Tissue Regeneration Applications Research Articles

Pulp regeneration using a peptide nanofiber artificial scaffold on animal models: A preliminary study.

In regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs), it is crucial to find effective materials. This study introduces glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mimetic peptide amphiphile (PA, GAG-PA) and K-PA nanofibers, synthesized to emulate sulfated GAGs, aiming to enhance tissue repair within damaged pulp - an area where standardized protocols are currently lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate the regenerative potential of GAG-PA nanofibers in REP. Heparan sulfate mimicking PAs was designed to develop a bioactive nanofibrous supramolecular system. The cavities on the mesial surfaces of the first upper molars of 8 rats (4 rats in the study group and 4 in the control group) were prepared, and the pulps were perforated. Then, the material was applied onto the dental pulp, and the cavities were closed with a self-curing glass ionomer cement filling material. Physiological saline was used in the control group. Thirty days after application, the teeth were extracted, and the formation of regenerative tissue sections in the pulp was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining. After 30 days, H&E staining demonstrated robust tissue regeneration in the implanted region, with minimal neutrophil infiltration. Masson's trichrome staining confirmed reparative dentin formation. Quantitative analysis revealed a regeneration percentage of 85% in the study group, compared to 80% in the control group. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in regeneration between the groups (p > 0.05). Our comprehensive study, utilizing GAG-PA and K-PA nanofibers, demonstrated successful synthesis, characterization and formation of nanofiber networks. The in vivo experiment with rats exhibited substantial tissue regeneration with quantifiable results supporting the efficacy of the nanofiber approach. Statistical analysis confirmed the consistency between the study and control groups, emphasizing the potential of these nanofibers in endodontic tissue regeneration applications.

Structural Characterization and Hydration Dynamics of Cross-Linked Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid Scaffolds by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

Understanding a biomaterial's structural and hydration dynamics is essential for its development and applications in tissue regeneration. In this study, collagen-hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffolds were analyzed utilizing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques to elucidate how different cross-linking conditions influence the internal architecture and interaction with solvents in these scaffolds. The scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing and cross-linked with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE), a process known to impact their mechanical properties. We gained insights into the microstructural organization and hydration behavior within the scaffolds when exposed to water and ethanol by employing proton relaxation and diffusion measurements. To better understand the system's performance, static and dynamic experiments were performed. Our results indicate that the degree of cross-linking affects the scaffold's ability to retain water, with higher cross-linking leading to more rigid structures. This also altered the hydration dynamics mainly due to a difference in the diffusion of water within the scaffold. In addition, the anisotropy of the collagen fibers also decreases with the cross-linking. Ethanol, a less polar solvent, provided a contrasting environment that further revealed the structural dependencies on the cross-linking density. The study's findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how the structure and morphology affect the functionality of collagen-HA scaffolds, offering critical information for optimizing their design for specific biomedical applications, such as soft tissue regeneration. Our experiments show how NMR is a valuable tool to provide information on dynamic processes not only in collagen-HA scaffolds but also in many biocompatible polymeric samples. The outcomes of this research provide a foundation for future work aimed at tailoring scaffold properties to enhance their performance in clinical settings, ultimately advancing the field of tissue engineering.

Applications of a biocompatible alginate/pericardial fluid-based hydrogel for the production of a bioink in tissue engineering.

Enhancing the biocompatibility of biomaterials is a critical aspect of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Advances in 3D bioprinting technology, blending natural and synthetic materials for the production of bioink, offer new opportunities to develop highly biocompatible materials that can closely mimic the native tissue environment. In this study, we used pericardial fluid structure (PFS)-based material together with alginate to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and produce a bioink material. Thus, blended alginate with PFS material and MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell-laden hydrogels characterized by comparing each other, especially alginate hydrogels, and evaluated in terms of biocompatibility for tissue engineering applications. According to the rheological analysis results, all hydrogel groups A, A-PFS (150mg), and A-PFS (1:1) had viscoelastic properties. Mechanical tests showed that the A-PFS (1:1) hydrogel had the most strength properties. Additionally, the viscosity values of the hydrogel solutions were in an applicable range for use in 3D bioprinters. It was also found out that PFS increased the biocompatibility of alginate-based bioink, in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation. Overall, these findings suggest that alginate and pericardial fluid-based materials can be successfully used for bioink production. The resulting hydrogels exhibit viscoelastic properties, appropriate viscosity for 3D bioprinting, and support cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. This research has the potential not only to produce bioink but also to produce injectable hydrogels and drug delivery systems, which can become biocompatible materials that can be used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Electrospun Polycaprolactone-Curcumin Scaffolds: Optimization of fiber production for enhanced Nanotopography and improved biological cell adhesion

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound with well-documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, has gained attention for its potential in tissue regeneration and other biomedical applications. Despite this, the integration of curcumin into polymeric scaffolds remains challenging due to its hydrophobic nature and stability concerns. This study aims to overcome these limitations by developing and characterizing curcumin-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds through electrospinning, a technique selected based on a comprehensive review of recent advances in the field. In this work, PCL scaffolds were fabricated with curcumin concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 mg and analyzed using advanced microscopy, spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, mechanical testing, and biological assays. Microscopy revealed that increasing curcumin concentrations improved fiber diameter uniformity and distribution. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the homogeneous incorporation of curcumin within the scaffolds, showing that up to 10 mg, the electrospinning process induces a transition of curcumin from its di-keto to its more reactive keto-enol form. This transformation facilitates hydrogen bonding with the PCL matrix, enhancing the scaffolds’ mechanical properties.In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated high cell viability across all scaffolds after 24 and 72 h. Furthermore, adhesion studies with fibroblast BJ-1 cells indicated significantly improved cell adhesion on curcumin-loaded scaffolds compared to pure PCL. These findings highlight the biocompatibility and bioactivity of curcumin-loaded PCL scaffolds.This study examines the possible use of curcumin’s controlled integration into PCL scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications. The innovative approach detailed here offers a scalable and effective pathway for the development of biomaterials that combine mechanical strength, bioactivity, and biocompatibility, addressing a critical need in tissue engineering.

“Young-Mechanical Niche” biomimetic hydrogel promotes dental pulp regeneration through YAP-dependent mechanotransduction

Aging leads to the irreversible deterioration of the extracellular matrix (ECM), compromising cell self-renewal, differentiation, and tissue regeneration. However, the specific mechanisms by which age-related changes in ECM-mediated cell mechanical microenvironment impair regeneration remain elusive. Human dental pulps (hDPs) provide an ideal model to explore this issue due to their accessibility and distinct mechanical properties. In this study, we discovered that young hDPs exhibit higher stiffness and viscoelasticity (i.e., faster stress relaxation time) compared to aged hDPs. Leveraging these findings, we engineered three groups of biomimetic hydrogels recapitulating the native mechanical microenvironment of young and aged hDPs. Our results demonstrated that Y-Gel, which replicates the high stiffness and viscoelasticity of young hDPs, significantly enhances the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro and promotes dental pulp regeneration in vivo more effectively than hydrogels mimicking either aged stiffness (AS-Gel) or aged viscoelasticity (AV-Gel) alone. Moreover, YAP-dependent mechanotransduction, particularly through the YAP/TEAD1/CTGF/Cyr61 signaling pathway, plays a critical role in mediating these regenerative effects, with stiffness emerging as a more dominant factor than viscoelasticity. This study provides new insights into the synergistic role of mechanical factors in regulating cell behavior and offers a promising strategy for optimizing mechanical microenvironment to enhance dental pulp regeneration and potentially other tissue regeneration applications, especially from the mechanomedicine perspective.

Nano‐Biosensors for mRNA‐Based Cell Sorting Using Intracellular Markers at the Early Stage of Cell Reprogramming

AbstractCell reprogramming and manufacturing have broad applications in tissue regeneration and disease treatment. However, many derived cell types lack unique cell surface markers for protein‐based cell sorting, making it difficult to isolate these cells from mixed populations. Additionally, there is a need to identify and isolate cells of interest at the early stages of cell expansion. To address this challenge, a nucleic acid‐based gold nanorod (NAGNR) fluorescent biosensor was engineered to detect the mRNA expression of intracellular markers for cell sorting. Its application is demonstrated in isolating induced neuronal (iN) cells from dermal fibroblast populations during the early stages of cell reprogramming. Cell sorting based on the mRNA of the neuronal transcriptional factor Ascl1 resulted in an enrichment of iN cells from 3% to 72%, and additional sorting with the transcriptional factor Scn2 further increased iN enrichment. Moreover, NAGNR biosensors can be used in conjunction with protein marker‐based cell sorting. NAGNR‐sorted iN cells show a functional response to electrical stimulation in a co‐culture of iN cells and muscle cells. These findings demonstrate that NAGNR‐based cell sorting offers great potential for cell identification and isolation at an early stage of cell reprogramming and manufacturing.

Injectable, in-situ forming, tunable, biocompatible gelatin hydrogels for biomedical applications.

Gelatin hydrogels have drawn attention for their diverse biomedical applications due to their flexible physiochemical properties. However, such gelatin hydrogels are made of toxic crosslinkers and photoinitiators, restricting their non-invasive deep tissue application. The in-situ forming chemical crosslinked without such toxic crosslinker and UV light has not been explored under physiological conditions. This study establishes a simple method to fabricate an injectable click-chemistry-based in-situ forming gelatin hydrogel in a physiological environment (without toxic UV or photoinitiator) with tunable physiochemical properties to modulate cellular response. Using Divinyl Sulfone (DVS) modification, gelatin hydrogel (GelVS) is optimized with tunable degradation properties, moduli (100 Pa -1000 Pa), gelation time, swelling, degradation, and viscoelastic behaviour. The in-vitro results using fibroblast and stem cells show that the hydrogel and its precursors were cytocompatible with diverging feedback of cells as the modulus varies. The in-vivo analysis for injectability, degradation, and biocompatibility of the GelVS hydrogel displays their biocompatible nature and lasts up to 30 days at the injecting site. Overall results indicate that DVS-modified GelVS hydrogel will be a great system with tunable physicochemical properties to modulate favorable cellular response for tissue regeneration and non-invasive deep tissue application.

Decellularization of fish tissues for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications

Abstract Decellularization is the process of obtaining acellular tissues with low immunogenic cellular components from animals or plants while maximizing the retention of the native extracellular matrix structure, mechanical integrity, and bioactivity. The decellularized tissue obtained through the tissue decellularization technique retains the structure and bioactive components of its native tissue; it not only exhibits comparatively strong mechanical properties, low immunogenicity, and good biocompatibility, but also stimulates in situ neovascularization at the implantation site and regulates the polarization process of recruited macrophages, thereby promoting the regeneration of damaged tissue. Consequently, many commercial products have been developed as promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of different tissue defects and lesions, such as wounds, dura, bone and cartilage defects, nerve injuries, myocardial infarction, urethral strictures, corneal blindness, and other orthopaedic applications. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the decellularization of fish tissues because of the abundance of sources, less religious constraints, and risks of zoonosis transmission between mammals. In this review, we provide a complete overview of the state-of-the-art decellularization of fish tissues, including the organs and methods used to prepare acellular tissues. We enumerated common decellularized fish tissues from various fish organs, such as skin, scale, bladder, cartilage, heart, and brain, and elaborated their different processing methods and tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, we presented the perspectives of (1) the future development direction of fish tissue decellularization technology, (2) expanding the sources of decellularized tissue, and (3) innovating decellularized tissue bio-inks for 3D bioprinting to unleash the great potential of decellularized tissue in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Advanced Thermoactive Nanomaterials for Thermomedical Tissue Regeneration: Opportunities and Challenges.

Nanomaterials usually possess remarkable properties, including excellent biocompatibility, unique physical and chemical characteristics, and bionic attributes, which make them highly promising for applications in tissue regeneration. Thermal therapy has emerged as a versatile approach for wound healing, nerve repair, bone regeneration, tumor therapy, and antibacterial tissue regeneration. By combining nanomaterials with thermal therapy, multifunctional nanomaterials with thermogenic effects and tissue regeneration capabilities can be engineered to achieve enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This study provides a comprehensive review of the effects of thermal stimulation on cellular and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, it highlights the applications of photothermal, magnetothermal, and electrothermal nanomaterials, and thermally responsive drug delivery systems in tissue engineering. In Addition, the bioactivities and biocompatibilities of several representative thermal nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, the challenges facing thermal nanomaterials are outlined, and future prospects in the field are presented with the aim of offering new opportunities and avenues for the utilization of thermal nanomaterials in tissue regeneration.

Exploring the potential of curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for angiogenesis and antioxidant proficiency in zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio)

BackgroundCurcumin is an age old traditional medicine. Although curcumin has several advantages, its water solubility and bioavailability limit its use as a natural therapeutic agent. Polymeric nano curcumin could be an excellent option to overcome these challenges to augment its therapeutic efficacy. This work aimed to synthesize curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles and assess their angiogenic and antioxidant potential in the zebrafish model.ResultsThe double emulsion solvent evaporation process was employed to make curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. Curcumin showed ~ 28.23 (± 2.49) encapsulation efficacy with an average diameter of PLGA nanoparticles 168.5 (± 2.5) nm and curcumin nanoparticles about 281.6 (± 17.2) nm, respectively. The curcumin nanoparticles showed no developmental toxicity to the zebrafish embryos while reduced toxicity compared to the native curcumin. Further, the curcumin nanoparticles reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species and improved angiogenesis in the model system. All these results confirmed that the nanoparticle has had higher bio-efficacy than that of native curcumin.ConclusionThis study shows that PLGA curcumin nanoparticles hold an excellent therapeutic promise for wound healing, tissue regeneration and other biomedical applications where angiogenesis and ROS play critical role.

Electrostatic Gelatin Nanoparticles for Biotherapeutic Delivery

Biological agents such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) and growth factors, when administered in vivo, often face rapid clearance, limiting their therapeutic potential. To address this challenge and enhance their efficacy, we propose the electrostatic conjugation and sequestration of these agents into gelatin-based biomaterials. In this study, gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized via the nanoprecipitation method, with adjustments to the pH of the gelatin solution (4.0 or 10.0) to introduce either a positive or negative charge to the nanoparticles. The GNPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Both positively and negatively charged GNPs were confirmed to be endotoxin-free and non-cytotoxic. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs exhibited characteristic surface markers and a notable negative charge. Zeta potential measurements validated the electrostatic conjugation of MSC-EVs with positively charged GNPs. Utilizing a transwell culture system, we evaluated the impact of EV-GNP conjugates encapsulated within a gelatin hydrogel on macrophage secretory activity. The results demonstrated the bioactivity of EV-GNP conjugates and their synergistic effect on macrophage secretome over five days of culture. In summary, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of electrostatically coupled biotherapeutics with biomaterials for tissue regeneration applications.

Poly(norepinephrine)-Mediated Universal Surface Modification for Patterning Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation.

Maintaining undifferentiated states of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) is key to accomplishing successful hPSC research. Specific culture conditions, including hPSC-compatible substrates, are required for the hPSC culture. Over the past two decades, substrates supporting hPSC self-renewal have evolved from undefined and xenogeneic protein components to chemically defined and xenogeneic-free materials. However, these synthetic substrates are often costly and complex to use, leading many laboratories to continue using simpler undefined extracellular matrix (ECM) protein mixtures. In this study, we present a method using poly(norepinephrine) (pNE) for surface modification to enhance the immobilization of ECM proteins on various substrates, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and ultralow attachment (ULA) hydrogels, thereby supporting hPSC culture and maintenance of pluripotency. The pNE-mediated surface modification enables spatial patterning of ECM proteins on nonadhesive ULA surfaces, facilitating tunable macroscopic cell patterning. This approach improves hPSC attachment and growth and allows for cell patterning to study the effects of anisotropic environments on the hPSC fate. Our findings demonstrate the versatility and simplicity of pNE-mediated surface modification for improving hPSC culture and spatially controlled differentiation into endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes on previously nonamenable substrates, providing a valuable tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Enhanced bioactivity, antimicrobial efficacy and biocompatibility of silver-doped larnite for orthopaedic applications

Bone tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field at the forefront of regenerative medicine, aiming to develop innovative strategies for repairing and regenerating bone tissue. Biomaterials play a crucial role as it provides a supportive environment that facilitates cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation for bone formation. The current work investigates the influence of silver doping on the physicochemical and biological properties of larnite (Ca2SiO4) for the application of bone tissue regeneration. In the current work combustion assisted sol–gel method was implemented to synthesize silver doped larnite which offers phase formation at lower temperatures. In-vitro biomineralization studies revealed that silver addition significantly improved hydroxyapatite (HAp) nucleation on the scaffold surfaces when immersed in simulated body fluid. The antibacterial studies of Ag-doped larnite powders were performed using broth dilution assay which showed bacterial inhibition up to 87 % at higher addition of silver concentrations against the clinical pathogens. The biocompatibility of the materials on human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC’s) exhibited significant proliferation (p < 0.05) on Ca1.90Ag0.10SiO4 as compared with Ca2Ag0SiO4. The increased Ag concentration was found to have a significant influence on the antibacterial properties without affecting the biocompatibility of larnite. These findings highlight the potential of Ag-doped larnite, particularly Ca1.90Ag0.10SiO4, as a promising biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. It demonstrates excellent antibacterial efficacy while maintaining biocompatibility, addressing the critical balance between these two aspects for an optimal bone tissue regeneration.

Biocomposite Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Materials, Fabrication Techniques and Future Directions.

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines materials, methods, and biological molecules to engineer newly formed tissues to replace or restore functional organs. Biomaterials-based scaffolds play a crucial role in developing new tissue by interacting with human cells. Tissue engineering scaffolds with ideal characteristics, namely, nontoxicity, biodegradability, and appropriate mechanical and surface properties, are vital for tissue regeneration applications. However, current biocomposite scaffolds face significant limitations, particularly in achieving structural durability, controlled degradation rates, and effective cellular integration. These qualities are essential for maintaining long-term functionality in vivo. Although commonly utilized biomaterials can provide physical and chemical properties needed for tissue regeneration, inadequate biomimetic properties, as well as insufficient interactions of cells-scaffolds interaction, still need to be improved for the application of tissue engineering in vivo. It is impossible to achieve some essential features using a single material, so combining two or more materials may accomplish the requirements. In order to achieve a proper scaffold design, a suitable fabrication technique and combination of biomaterials with controlled micro or nanostructures are needed to achieve the proper biological responses. This review emphasizes advancements in scaffold durability, biocompatibility, and cellular responsiveness. It focuses on natural and synthetic polymer combinations and innovative fabrication techniques. Developing stimulus-responsive 3D scaffolds is critical, as these scaffolds enhance cell adhesion and promote functional tissue formation while maintaining structural integrity over time. This review also highlights the natural polymers, smart materials, and recent advanced techniques currently used to create emerging scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications.

Spheroid-Exosome-Based Bioprinting Technology in Regenerative Medicine.

Since the discovery that exosomes can exchange genes, their potential use as tools for tissue regeneration, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic applications has drawn significant attention. Emerging three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies, such as bioprinting, which allows the printing of cells, proteins, DNA, and other biological materials, have demonstrated the potential to create complex body tissues or personalized 3D models. The use of 3D spheroids in bioprinting facilitates volumetric tissue reconstruction and accelerates tissue regeneration via exosome secretion. In this review, we discussed a convergence approach between two promising technologies for bioprinting and exosomes in regenerative medicine. Among the various 3D cell culture methods used for exosome production, we focused on spheroids, which are suitable for mass production by bioprinting. We then summarized the research results on cases of bioprinting applications using the spheroids and exosomes produced. If a large number of spheroids can be supplied through bioprinting, the spheroid-exosome-based bioprinting technology will provide new possibilities for application in tissue regeneration, disease diagnosis, and treatment.

Eggshell‐Based Unconventional Biomaterials for Medical Applications

Eggshells are one of the most abundant byproducts of food processing waste. Each discarded eggshell represents a missed opportunity to convert a no‐cost waste material into a valuable product. Beyond their economic practicality and widespread availability, eggshells possess unique biological and chemical properties that support cell differentiation. Their composition includes biologically active compounds, essential trace elements, and collagenous and noncollagenous elements, mimicking the components of bones, teeth, and skin. Additionally, eggshells serve as a suitable precursor for synthesizing hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), and β‐tricalcium phosphate. Eggshells can be utilized on their own or as derived materials to produce regenerative biocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering. These scaffolds often exhibit high porosity, excellent biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical properties. Eggshells and their derivatives have also been employed as carriers for targeted drug delivery systems and in electrochemical biosensors. Eggshells serve as a versatile biomaterial, adept at not only addressing practical gaps but also bridging the divide between sophistication and ease of production. In this review, the chemical composition of eggshells and their numerous applications in hard and soft tissue regeneration, biomolecule delivery, and biosensor development are discussed highlighting their innovative and unconventional use as a natural biomaterial providing solutions for unmet clinical needs.

A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human stem cells from apical papilla during the committed differentiation.

Human stem cells derived from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are recognized for their multilineage differentiation potential and their capacity for functional tooth root regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying odonto/osteogenic differentiation remain largely unexplored. In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to conduct an in-depth analysis of the transcriptional changes associated with chemically induced osteogenesis in SCAPs. scRNA-seq identified SCAPs as distinct subpopulations. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential function of each cluster. Pseudotime trajectory analysis was employed to elucidate the potential differentiation processes of the identified SCAP populations. To investigate the osteo/odontogenic potential of Deiodinase Iodothyronine Type 2 (DIO2) on SCAPs, we performed alkaline phosphatase staining, western blot analysis, Alizarin Red S staining and immunofluorescence staining. Additionally, SCAP components were transplanted into mouse calvarial defects to evaluate osteogenesis invivo. The analysis of cell clusters derived from our scRNA-seq data revealed a significant shift in cellular composition when cells were cultured in a mineralization induction medium compared to those cultured in a complete medium. Both groups exhibited heterogeneity, with some cells intrinsically predisposed to osteogenesis and others appearing to be primed for proliferative functions. Notably, we identified a subpopulation characterized by high expression of DIO2, which exhibited pronounced osteogenic activity during differentiation. Our study is the first to reveal a shift in the cellular composition of SCAPs when cultured in a mineralization induction medium compared to a complete medium. Following both invitro and invivo validation, the DIO2+ subpopulation exhibited the highest transcriptional similarity to osteogenic function, suggesting its potential utility in tissue regeneration applications.

Amniotic Membrane Transplantation: Clinical Applications in Enhancing Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration.

Chronic wounds and non-healing tissue defects pose significant clinical challenges, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. A comprehensive literature review of amniotic membrane transplantation for wound healing and tissue repair evaluates the efficacy and safety of amniotic membrane transplantation in enhancing wound healing and tissue repair. Amniotic membranes promote wound closure and reduce inflammation and scarring via abundant growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components, which foster conducive environments for tissue regeneration. Amniotic membrane transplantation is effective in various medical disciplines, including ophthalmology, dermatology, and orthopedics. Low immunogenicity and anti-microbial properties ensure their safe application. Amniotic membrane transplantation offers a promising therapeutic approach for wound healing and tissue repair, and further research is warranted to explore its regenerative potential fully.

Design and self-assembly of new peptides and peptide bolaamphiphiles as antioxidant biocomposite scaffolds for potential tissue regeneration applications – a replica modeling and experimental study

ABSTRACT In this work, five new peptides derived from natural resources and two peptide bolaamphiphiles were designed. The self-assembling ability of the peptides and the bolaamphiphiles, as well as their predicted antioxidant activity was examined computationally. In particular, replica modeling molecular dynamics studies were carried out at three different temperatures. Results showed that the bolaamphiphiles as well as three of the peptides efficiently formed spherical or fibrous assemblies, particularly at physiological temperatures. In addition, stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds played a critical role in assembly formation. Furthermore, molecular docking studies with extracellular matrix proteins such as the triple helix motif of collagen and the fibronectin (III) motif of tenascin-X displayed binding interactions with the peptides and the bolaamphiphiles. The most optimal peptide bolaamphiphile WMYGGGWMY-CO-NH-(CH2)4-YMWGGGYMW was then synthesized in the laboratory and its ability to form functional scaffolds upon binding to collagen and tenascin-X was examined. The scaffolds were bioprinted with co-cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The cells not only proliferated over time but also showed strong adherence and spreading within the matrix. Thus, the peptides and the bolaamphiphiles studied in this work, may be potentially developed as scaffold components for tissue regeneration applications.

Hydroxyapatite/Chondroitin Sulphate Nanocomposite Infused with Black Seed Oil for Bone Tissue Applications: Physicochemical Characterizations and In Vitro Screening

AbstractMorbidities associated with natural bone have highlighted the need of advanced bioactive implants for the replacement of damaged bone. Known for their beneficial bioactivity and biocompatibility, Nigella sativa seeds (kalonji/black seed) are traditionally used in many medications. This research focuses on the positive impact of black seed extract on the chondroitin sulfate‐based hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for bone tissue regeneration applications. Novel nanocomposites with varied concentrations of black seed extract (0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) were fabricated through a coprecipitation approach and analyzed for physicochemical and biological applications. The results of X‐ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy revealed that the HCSK3 nanocomposite was successfully developed with appreciably strong molecular interactions among their components. HCSK3 nanocomposite exhibits higher rough surface morphology (Ra −1.13 µm and Rz −4.8 µm), uniform particle distribution (average particle size −9.9 nm), and good thermal stability with total weight loss of 13%. It also provides better nucleation sites for apatite formation and protein adsorption stimulating cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Moreover, HCSK3 nanocomposite showed excellent cell viability, higher ARS/ALP activities, better antibacterial property, and nonhemolytic property (below 3%). Thus, it can be concluded that HCSK3 nanocomposite manifested the highest biocompatibility and negligible cell toxicity. Therefore, it can be employed as an ideal bone implant in the bone tissue restoration phenomenon.