials. This review paper represents the existing research data on titanium dioxide nanoparticles, when applied in the different types of concrete. The data influenced by the different research papers are presented in terms of strength and durable parameters. The most important property of titanium dioxide nanoparticle is its self-cleaning effect because of the photocatalytic reaction is also discussed. The inference from the papers shows the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on correct proportion enhances the production of new material with good strength and durable properties in the construction industry. The photocatalytic action of nano titanium dioxide leads to the manufacture of self-cleaning concrete which shields the surface from environmental pollutants.

Determination of the effect of low concentration titanium dioxide nano fuel additive in biodiesel on performance and emissions

In this study, the effect of nanoparticle addition into rapeseed methyl ester (R0) produced by the transesterification method on engine performance and emissions was experimentally investigated. Titanium dioxide was used as a nano fuel additive and was added to the test fuels at rates of 50 ppm (RTi50) and 75 ppm (RTi75) using an ultrasonic mixer. The effect of titanium dioxide on engine performance and exhaust emissions was experimentally determined by taking advantage of its photocatalysis effect and chemical reaction accelerator properties. Additionally, titanium dioxide additive reduced the viscosity and density of biodiesel fuel, resulting in higher micro explosion. According to the test results carried out at 4 different engine loads, brake specific fuel consumption decreased by 7.51% and 8.62% in RTi50 and RTi75 fuels compared to R0 fuel. Brake thermal efficiency increased by 2.47% and 6.21%, respectively. The improvement in combustion achieved by the nano additive increased the conversion of CO emissions into CO2, increased NOX emissions, reduced smoke emissions and caused more complete combustion products to come out of the exhaust.

Preparation and Characterization of EVAc/ TiO2 Nanocomposites Coating for Oil Pipes Protection

The spin coating process was used in this study to create nanocomposites of ethynevinyl acetate copolymer reinforced with nano titania nanoparticles at various ratios (50, 100, & 150 part/million). Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), different types of reactions between TiO2 and EVAc were investigated. Deferential Scanning Calorimetry was used to study melting point of thin films. As well as , anti corrosion resistance of thin films using electrochemical method were studied Results show that the adding of TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the thermal characteristics of nano composite thin films, Tm increasing from 66 oC to 71 oC, The results of the FTIR analysis demonstrate that the nanoscale TiO2 and EVAc are physically reacting. Anti-corrosion behavior shows that the corrosion current reduces from 188 mA to 1 nA and corrosion resistance was increased. Additionally, the efficacy of inhibition increased from 0.0 to 99%. with adding Nano TiO2 with 150 ppm to thin films.

Cutting edge technology for wastewater treatment using smart nanomaterials: recent trends and futuristic advancements.

Water is a vital component of our existence. Many human activities, such as improper waste disposal from households, industries, hospitals, and synthetic processes, are major contributors to the contamination of water streams. It is the responsibility of every individual to safeguard water resources and reduce pollution. Among the various available wastewater treatment (WWT) methods, smart nanomaterials stand out for their effectiveness in pollutant removal through absorption and adsorption. This paper examines the application of valuable smart nanomaterials in treating wastewater. Various nanomaterials, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), nanoadsorbents, nanometals, nanofilters, nanocatalysts, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanosilver, nanotitanium dioxide, magnetic nanoparticles, nanozero-valent metallic nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanofibers, and quantum dots, are identified as promising candidates for WWT. These smart nanomaterials efficiently eliminate toxic substances, microplastics, nanoplastics, and polythene particulates from wastewater. Additionally, the paper discusses comparative studies on the purification efficiency of nanoscience technology versus conventional methods.

Construction of Moiré-like TiO2/polypyrrole electrodes for high performance photo-assisted supercapacitors

There is currently a need for research into using external energy to increase the performance of the supercapacitor in energy storage systems because of their poor energy density. This paper reports the effective creation of photo-assisted supercapacitors with moiré-like morphology using polypyrrole (PPy) and titanium dioxide nano powder to replicate the surface of inexpensive and widely available CD discs. The composite material combines the moiré-like superstructure's strong light trapping property with titanium dioxide's high photo-sensitivity, achieving the aims of boosting light absorption, extending the optical route, and improving capacitor performance under light. By combining morphology construction and external energy interventions to improve capacitor performance, the specific capacitance under light is 509.0 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, 13.1 % higher than the same material without moiré-like morphology (449.9 F g−1). When assemble into a sandwich-structured symmetric supercapacitor, it has an area specific capacitance of 99.42 mF cm−2 and an energy density of 7.28 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 217.4 W kg−1, outperforming typical photo-assisted supercapacitors. The current work suggests a practical and straightforward method for increasing the light absorption efficiency and performance of photo-assisted supercapacitors.

Dual-Functional TiO2/SiO2@Poly(Hexadecyl Methacrylate-co-Butyl Methacrylate-co-Methyl Acrylate) Composites: Nanointegrated Enhancements in Oil Absorption and High-Efficiency Emulsion Interface Demulsification

Our research described in this report introduces a multifunctional composite resin, TiO2/SiO2@poly(hexadecyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate-co-methyl acrylate), synthesized to enhance oil absorption and demulsification for oily wastewater treatment. By incorporating hydrophobically modified nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) and nano-silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) into a polyacrylate resin through suspension polymerization, we aimed to overcome the limitations of traditional oil absorbent resins. The resin’s formulation included hexadecyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate. Characterization was conducted through measurements of contact angle, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyses. The study meticulously optimized the chemical synthesis conditions, focusing on the amount of monomer, initiator and crosslinker, which are crucial for the polymerization reaction. Additionally, the physical parameters, such as the particle size and quantity of the nano-materials, were carefully controlled to achieve the desired material properties. The inclusion of nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2 significantly enriched the resin’s porous structure, boosting its oil absorption ratios for oil in various solvents, notably enhancing stability and recyclability. The resin exhibited superior oil absorption capacities (e.g. 54.7 g/g for trichloromethane) and improved emulsion separation efficiency (e.g. 98.10% for trichloromethane emulsions), marking a substantial advancement in materials for environmental remediation applications.

Effect and mechanisms of surface treatment using nano titanium dioxide on the permeability of cementitious materials

Corrosive media typically penetrate the interior of cementitious materials through porous structures, causing corrosive damage. Strengthening the surface structure of the substrate is an effective method for enhancing the durability performance of such a material. This study investigates the effects of different concentrations of a nano titanium dioxide suspension (NTS) used for the surface treatment of cement specimens after 24 h of molding and the influence of this treatment on the impermeability of the substrate surface. The results indicate that at 28 d of hydration, water absorption by the 1 % NTS-treated specimens decreases by 45 %, and the resistance to chloride-ion penetration increases by 32.7 % with respect to that of the control group. Furthermore, results of the microscopic tests indicate that when NTS surface treatment is conducted on hardened cementitious materials, NTS provides nucleation sites to enhance the degree of cement hydration, fill minuscule voids, promote the dispersed growth of hydration products, optimize the surface pore structure, and increase the density of the microstructure, thereby improving the impermeability of the substrate surface. This study is expected to provide innovative ideas for the future utilization of nanomaterials for strengthening surface structures and enhancing the durability performances of cementitious materials.

Repeated marine heatwaves aggravate the adverse effects of nano-TiO2 on physiological metabolism of the thick-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus

Global climate change is a major trigger of unexpected temperature fluctuations. The impacts of marine heatwaves (MHWs) and nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) on marine organisms have been extensively investigated. However, the potential mechanisms underlying their interactive effects on physiological processes and metabolism remain poorly understood, especially regarding periodic MHWs in real-world conditions. In this study, the effects of nano-TiO2 (at concentrations of 0, 25, and 250 μg/L) and periodic MHWs on the condition index (CI) and underlying metabolic mechanisms were investigated in mussels (Mytilus coruscus). The results showed that mussels try to upregulate their respiration rate (RR) to enhance aerobic metabolism (indicated by elevated succinate dehydrogenase) under short-term nano-TiO2 exposure. However, even at ambient concentration (25 μg/L), prolonged nano-TiO2 exposure inhibited ingestion ability (decreased clearance rate) and glycolysis (inhibited pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, and phosphofructokinase activities), which led to an insufficient energy supply (decreased triglyceride, albumin, and ATP contents). Repeated thermal scenarios caused more severe physiological damage, demonstrating that mussels are fragile to periodic MHWs. MHWs decreased the zeta potential of the nano-TiO2 particles but increased the hydrodynamic diameter. Additionally, exposure to nano-TiO2 and periodic MHWs further affected aerobic respiration (inhibited lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities), metabolism (decreased RR, activities of respiratory metabolism-related enzymes, and expressions of PEPCK, PPARγ, and ACO), and overall health condition (decreased ATP and CI). These findings indicate that the combined stress of these two stressors exerts more detrimental impact on the physiological performance and energy metabolism of mussels, and periodic MHWs exacerbate the toxicological effects of ambient concentration nano-TiO2. Given the potential worsening of nanoparticle pollution and the increase in extreme heat events in the future, the well-being of mussels in the marine environment may face further threats.

Mechanical Performance and Corrosion Behaviour of Aluminum7075 Reinforced by Nano-Titanium dioxide

في هذه الدراسة ، تم تطبيق تقنية الصب بالتحريك (SCT) لتكوين مركب الألمنيوم (Al) النانوي مع نسب وزنية مختلفة من مسحوق ثاني أكسيد التيتانيوم النانوي (TiO2). تم فحص الخصائص البنائية ,الميكانيكية والتآكل لمتراكبات النانو. دراسة البنية المجهرية تمت عن طريق المجهر الإلكتروني الماسح (SEM) ، بينما تم الحصول على التركيب البلوري للعينات باستخدام حيود الأشعة السينية (XRD). بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، تم غمر المركبات النانوية في محلول 0.5 مولاري من حمض الهيدروكلوريك لقياسات معدل التآكل والديناميكية الفعالة. أظهرت النتائج أن أفضل عينة كانت 0.03٪ ، حيث زادت الصلابة بنسبة 23٪ ، لكن قوة الشد زادت إلى 52٪. حيث أظهرت صور SEM للعينات المعززة بالجسيمات النانوية تجانسًا وانتشارًا واضحًا للجسيمات النانوية في المصفوفة. لذلك ، فإن إضافة جزيئات TiO2 النانوية إلى معدن الألمنيوم أدى إلى تحسين صلابة وقوة الشد للمركبات النانوية بشكل ملحوظ. بالمقابل أظهرت نتائج التآكل أن المواد المركبة النانوية لديها مقاومة تآكل أعلى من المواد المركبة القائمة على Al7075.