Tissues Of Albino Rats Research Articles

Curcumin ameliorates nephrotoxicity and histopathological alterations induced by chlorpyrifos in albino rats (690.5)

In the present investigation an attempt was made to assess the possible ameliorative role of curcumin on nephrotoxicity and histopathological alterations caused by Chlorpyrifos in the kidney tissue of albino rats. Rats were given daily doses of intragastric and suble‐ thal concentrations of CPF. Histological examination showed alterations in the treated kidney such as degeneration of the renal tubules, atrophy and hypertrophy of glomeruli and intertubular leucocytic infiltrations. The histopathological changes were more pro‐ nounced with higher concentrations of CPF. The degree of degeneration of renal tubules found in higher concentration treatment of CPF was more pronounced. These alterations of the renal tubules and glomeruli affected the functioning of motor coordination of the rat body. Moreover, histochemical examination of the renal tubules showed depletion of glycogen and total proteins content and marked elevation in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. However, treating animals with CPF and curcumin (150 mg/kg b. w. 5 days / week for 6 weeks) caused an improvement in histological and histochemical appearance of the kidney together with decrease of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. It is concluded from the obtained results that CPF is highly toxic to albino rats by causing nephrotoxicity and may leads to oxidative stress. This effects appeared to be prevented and ameliorated by curcumin.

Effect of Baygon Insecticide on the Activities of Total, Alkaline and Acid Phosphatases of Selected Tissues of Albino Rats

Effect of Baygon Insecticide on the Activities of Total, Alkaline and Acid Phosphatases of Selected Tissues of Albino Rats

Toxicological Study of Methomyl and Quantitative Detection of its Residue in Biological Tissues in Albino Rats

Toxicological Study of Methomyl and Quantitative Detection of its Residue in Biological Tissues in Albino Rats

Effects of gamma radiation on hard dental tissues of albino rats: investigation by light microscopy

The present work aims at studying the effect of gamma radiation on the hard dental tissues. Eighty adult male albino rats with weights of about 250g were used. The rats were irradiated at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0Gy whole-body gamma doses. The effects on hard dental tissue samples were investigated after 48h in histological and ground sections using light microscopy. Areas of acid phosphatase activity were detected using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stains. Observation of histological sections revealed disturbance in predentin thickness and odontoblastic layer as the irradiation dose increased. In cementum, widened cementocytes lacunae were occasionally detected even with low irradiated doses. On the other hand, relatively homogenous enamel was detected with darkened areas in enamel surface at doses over than 0.5Gy. TRAP-positive cells were detected on the surface of the dentin of irradiated groups as well as cementum surface. Minimal detectable changes were observed in ground sections.

Alterations in P53 Gene, Testicular and Hepatic Tissues of Albino Rats Due to Profenofos Administration: a Possible Protective Effect of Vitamin C

Alterations in P53 Gene, Testicular and Hepatic Tissues of Albino Rats Due to Profenofos Administration: a Possible Protective Effect of Vitamin C

Les mutations du gène NNT : principales causes de déficits familiaux isolés en glucocorticoïdes (FGD)

An analytical solution to the oxygen diffusion equation with a sink term representing the oxygen consumption rate is obtained for thin tissue slice. The model of the oxygen consumption rate used depends on the oxygen tension and is known as zero- to first-order kinetics model (Michaelis–Menten-like kinetics model). The solution reflecting the conditions in Warburg-type experiments yields a formula for the oxygen uptake of a tissue slice as a function of the oxygen tension at its boundary. This formula is a useful tool at identification of the local tissue respiration parameters involved — the maximum oxygen consumption rate and the critical oxygen tension. Two applications of the formula are shown. The first one uses data for slices of skeletal muscle tissue taken from Kawashiro and Scheid [T. Kawashiro, P. Scheid, Dependence of O2 uptake on tissue PO2: experiments in intact excised rat skeletal muscle, in: D.W. Lübbers, H. Acker, E. Leninger-Follert, T.K. Goldstick (Eds.), Oxygen Transport to Tissue-V, in: Adv. Exper. Med. Biol., vol. 169, 1984, pp. 497–505]. In the second case, by use of the effective thickness concept, the formula is applied to data from an experiment with tissue pieces of other geometry [P.R.B. Caldwell, B.A. Wittenberg, The oxygen dependency of mammalian tissues, Am. J. Med. 57 (1974) 447–452]; the parameters of six albino-rat tissues (kidney, heart, liver, brain, diaphragm, and lung) are estimated.

A formula for the oxygen uptake of thin tissue slice in terms of its surface oxygen tension

An analytical solution to the oxygen diffusion equation with a sink term representing the oxygen consumption rate is obtained for thin tissue slice. The model of the oxygen consumption rate used depends on the oxygen tension and is known as zero- to first-order kinetics model (Michaelis–Menten-like kinetics model). The solution reflecting the conditions in Warburg-type experiments yields a formula for the oxygen uptake of a tissue slice as a function of the oxygen tension at its boundary. This formula is a useful tool at identification of the local tissue respiration parameters involved — the maximum oxygen consumption rate and the critical oxygen tension. Two applications of the formula are shown. The first one uses data for slices of skeletal muscle tissue taken from Kawashiro and Scheid [T. Kawashiro, P. Scheid, Dependence of O2 uptake on tissue PO2: experiments in intact excised rat skeletal muscle, in: D.W. Lübbers, H. Acker, E. Leninger-Follert, T.K. Goldstick (Eds.), Oxygen Transport to Tissue-V, in: Adv. Exper. Med. Biol., vol. 169, 1984, pp. 497–505]. In the second case, by use of the effective thickness concept, the formula is applied to data from an experiment with tissue pieces of other geometry [P.R.B. Caldwell, B.A. Wittenberg, The oxygen dependency of mammalian tissues, Am. J. Med. 57 (1974) 447–452]; the parameters of six albino-rat tissues (kidney, heart, liver, brain, diaphragm, and lung) are estimated.

Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes of sulphadoxine mixed with pyramethamine: Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and toxicology study

Two new mixed ligands metal complexes of sulphadoxine and pyramethamine were prepared by using CuCl2.6H2O and FeCl3.6H2O. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, melting point determination, molar conductivity, metal content analysis (AAS), IR, magnetic susceptibility measurements and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Based on the analytical and spectroscopic data, the complexes were proposed to have the formulae [M1L1L2(Cl)2] and [M2L1L2(Cl)3] (where M1 = Cu(II), M2 = Fe(III)), L1 = sulphadoxine, L2 = pyramethamine). The spectroscopic data proposed L1 to be a monodentate ligand and coordinated through N atom of the NH2 group in both complexes. Also, L2 was proposed to be tridentate ligand and coordinated through N atom of the NH2 groups and through N atom of imine group. However, [M1L1L2(Cl)2] and [M2L1L2(Cl)3] were proposed to possess distorted octahedral geometry. Conductivity measurement values supported the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The complexes have been tested in vitro against a number of pathogenic bacteria [g(+) Escherichia coli, g(+) Proteus species, g(+) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and g(+) Salmonella typhi] by using disc diffusion method. Obtained results indicated that the metal complexes exhibited better antibacterial activities as compared to the ligands. Toxicology tests against some tissues of albino rat (Rattus novergicuss) revealed toxicity of the complexes in the kidney as compared to the parent drugs. [M1L1L2(Cl)2] was found to be toxic to the sera, livers and kidneys of the rats used, while [M 2L1L2(Cl)3] was found to be non-toxic to the sera, livers and kidneys of the rats as their alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values showed non-significant difference to the control values.

Effects of gamma radiation on hard dental tissues of albino rats using scanning electron microscope – Part 1

In the present study, 40 adult male albino rats were used to study the effect of gamma radiation on the hard dental tissues (enamel surface, dentinal tubules and the cementum surface). The rats were irradiated at 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 Gy gamma doses. The effects of irradiated hard dental tissues samples were investigated using a scanning electron microscope. For doses up to 0.5 Gy, there was no evidence of the existence of cracks on the enamel surface. With 1 Gy irradiation dose, cracks were clearly observed with localized erosive areas. At 2 Gy irradiation dose, the enamel showed morphological alterations as disturbed prismatic and interprismatic areas. An increase in dentinal tubules diameter and a contemporary inter-tubular dentine volume decrease were observed with higher irradiation dose. Concerning cementum, low doses,<0.5 Gy, showed surface irregularities and with increase in the irradiation dose to≥1 Gy, noticeable surface irregularities and erosive areas with decrease in Sharpey's fiber sites were observed. These observations could shed light on the hazardous effects of irradiation fields to the functioning of the human teeth.

Comparative Effects of Alpha – methrin (Serin) and Actara (Cruzer) Insecticides on some Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Antioxidants and Lipid Peroxides in Serum and Tissues of White Male Albino Rats

The present study included the recognition of alpha-methrin (Serin) and actara (Cruzer) insecticides medium lethal dose LD50, which was found to be 150 mg alpha-methrin/Kg body weight and 1875 mg actara / Kg body weight. By consideration of (LD50) values three doses of each insecticide were orally administered to male albino rats for 15 and 30 days period, to study their effects on the levels of some enzymatic, non enzymatic antioxidans and lipid peroxides in serum and tissues of albino rats. The rats were divided into 7 groups; the control group which administered with distilled water, the first to third group were administered with 2.5, 5, 10 mg /Kg body weight alpha-methrin respectively, the fourth to sixth group were administered with 100, 150, 200 mg /Kg body weight actara respectively on comparison to control group with that treated with either alpha-methrin or actara. The results showed a significant decrease in non enzymatic antioxidant (uric acid concentration and glutathione) level and an increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (enzymatic antioxidant) and a significant increase in malondialdehyed level in serum blood of rats treated with either alpha-methrin or actara. The results also showed a significant decrease in level of glutathione accompanied with significant increase in malondialdehyed level in tissues of (brain, heart, liver and kidney). The rats which administered with different concentrations of alpha-methrin insecticide, showed more effects than that groups administeared by actara. These results indicated that the alpha-methrin has more poisonous effects than actara insecticide .

Toxic impacts of cypermethrin on behavior and histology of certain tissues of albino rats

In the present investigation, the behavioral, morphological, and histopathological effects of cypermethrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, was ascertained in male and female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Cypermethrin administered at repeated oral doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg/day for 30 days produced varying degree of mild to moderate toxic symptoms and behavioral changes in both male and female rats. The lower dose produced very mild toxicosis characterized by intermittent diarrhea, decreased feed intake, and thick eye discharge, whereas higher dose displayed mild to moderate toxicosis with diarrhea, decreased feed intake, loss of body weight, dyspnoea, ataxia, eye discharge, and salivation. Two female and one male albino rats died between 23 to 28 days after displaying signs of incoordination and tremors. Repeated oral doses of cypermethrin for 30 days enhanced the relative weight of liver and heart, but significantly decreased that of brain, kidneys, and testes. Microscopically, cypermethrin produced neuronal degeneration and increase in glial cells in brain, and disorganization of hepatic laminae, increase in sinusoid, and necrosis of hepatocytes in liver. Section of kidney displayed hemorrhage and sloughing off renal epithelial cell in the convoluted tubules, shrinkage of glomeruli, and necrosis of renal tubules. Repeated administration of cypermethrin also produced hemorrhages within myocardium, disruption of branching structure, and loss of striation of cardiac tissue; thickening of alveolar septa in lungs, partial to extensive loss of various stages of spermatogenesis in testes, and loss of follicular cells and oocytes in ovaries. The study suggested that repeated oral exposure of cypermethrin has considerable harmful effects on body organs in R. norvegicus.

Histological Changes in the Kidney of Norwagian Rat (&lt;i&gt;Rattus norvegicus&lt;/i&gt;) Fed with Dietary Cadmium

Histological changes in the kidney tissues of albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed 100mg/kg body weight of cadmium sulphate incorporated as food material has been studied in vivo in an acute toxicological experiment. The behavioural pattern and physical changes in the rats were also investigated. Loss of weight and increased locomotor activity was observed. Rats were sacrificed the kidneys dissected out and dehydrated in an ethanol series. Sections of tissues were obtained using a microtome, double stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Photographs were taken using a microscope. Histological investigations of the poisoned tissues revealed progressive increase of dark stained metabolites present in the cortex, renal papillae and medulla. The nuclei of the tubular cells showed slight reductions in size and became less prominent as the period of exposure to the poison increased. The glomeruli were observed to have very dark stained appearance, which was suggested to have come about as a result of Cadmium infiltration. There was an observed reduction in the thickness of the capsule of the kidney, which calls for closer attention Discovery and Innovation Vol. 19 (2) 2007: pp. 96-101

Lipid peroxidation in various organs and tissues of albino rats with cadmium intoxication in winter and summer

The effect of cadmium chloride on lipid peroxidation in the liver, kidneys, brain, and gonads of outbred albino rats was studied in winter and summer. Cadmium chloride in a daily dose of 2 mg per 100 g body weight was administered intragastrically for 15 days. Administration of cadmium chloride was followed by an increase in peroxide radical production in the liver during the summer period. Lipid peroxidation remained unchanged in the liver, but increased in the ovaries of animals receiving the same dose of cadmium chloride during the winter period.

Synthesis, physical properties, antimicrobial potentials of some mixed antibiotics complexed with transition metals and their effects on alkaline phosphatase activities of selected rat tissues

Mixed ligand metal complexes of chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline were prepared by using Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(III) metal chloride hexahydrate. They were characterized based on some physical technique and spectroscopic analysis such as AAS, UV, and IR spectroscopy. Based on the analytical and spectroscopic data, the complexes were proposed to have the formulae [ML1L2](Cl)n (where M = Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(III); L1 = chloramphenicol, L2 = oxytetracycline and n = 2 - 3). IR spectra suggested that both L1 and L2 coordinated to the metal ions in a terdentate manner with �(O-H), �(C=O) and �(N-H) as donor sites in each of the ligands. The complexes were proposed to be of octahedral. The synthesized complexes, in compares to their ligands, were screened for their antibacterial activity against isolated strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using diffusion method. The activity data showed the metal complexes to be more potent antibacterial than the parent drugs against the three species. Toxicology tests against some tissues of albino rat (Rattus novergicuss) revealed toxicity of the complexes as compared to the parent drugs. Ni(II) complex was found to possess no significant difference (P > 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase from both homogenates of liver and kidney and rat serum. However, Co(II) and Fe(III) complexes were found to significantly increase (P 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase from rat serum.

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity and toxicology study of some metal complexes of mixed antibiotics

Mixed ligand metal complexes of ampicillin and chloramphenicol prepared by using Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(III) metal chloride hexahydrate were reported and characterized based on some physical properties and spectroscopic analysis such as AAS, UV, and IR spectroscopy. The complexes were proposed to have the formulae [ML1L2](Cl)n ( where M= Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(III); L1 =ampicillin, L2 = chloramphenicol , and n=2-3). IR spectra suggested that both L1 and L2coordinated to the metal ions in a terdentate manner with ν(O-H), ν(C=O) and ν(N-H) as donor sites in each of the ligands. From analytical and spectroscopic data obtained, the complexes were proposed to be of octahedral. The synthesized complexes, in compares to their ligands, were also screened for their antibacterial activity against isolated strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using agar diffusion method. The activity data showed the metal complexes to be more potent antibacterial than the parent drugs against the three bacteria species. However, toxicology tests against some tissues of albino rat (Rattus novergicuss) revealed toxicity of the complexes as compared to the parent drugs because the complexes were found to significantly increase (P 0.05) in ALP of rat serum. The results generally indicated that more potent compounds with better physical properties and enhanced antimicrobial activities upon complexation have been prepared. Key words: Metal complexes, complexation, antibiotics, antimicrobial properties, alkaline phosphatase.

Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Haematological Parameters and Mineral Contents of Selected Tissues in Albino Rats

The effect of zinc deficiency on tissue level of some minerals (Na, K, Ca, P, Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, Mn) in growing rats was investigated. Two groups of rats were fed either a zinc adequate diet or zinc deficient diet (6 ppm) for six weeks. At the end of the feeding period, zinc deficiency decreased the final body weight of the rats by 70% compared to the control. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) and the white blood cell count (WBC) of the zinc deficient rats was significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to the control. Tissue content of minerals measured in the liver and kidney of both group of rats showed that zinc deficiency significantly increased (P < 0.05) tissue concentration of some elements (Fe, Cu, Ma, Ca, K and Na) while Mg and phosphorus levels were lowered compared to the control. This result suggest that zinc deficiency in rats could have adverse effect on intermediary metabolism as a result of interplay in the interactions between these minerals.

A Novel Immunohistochemical Marker of Normal and Neoplastic Melanocytes in Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Tissues of Albino Rats

In albino rats, spontaneous occurrence of melanocytic tumors is rare, with diagnosis difficult. This study evaluated immunoreactivity for PNL2 in normal and neoplastic melanocytes in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of albino rats. The samples consisted of 11 (1.57%) amelanotic melanomas in 700 rats (2 studies), 23 non-melanocytic tumors, and a wide variety of normal tissues. In normal albino rats, PNL2 stained the melanocytes in the iris and choroid of the eyeball and the hair bulb and basal cell layers of the epidermis of the whole body. In amelanotic melanoma, the tumor cells consisted of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm without melanin granules. PNL2 consistently stained cytoplasm in all amelanotic melanoma cells. In contrast, the nonmelanocytic tumor cells were not labeled. Electron microscopically, neoplastic, and normal melanocytes showed numerous cytoplasmic premelanosomes (stage II melanosome). In conclusion, PNL2 is direct against a fixative- and decalcific-resistant melanocyte-associated antigen, and has high specificity against normal and neoplastic melanocytes of albino rats.

Age changes of biostructure in the tissues of albino rats

Age changes of biostructure in the tissues of albino rats

Effect of white African mineral hair dye on the activities of phosphatases and malondialdehyde level in selected tissues of albino rats

The effect of white African mineral dye Yombofita (YF) on the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the skin, liver, kidney and serum of albino rats was investigated. The chemical analysis of the dye was first carried out using solubility test, pH determination and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental analysis. Six different concentrations (0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.00%) of the dye were prepared using hydrogen peroxide (30 volume) as solvent. A total of 80 albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used for the study. The rats were divided into 8 groups of 10 each and were maintained on commercial feed for the period of the experiment i.e. 30 days. In group 1, the control group, the animals were applied distilled water on their heads, whereas in group 2 the vehicle i.e. hydrogen peroxide was applied. In groups 3 to 8 various concentrations of YF (white) dye ranging from 0.05, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 to 1.00% was applied respectively. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and portions of the selected tissues were excised for the determination of ALP and ACP activities. The MDA level was also determined in the skin of experimental animals. The results revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) with increasing concentration of the dye in the activities of ALP and ACP in the kidney and skin but not in the liver while the level of MDA in the skin increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing concentration of the dye.

Effects of regulatory peptides on DNA synthesis in duodenal smooth muscle tissues of albino rats during the early postnatal period

Effects of angiotensin II, endothelin-1, dermorphin A10 analogue, dalargin, and hydra peptide morphogen on DNA synthesis in duodenal smooth muscle cells of newborn albino rats were studied by3H-thymidine autoradiography. Angiotensin II and endothelin-1 increased the number of DNA-synthesizing myocytes and did not affect the labeling intensity. Dermorphin A10 analogue, dalargin, and hydra peptide morphogen had no effect on these indexes.