Tissues Of Male Wistar Rats Research Articles

Effect of differentiation of hydroalcoholic extract of berberis integrrima root on mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue of male Wistar rats

هدف: در مطالعه حاضر اثرات عصاره هیدرو الکلی ریشه گیاه زرشک زرافشان بر القای تمایز سلول‌های بنیادی مزانشمی مشتق از بافت چربی رت نر نژاد ویستار به‏سمت استئوبلاست بررسی شد. مواد و روش‏ها: در این مطالعه سلول‌های بنیادی مشتق از بافت رت نر نژاد ویستار جدا شد و برای تایید بنیادی بودن مارکرهای سطحی به‏روش فلوسایتومتری انجام شد و سلول‌های بنیادی با غلظت‌های 10، 20 ، 40 و 80 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر عصاره هیدرو الکلی ریشه گیاه زرشک زرافشان تیمار شدند. سمیت سلول عصاره مذکور به‏روش MTT و اثرات تمایزی آن با رنگ‌آمیزی الیزارین قرمز، سنجش فعالیت آنزیم آلکالین فسفاتاز و سنجش میزان رسوب کلسیم بررسی شد. نتایج با استفاده از آزمون واریانس یک‏طرفه در سطح معنی‌داری 05/0p< بررسی شد. نتایج: مارکرها بنیادی شامل CD105،CD44، CD73 در این سلول‌ها بیان مثبت داشتند، و نسبت به مارکرهای سطحی CD45 وCD34 بیان منفی داشتند. نتایج حاصل از آزمون MTT نشان داد غلظت‏های کم‏تر از 20 میکروگرم بر میلی‏لیتر اثرات سمی قابل توجهی بر سلول‏ها ندارند. فعالیت آلکالین فسفاتازی بالاتر در گروه تیمار نسبت به گروه کنترل در روز 10 مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از رنگ‏آمیزی آلیزارین قرمز و سنجش میزان کلسیم در مدت21 روز نشان داد که این عصاره به‏صورت وابسته به غلظت منجر به تمایز سلول‌های بنیادی به استئوبلاست می‌شد. نتیجه‏گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد سلول‌های بنیادی مزانشیمی مشتق از بافت چربی رت نر نژاد ویستار تیمارشده با عصاره هیدروالکلی ریشه گیاه زرشک زرافشان در مسیر تمایز به استئوبلاست وارد می‌شوند.

The Effect of Eight Weeks Resistance and Endurance training on Some Angiogenesis factors of Hippocampus Tissue in male Wistar rats

The Effect of Eight Weeks Resistance and Endurance training on Some Angiogenesis factors of Hippocampus Tissue in male Wistar rats

The Effect of Intense Endurance Training and Intense Periodic Oxygenase-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in the Heart Tissue of Male Wistar Rats

The Effect of Intense Endurance Training and Intense Periodic Oxygenase-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in the Heart Tissue of Male Wistar Rats

Comparison of three aerobic exercise methods with different intensities on PPARγ2 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats

Comparison of three aerobic exercise methods with different intensities on PPARγ2 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of male Wistar rats

Protective effects of Quercetin and Resveratrol on aging markers in kidney under high glucose condition: in vivo and in vitro analysis.

Resveratrol and Quercetin as powerful herbal antioxidant reduce kidney complications of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Quercetin and Resveratrol on aging markers in high glucose condition. In this study, HEK-293 cells and kidney tissue of male Wistar rats were used in hyperglycemia condition. Quercetin and Resveratrol for cell culture and in vivo evaluation were used. Amount of methylglyoxal and the gene and protein expression of the Senescence Marker Protein30 (SMP30) were measured using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. High glucose condition in kidney cell and tissue caused increase in glyoxal amount compared to control sample. Treatment with Resveratrol and/or Quercetin significantly decreased the amount of methylglyoxal in a dose-dependent manner. SMP30 expression significantly decreased compare to control group while treatment with Resveratrol and/or Quercetin considerably increased expression level of the protein. Six weeks treatment with Quercetin and Resveratrol had more beneficial effects on aging markers compared with three weeks. According to the results, it can be concluded that resveratrol and quercetin, as potent herbal antioxidants, may have significant effects in reducing the complications of diabetes in kidneys, as well as preventing the aging of the kidney cells.

Effects of 2600 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation in Brain Tissue of Male Wistar Rats and Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin.

The debate on the biological effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) still continues due to differences in the design of studies (frequency, power density, specific absorption rate [SAR], exposure duration, cell, tissue, or animal type). The current study aimed to investigate the effects of 2,600 MHz RFR and melatonin on brain tissue biochemistry and histology of male rats. Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups randomly: cage-control, sham, RFR, melatonin, sham melatonin, and RFR melatonin. In RFR groups, animals were exposed to 2,600 MHz RFR for 30 days (30 min/day, 5 days/week) and the melatonin group animals were subcutaneously injected with melatonin (7 days/week, 10 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. SAR in brain gray matter was calculated as 0.44 and 0.295 W/kg for 1 and 10 g averaging, respectively. RFR exposure decreased the GSH, GSH-Px, and SOD levels and increased the MPO, MDA, and NOx levels (P < 0.005) significantly. RFR exposure also led to an increase in structural deformation and apoptosis in the brain tissue. This study revealed that exogenous high-dose melatonin could reduce these adverse effects of RFR. Limiting RFR exposure as much as possible is recommended, and taking daily melatonin supplements may be beneficial. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

The Protective Effects of Vitamins A and E on Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (nTiO2)-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Spleen Tissues of Male Wistar Rats.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2) can accumulate in different tissues and damage them with oxidative stress induction. Different components with antioxidant capacity can protect the tissues. So in this study, the protective effects of vitamin A and E on the nTiO2-induced oxidative stress in rats' spleen tissues were examined. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: Control 1 (received water), nTiO2, nTiO2 + vitamin E, nTiO2 + vitamin A, nTiO2 + vitamin A and E, and Control 2 (received olive oil). To investigate the status of oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined in spleen tissue as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Also, the gene expression of GPx, SOD, and nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) were determined by qRT-PCR. To evaluate the spleen histopathological changes, H&E staining was carried out. nTiO2 significantly increased TOS and LPO levels, whereas it decreased TAC level, GPx and SOD activities, and gene expression of GPx, SOD, and Nrf-2 in spleen tissues of rats compared with controls (p < 0.05). In vitamin-treated rats, the levels of TOS and LPO significantly decreased, and the level of TAC, the activities of GPx and SOD, and the gene expression of GPx, SOD, and Nrf-2 increased compared to nTiO2 group (p < 0.05). These parameters are maintained near to normal levels. Histological findings confirmed the protective effects of these vitamins on tissue damage caused by nTiO2. Vitamin A and E can protect the spleen tissues from nTiO2-induced oxidative stress.

Effects of low-level imidacloprid oral exposure on cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress responses, and primary DNA damage in the blood and brain of male Wistar rats

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that acts selectively as an agonist on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used for crop protection worldwide, as well as for non-agricultural uses. Imidacloprid systemic accumulation in food is an important source of imidacloprid exposure. Due to the undisputable need for investigations of imidacloprid toxicity in non-target species, we evaluated the effects of a 28-day oral exposure to low doses of imidacloprid (0.06 mg/kg b. w./day, 0.8 mg/kg b. w./day and 2.25 mg/kg b. w./day) on cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress responses and primary DNA damage in the blood and brain tissue of male Wistar rats. Exposure to imidacloprid did not cause significant changes in total cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in plasma and brain tissue. Reactive oxygen species levels and lipid peroxidation increased significantly in the plasma of rats treated with the lowest dose of imidacloprid. Activities of glutathione-peroxidase in plasma and brain and superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes increased significantly at the highest applied dose. High performance liquid chromatography with UV diode array detector revealed the presence of imidacloprid in the plasma of all the treated animals and in the brain of the animals treated with the two higher doses. The alkaline comet assay results showed significant peripheral blood leukocyte damage at the lowest dose of imidacloprid and dose-dependent brain cell DNA damage. Oral 28-day exposure to low doses of imidacloprid in rats resulted in detectable levels of imidacloprid in plasma and brain tissue that directly induced DNA damage, particularly in brain tissue, with slight changes in plasma oxidative stress parameters.

Decoding Aging: Understanding the Complex Relationship among Aging, Free Radicals, and GSH.

N-aryl maleimides can undergo a 1,4-Michael-type addition reaction with reduced glutathione (GSH), leading to a decreased concentration of GSH and an increased concentration of free radicals (FRs) in cells. GSH is a critical scavenging molecule responsible for protecting cells from oxidation and for maintaining redox homeostasis. N-aryl maleimides disturb redox homeostasis in cells because they scavenge thiol-containing molecules, especially GSH. This study aimed at measuring the concentrations of GSH and FRs by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in the brain and liver tissue of male Wistar rats (ex vivo) at different ages and after treatment with 3,5-dimaleimylbenzoic acid (3,5-DMB). Our results showed a relationship between age and the concentrations of GSH and FRs in cells. In young rats, the concentration of GSH was higher than in old rats, while the concentration of FRs was higher in adult rats than in young rats, suggesting an inverse relationship between GSH and FRs. On the other hand, the reaction of 3,5-DMB (an electrophilic maleimide) with cellular GSH increased the FR content. The results of this study contribute to the awareness that the process of aging implies not only a loss of tissue function but also essential changes in the molecular contents of cells, especially the concentrations of FRs and GSH.

Effect of Chronic Caffeine Administration on Expression Ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 Proteins in Myocardial Tissue of Male Wistar Rats With Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: Some previous studies have shown the protective effect of caffeine on apoptosis through the regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic caffeine administration on the expression ratio of B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-Associated X-protein (Bax) proteins in the cardiac tissue of rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Methods: In this experimental study, samples were 24 male white wistar rats (aged 2-3 months with a weight of 250-300 g) randomly divided into three groups: Healthy control (n=8), untreated diabetic (n=8), and diabetic with caffeine supplement (n=8; 70 mg/kg-1 for 8 weeks, 5 days a week). The expression of proteins associated with apoptotic signaling pathway (Bax and Bcl-2) in the cardiac muscle (left ventricular) was measured by Western blot method. One-Way Variance (ANOVA), t-test, and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: Induction of type two diabetes significantly increased the expression of Bax protein (1.81±0.2) and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein (0.36±0.05) compared to control group (P=0.001). However, caffeine administration increased the expression of Bax protein (131%) compared to diabetic control group (P=0.001). Therefore, caffeine administration after diabetes induction elevated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P=0.001). Conclusion: Eight weeks of caffeine administration have an exacerbating effect on the apoptotic cell death caused by type 2 diabetes by increasing pro-apoptotic proteins and reducing anti-apoptotic proteins.

The effect of vigorous continuous and interval exercise training along with resveratrol on SIRT3 and OGG1 proteins in the liver tissue of male Wistar rats

هدف: سیرتوئین -3 (SIRT3) یک استیل­زدای میتوکندریایی است که از طریق استیلاسیون پروتئین اگزو گوانین گلیکوسیلاز-1 (OGG1)، سبب ترمیم آسیب های DNA میتوکندریایی و جلوگیری از آپوپتوزیس سلولی می گردد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی تاثیر شش هفته تمرین تداومی و تناوبی شدید همراه با مصرف رزوراترول، بر سطوح SIRT3 وOGG1 بافـت کبد موش های صحرایی نر ویستار بود. روشها: در این پژوهش 48 موش صحرایی بطور تصادفی به شش گروه هشت تایی شامل گروه های کنترل، مکمل، تمرین تداومی، تمرین تداومی + مکمل، تمرین تناوبی، و گروه تمرین تناوبی + مکمل تقسیم شدند. تمرینات تداومی و تناوبی به مدت شش هفته، شش روز در هفته، به ترتیب با سرعت 27 و 54 متر در دقیقه بر روی نوارگردان مخصوص موش ها اجرا گردید. گروه­های دریافت کننده رزوراترول روزانه50 میلی­گرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن مکمل به صورت گاواژ دریافت نمودند. پس از مداخله، حیوانات بی هوش و نمونه کبدی آن ها جهت تجزیه و تحلیل و انجام آزمون آماری تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و آزمون تعقیبی توکی مورد استفاده قرار گردید. نتایج : پس از شش هفته سطوح OGGI کبدی گروه های تمرین تداومی (0001/0=p) و تمرین تداومی + مکمل (0001/0=p) نسبت به گروه کنترل به طور معنی دار بیشتر بود. همچنین سطوح SIRT3 کبدی گروه های مکمل (01/0 =p)، تمرین تناوبی (04/0 =p)، تمرین تناوبی + مکمل (04/0 =p)، تمرین تداومی (001/0=p)، و تمرین تداومی + مکمل (001/0=p) نسبت به گروه کنترل پس از 6 هفته به طور معنی داری افزایش یافت. نتیجه گیری: در مقایسه با تمرین تناوبی شدید، اجرای تمرینـات تدوامی به همراه مصرف رزوراترول می تواند بهبودی بیش­تری در عوامل موثر بر بقای سلولی و طول عمر، مانند: SIRT3 و OGG1 ایجاد کند.

The Effect of Aerobic Training and Tribulus terrestris Extract on Some Oxidative Stress Indices in the Heart Tissue of Male Wistar Rats Poisoned with Hydrogen Peroxide

Background: Oxidative stress plays a key role in cardiovascular diseases. Hydrogen peroxide poisoning also increases oxidative stress. In contrast, aerobic exercise and the use of Tribulus terrestris (Tt) extract can individually play an antioxidant defense balance. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effect of aerobic training (AT), and alcoholic extract of Tt on some oxidative stress indices in the heart tissue of hydrogen peroxide poisoned male Wistar rats. Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups, including (1) healthy-control, (2) H2O2, (3) H2O2 + AT, (4) H2O2 + Tt 1 (5 mg/kg), (5) H2O2 + Tt 2 (10 mg/kg), (6) H2O2 + AT + Tt 1, and (7) H2O2 + AT + Tt 2. The AT protocol consisted of eight weeks (5 sessions per week) of treadmill running at 20 m/min for 60 minutes per session. Tissue samples were collected to measure oxidative stress indices. Two-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant decrease in tissue concentration of cytochrome C (ng/mL), MDA (Pmol/mL), PAB index (HK), while an increase in tissue concentration of ATP (µM) was observed in the H2O2 + AT + Tt 2 group compared to other groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Combining AT and Tt can be a good strategy to reduce the complications of hydrogen peroxide poisoning. Because the observed changes were far from complete improvement compared to the healthy control group, it is likely that longer treatment periods and higher drug doses should be used. Future studies should use Tribulus terrestris (Tt) supplementation in addition to Tribulus terrestris (Tt) intake prior to training sessions.

Attenuation of arsenic induced high fat diet exacerbated oxidative stress mediated hepatic and cardiac injuries in male Wistar rats by piperine involved antioxidative mechanisms

The current study explored the efficacy of piperine in attenuating arsenic induced high fat diet aggravated oxidative stress mediated injury in hepatic and cardiac tissues of male Wistar rats. Oral administration of piperine significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the levels of organ specific and oxidative stress biomarkers in arsenic and high fat diet treated rat hepatic and cardiac tissues in a dose dependant manner with the dose of 60 mg/kg b.w. exhibiting maximum protection. Arsenic induced high fat diet aggravated oxidative stress mediated damages in liver and heart tissues led to decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes, ROS generation, diminished activities of Krebs’ cycle and respiratory chain enzymes, collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial DNA damage along with altered lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokine levels. Histochemical and histopathological studies supported the above findings. Piperine efficiently counteracted the arsenic induced high fat diet aggravated oxidative stress mediated damages by modulating antioxidant defense mechanism along with free radical quenching ability. These findings indicate that piperine protected the arsenic induced high fat diet aggravated hepatic and cardiac injuries which underline the importance of piperine in providing a possible therapeutic regime for the amelioration of arsenic-induced high fat diet aggravated oxidative stress mediated organ damages.

Investigation of cholestasis-related changes in characteristics of spermatogonial stem cells in testis tissue of male Wistar rats.

Paternal metabolic status is an important factor in the health status of offspring. Cholestasis, as a metabolic disorder, significantly disrupts spermatogenesis. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are considered the dividing germ cells, which maintain spermatogenesis throughout the lifespan. Here, we investigated the in vivo and in vitro effect(s) of cholestasis on SSCs. Cholestasis was induced in rats by bile duct ligation. Four weeks after the cholestasis induction, testicular tissues were analysed using histopathological examinations. The expression of SSC markers, including Plzf and Thy-1, was determined using the immunofluorescent technique. Also, SSCs were isolated from animals, and their proliferation was examined in vitro. The histological examinations revealed that cholestasis caused irregularities in the structure of seminal tubes. Immunostaining showed that the total number of Thy-1- and Plzf-expressing cells was declined in the cholestasis group compared with the control group. In vitro culture of SSCs indicated that the number of SSC colonies and those expressing Plzf were significantly reduced in the culture medium of the cholestasis group. Our results indicated that cholestasis affects the functionality of SSCs and reduces the number and proliferation of them. This finding may be of interest to the effect of metabolic diseases such as cholestasis on spermatogenesis.

Effects of ginger along with exercise training on serum levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes and malondialdehyde and the activity of liver tissue superoxide dismutase in male Wistar rats

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 months of endurance training (ET) along with ginger consumption on the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue in male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the weight as follows: control (n=8), sham (n=8), ET (n=8), ginger (n=8), and ET + ginger (n=8). The training protocol was an ET program on a treadmill for two months (5 days a week). Besides standard water and food, in groups using the supplement, 100 mg of ginger solution per kg body weight of the rats was injected three days a week. Then, 48 hours after the last training session and after 8 hours of fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected over night and the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), MDA level of the liver tissue, and activity of the liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that after 8 weeks, the activity of liver SOD in ET group (131.7±18.6, P=0.001) and ET + Ginger group (130.2±31.3, P=0.001) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (83.8±14.9). Moreover, liver MDA levels in the ET group (0.38±0.08, P=0.008) and ET + Ginger group (0.37±0.09, P=0.013) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (0.25.0±03). However, 8 weeks of ET coupled with ginger consumption had no effects on the serum levels of AST and ALT (P&gt;0.05). Furthermore, ginger had no effect on MDA level and enzymatic activity of SOD (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: This study does not support the protective effects of ginger on the reduction of liver enzymes levels and improvement of the antioxidant status

Possible therapeutic effects of vindoline on testicular and epididymal function in diabetes-induced oxidative stress male Wistar rats

ObjectiveThe study evaluated the effects of vindoline on testicular and epididymal oxidative stress in diabetes-induced male Wistar rats. MethodsForty-eight (48), 6-week old male Wistar rats weighing between 190-230g were divided into 6 groups (n = 8) and used for this study. Group 1 was the normal control, group 2 comprised non-diabetic rats treated with vindoline, and group 3 was the non-diabetic group of rats treated with glibenclamide-the standard drug for the treatment of diabetes. Group 4 was the diabetic control, group 5 comprised diabetic rats treated with vindoline and group 6 was the diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in group 4, group 5 and group 6 rats by subjecting them to 10% fructose water over a period of 2 weeks, followed by administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg b.w streptozotocin (STZ). Testicular and epididymal lipid peroxidation levels, antioxidant enzymes, scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were measured. ResultsDiabetes-induced male Wistar rats demonstrated chronic hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and reduced oxygen radical absorption capacity in both testicular and epididymal tissues. Short-term treatment of diabetic rats with vindoline for 5 weeks significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels, minimise testicular oxidative stress, increased testicular and epididymal catalase and epididymal SOD and increase total antioxidant activity capacity. ConclusionTreatment with vindoline showed protective effects against diabetes-induced oxidative stress in both testicular and epididymal tissues of male Wistar rats, hence can be considered potential agent in the management of diabetes-induced oxidative stress male sexual dysfunction.

Oleic acid protects against cadmium induced cardiac and hepatic tissue injury in male Wistar rats: A mechanistic study

AimsThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible antioxidant role of oleic acid (OA) against Cd-induced injuries in the heart and liver tissues of male Wistar rats. Main methodsRats were treated with either vehicle (control), or OA (10 mg/kg b.w., fed orally), or Cd (0.44 mg/kg b.w., s.c.), or both (OA + Cd) for 15 days. Following completion of the treatment period, biomarkers of organ damage and oxidative stress including ROS, activities of antioxidant enzymes and their level, activities of Krebs cycle enzymes and respiratory chain enzymes were measured. Levels of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) were estimated to evaluate the state of inflammation. In addition, changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and status of cytochrome c (Cyt c) were also studied. Key findingsPre-treatment of rats with OA significantly protected against Cd-induced detrimental changes possibly by decreasing endogenous ROS through regulation of antioxidant defense system, inflammatory responses and activities of metabolic enzymes. Moreover, OA was also found to restore mitochondrial membrane potential possibly by regulating Cyt c leakage thereby increasing mitochondrial viability. SignificanceOur results for the first time demonstrated systematically that OA provided protection against Cd-induced oxidative stress mediated injuries in rat heart and liver tissues through its antioxidant mechanism. The results raise the possibility of using OA singly or in combination with other antioxidants or diet in the treatment of situations arising due to oxidative stress and may have future therapeutic relevance.

Effect of Adenosine Injection Following Cerebral Reperfusion Ischemia on A1AR Gene Expression and Apoptosis in Brain Hippocampal Tissue of Male Wistar Rats

Background: Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that occurs due to various factors such as reperfusion ischemia. As a purinergic receptor, A1AR acts as an oxidative stress sensor and an antioxidant during reperfusion ischemia. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of adenosine injection following cerebral reperfusion ischemia on A1AR gene expression and apoptosis in the brain hippocampal tissue of male Wistar rats. Methods: This experimental study was conducted at Shahid Mirghani Research Institute in Gorgan, Iran, from January 21, 2019, to March 18, 2019. The sample size was determined according to previous studies and a pilot study. Thus, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups by simple random sampling (using a random-number table): Control group (n = 10), Reperfusion ischemia group (n = 10), and Reperfusion ischemia + adenosine group (n = 10). Ischemia was induced in animals by closing the carotid artery for 45 min. Adenosine was injected 24 h after ischemia. We measured A1AR gene expression, SOD protein expression, and apoptosis by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and the TUNEL method, respectively. Results: The results showed that cerebral reperfusion ischemia significantly increased A1AR gene expression (596%) and apoptosis (378%) and decreased SOD protein expression (72%) compared to the control group (P < 0.001). On the other hand, adenosine significantly reduced A1AR gene expression (46%) and apoptosis (69%) and increased SOD protein expression (94%) compared to the ischemic group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Ischemic brain reperfusion causes oxidative stress. Also, adenosine injection seems to be effective in reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by cerebral reperfusion ischemia.

Effect of Continuous Exercise Training on Protein Levels of SIRT3 and OGG1 in the Liver Tissue of Male Wistar Rats

Effect of Continuous Exercise Training on Protein Levels of SIRT3 and OGG1 in the Liver Tissue of Male Wistar Rats

Modulatory effects of vitamin C on biochemical and oxidative changes induced by acute exposure to diazinon in rat various tissues: Prophylactic and therapeutic roles.

Diazinon (DZN) as an organophosphate pesticide may cause oxidative stress in different tissues. Antioxidants increase tissue protection from oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate prophylactic and therapeutic effects of vitamin C against oxidative stress caused by DZN in various tissues of male Wistar rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups: control group received corn oil as DZN solvent, DZN group received 100mg/kg of DZN, C group received 200mg/kg of vitamin C, C-DZN and DZN-C groups received vitamin C before and after DZN injection. Plasma and various tissues were prepared and evaluated for measurement of the biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results showed that acute administration of DZN significantly increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities and malondialdehyde level in all tissues, catalase (CAT) activity in liver, kidney and heart and some plasma biochemical indices, while it decreased cholinesterase and lactate dehydrogenase activities and glutathione content in all tissues. CAT activity in erythrocytes, brain and spleen was decreased in DZN-exposed rats compared with the control group. Administration of vitamins C in both prophylactic and therapeutic groups ameliorated in these parameters, although all these tests in tissues did not return to the normal level. These data suggest that oxidative stress is an essential mechanism involved in DZN-induced adversity effect, as evidenced by the altered activity of antioxidant enzymes, depleted GSH content and the enhanced membrane lipid peroxidation. Both the prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of rats to vitamin C have beneficial effects against oxidative stress and cholinergic hyperactivity induced by DZN in tissues especially in the brain tissue through free radical scavenging.