Tissue Changes Research Articles

DYNAMIC CHANGES IN HISTOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC INDICATORS OF THE LUNGS IN SEXUALLY IMMATURE RATS DURING SIMULATION OF PARTIAL TRACHEAL STENOSIS

Introduction. The morphological features of the respiratory system in laryngomalacia remain insufficiently understood, particularly regarding structural, cytological, and functional alterations. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphological characteristics of the respiratory compartment in the lungs of sexually immature rats, conduct a morphometric assessment of lung tissue density, analyze the dynamics of erythrocyte mass and collagen accumulation, and identify correlations between these parameters. Materials and Methods: The study involved sexually immature male Wistar rats aged 25-28 days and weighing 40-55 g. Partial tracheal stenosis was induced in experimental animals using a developed method, restricting the tracheal lumen by 20-25%. The stenosis was maintained for 7 and 21 days in different groups. In one group, tracheal stenosis was relieved after 7 days by removing the compressive ligature. Histological, histochemical, and morphometric methods were employed to study changes in lung tissue. Results. Pathological changes in lung tissue during hypoxia were characterized by an increase in the number of different types of cells and erythrocyte mass, especially on the 21st day of the experiment and the removal of ligatures from the trachea in experimental animals. Disturbances in the microcirculation of the lung acini were manifested by a sharp increase in blood filling of the microvessels and expansion of their lumen. In this case, the process of erythrocyte penetration into the lumen of the alveoli was sometimes noted. The results of histochemical detection of collagen indicate that in the lung tissue of experimental animals there is no activation of fibrogenetic processes, which would be accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the specific density of collagen. Indicators characterizing the lung tissue (number of cells, their specific density) made it possible to evaluate the corresponding correlations. At the same time, they were not associated with the level of collagen or erythrocyte density in the studied loci of the respiratory system of experimental sexually immature rats. A significant increase in the specific density of erythrocyte mass in lung tissue did not depend on the duration of the experiment. Removal of the ligature and restoration of the tracheal lumen did not significantly affect the restoration of alveolar acini and the spectrum of identified cells. In addition, an increase in the specific density of lung tissue was observed. Conclusion. The findings of this study contribute to deeper understanding of lung damage in children with laryngomalacia and associated respiratory system ventilation impairment. The observed reactive changes in lung connective tissue and collagen synthesis during hypoxia do not necessarily indicate the development of respiratory system fibrosis. However, longer exposure to hypoxic conditions may increase the risk of fibrosis in children.

ORAL MANIFESTATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS. REVIEW LITERATURE

Background: Diabetes mellitus causes a number of complications in various regions of the body including the oral cavity, the type and degree of which depends on the duration of the disease, its severity, and the age of the patient. Objective: The aim of this literature review was to summarize Oral manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Search strategy was applied with the aim of identifying as many relevant publications as possible. Data Sources four electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The key words used for the search were Diabetes mellitus, Oral complications in Diabetes, Oral manifestations, Periodontal disease, Xerostomia. Of the 146 studies identified, a total of 67 articles that met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review were included. Results: The results of a systematic review showed that oral manifestations and complications in patients with diabetes mellitus are one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus. There is more evidence that chronic oral complications in patients with diabetes negatively affect blood glucose control. Oral complications include many complications that patients with diabetes suffer from, including caries teeth, painful gingival swelling, periodontal disease and mobility of teeth, oral infections, salivary gland dysfunction, taste dysfunction, tongue abnormalities, bad breath and lichen planus. Knowledge of the characteristic clinical changes in oral tissues caused by diabetes mellitus helps medical professionals diagnose and treat diabetes. Conclusion: Prevention and treatment of complications with aspects of the oral cavity, especially periodontal disease, are important in patients with diabetes because of their possible adverse effects on glycemic control. Restoring sugar metabolism by correcting insulin deficiency can control diabetes mellitus. Promoting for healthy oral cavity for patients with diabetes mellitus is of paramount importance

Oral administration of coenzyme Q10 ameliorates memory impairment induced by nicotine-ethanol abstinence through restoration of biochemical changes in male rat hippocampal tissues

Substance abuse among adolescents has become a growing issue throughout the world. The significance of research on this life period is based on the occurrence of neurobiological changes in adolescent brain which makes the individual more susceptible for risk-taking and impulsive behaviors. Alcohol and nicotine are among the most available drugs of abuse in adolescents. Prolonged consumption of nicotine and alcohol leads to drug dependence and withdrawal which induce various dysfunctions such as memory loss. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is known to improve learning and memory deficits induced by various pathological conditions such as Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. In the present study we investigated whether CoQ10 treatment ameliorates memory loss following a nicotine-ethanol abstinence. Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests were done in male Wistar rats undergone nicotine-ethanol abstinence and the effect of CoQ10 was assessed on at behavioral and biochemical levels. Results indicated that nicotine-ethanol abstinence induces memory dysfunction which is associated with increased oxidative and inflammatory response, reduced cholinergic and neurotrophic function plus elevated Amyloid-B levels in hippocampi. CoQ10 treatment prevented memory deficits and biochemical alterations. Interestingly, this ameliorative effect of CoQ10 was found to be dose-dependent in most experiments and almost equipotential to that of bupropion and naloxone co-administration. CoQ10 treatment could effectively improve memory defects induced by nicotine-ethanol consumption through attenuation of oxidative damage, inflammation, amyloid-B level and enhancement of cholinergic and neurotrophic drive. Further studies are required to assess the unknown side effects and high dose tolerability of the drug in human subjects.

Mechanism of selective laser trabeculoplasty: a systemic review.

Although selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a recognized method for the treatment of glaucoma, the exact changes in the target tissue and mechanism for its intraocular pressure lowing effect are still unclear. The purpose of this review is to summarize the potential mechanisms of SLT on trabecular meshwork both in vivo and in vitro, so as to reveal the potential mechanism of SLT. SLT may induce immune or inflammatory response in trabecular meshwork (TM) induced by possible oxidative damage etc, and remodel extracellular matrix. It may also induce monocytes to aggregate in TM tissue, increase Schlemm's canal (SC) cell conductivity, disintegrate cell junction and promote permeability through autocrine and paracrine forms. This provides a theoretical basis for SLT treatment in glaucoma.

Time-Dependent Molecular Changes Following MDMA-Induced Nephrotoxicity

: The increasing recreational use of ecstasy (MDMA) poses significant risks to human health, including reports of fatal renal failure due to its adverse renal effects. While MDMA-induced renal toxicity might result from systemic effects, there is also substantial evidence of direct harm to renal tissues by MDMA or its metabolites. The precise mechanisms underlying renal toxicity remain unclear. This study explored the impact of a single intraperitoneal dose of MDMA (20 mg/kg) on rat kidneys. Serum BUN and creatinine levels were evaluated to assess renal function, while TNF-α and TGF-β protein concentrations were measured using ELISA. mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-xl, and Bcl-2 were quantified using quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, apoptosis and histopathological changes in renal tissue were examined. Results showed a transient increase in serum BUN and creatinine in MDMA-treated rats. There were decreases in TNF-α and TGF-β levels in the renal tissue. Both pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl gene expressions were significantly reduced, whereas Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis did not show significant changes. No structural alterations were observed in the renal tissues. Overall, this study suggests that the renal adverse effects of MDMA may be mediated through the disruption of cytokine pathways, with notable reductions in TGF-β possibly linked to decreased TNF-α levels.

Harmine exhibits anti-apoptotic properties and reduces diabetes-induced testicular damage caused by streptozotocin in rats.

Diabetes mellitus induces fertility problems in men, mainly because of increased free radicals. Natural resources are effective for male infertility treatment. This study investigated the effects of harmine, an alkaloid available in Peganum harmala L., on the male reproductive system of diabetic rats. We divided 32 rats into four groups, and eight were randomly placed in each group. For diabetes induction, the animals received 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin intraperitoneally. After 1 week, animals received 15 mg/kg of harmine (28 days; intraperitoneal). Histopathological examinations, serum levels of male hormones, levels of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the testes, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), insulin serum levels, fasting blood glucose levels, the apoptotic index, and semen analysis were assessed. The diabetes group exhibited morphological changes in testicular tissue, significant decreases in the diameter of the seminiferous tubule, the Johnsen score, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, insulin serum levels, and TAC in testicular tissue (p<0.01). Harmine treatment ameliorated the morphological changes in the testes and improved sperm parameters relative to the diabetes group (p<0.05). The NO and MDA levels in the testes, fasting blood glucose serum levels, and apoptotic index parameters were significantly elevated in the diabetes group, while in the diabetes+harmine group, these parameters were reduced (p<0.01). Harmine protects testicular tissue and sperm against diabetes-induced damage. This effect of harmine is associated with a rebalancing of the antioxidant capacity that subsequently decreases apoptosis in the testes.

Histologic Hitchhikers: A Review of Common Exogenous Artifacts Encountered During Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

Exogenous artifacts can interfere with accurate histologic tissue evaluation on frozen sections during Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Mohs surgeons should be aware of these anomalies to avoid potential misdiagnoses. To review exogenous artifacts encountered in frozen tissue pathology during MMS. A literature search was conducted in PubMed to identify studies reporting on exogenous artifacts encountered during MMS and a list of previously described exogenous artifacts was compiled. A retrospective examination of frozen histology slides from recent Mohs cases at the authors' institution was performed to obtain illustrative examples of these artifacts, supplemented by formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples when frozen examples could not be found. Exogenous artifacts represent foreign bodies that have been externally introduced into the skin or artifacts resulting from other external factors. If frozen section evaluation is inaccurate, overdiagnosis can occur during MMS, resulting in unnecessary layers, larger margins, and more complex reconstructions. These exogenous tissue changes can mimic inflammatory processes and melanocytic or keratinocyte malignancies on histology. Exogenous artifacts are common findings during margin assessment in Mohs micrographic surgery. The resulting histological findings can be confusing but correlating them with the clinical and surgical history often reassures surgeons. Recognizing these artifacts facilitates accurate diagnosis and promotes optimal patient care.

Immune checkpoints: new insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a disfiguring autoimmune disease characterized by changes in the orbital tissues and is caused by abnormal thyroid function or thyroid-related antibodies. It is the ocular manifestation of Graves’ disease. The expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1 R) on the cell membrane of orbital fibroblasts (OFs) is responsible for TED pathology. Excessive inflammation is caused when these receptors in the orbit are stimulated by autoantibodies. CD34+ fibrocytes, found in the peripheral blood and orbital tissues of patients with TED, express immune checkpoints (ICs) like MHC II, B7, and PD-L1, indicating their potential role in presenting antigens and regulating the immune response in TED pathogenesis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly transformed cancer treatment. However, it can also lead to the occurrence of TED in some instances, suggesting the abnormality of ICs in TED. This review will examine the overall pathogenic mechanism linked to the immune cells of TED and then discuss the latest research findings on the immunomodulatory role of ICs in the development and pathogenesis of TED. This will offer fresh perspectives on the study of pathogenesis and the identification of potential therapeutic targets.

Radiographic evaluation of hard tissue changes in open flap technique versus flapless technique for implant placement

Open flap technique allows the clinician to directly visualize the alveolar bone and assess bone morphology of the ridge.However, this technique is relatively invasive and causes patient discomfort and marginal bone loss due to decreased supraperiosteal blood supply whereas the Flapless technique is one of the latest minimally invasive surgical methods of implant placement without the need to raise a mucoperiosteal flap to overcome the bone resorption process. The present study was designed to evaluate the hard tissue changes in open flap technique versus flapless ṭechnique for implant placement at the different time interval. Minimum thirty edentulous sites from Out Patient Department, Department of Periodontology (IDST) were randomly allocated to the following two groups by the flip of coin: Group I - Implant with open flap technique (fifteen sites) and Group II - Implant with flapless technique (fifteen sites). Patients were evaluated radiographically for crestal bone loss (mesial and distal) at Baseline (Immediately after implant placement), At the time of prosthetic loading and 3 months after prosthetic loading in both the groups. The result of the present study revealed that Sites where implants were placed with flapless technique showed lesser mean crestal bone loss scores as compared to sites where implants were placed with open flap technique, although the difference was insignificant. It can be concluded that flapless procedure may be considered as a better treatment option as compared to implant placed with open flap technique in terms of minimal pain, inflammation and less crestal bone loss associated with flapless technique than open flap technique.

Unveiling metabolic similarities of entheses in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis patients using non-invasive in vivo imaging - results from the MAPSA study.

To assess and compare molecular tissue changes at the entheses in patients with psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and healthy controls (HC) in vivo using multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and to describe their relationship with clinical and ultrasound findings of enthesitis. A cross-sectional study (MAPSA) in bDMARD-naïve PsA and PsO patients and HC was performed. Participants underwent clinical, ultrasonographic and MSOT examination of six entheses (lateral humeral epicondyle, distal patellar tendon attachment, Achilles tendon attachment). MSOT-measured haemoglobin (Hb), oxygen saturation (SO2), collagen, and lipid levels were quantified and mean differences between groups were calculated using linear mixed-effects models. MSOT-measured analytes were compared between entheses with and without clinical and ultrasound anomalies. Ninety participants were included (30 PsO, 30 PsA, 30 HC), 540 entheses were clinically assessed, and 540 ultrasound and 830 MSOT scans were obtained. Both PsA and PsO patients showed increased oxygenated Hb (PsA: p=0.003; PsO: p=0.054) and SO2 (PsA: p<0.001; Pso: p=0.001) levels and decreased collagen signals (PsA: p<0.001; PsO: <0.001) compared to HC, with more pronounced changes in PsA. Significantly lower collagen levels (p=0.01) and increased lipids (p=0.03) were recorded in tender entheses compared to non-tender ones. Erosions and enthesophytes on ultrasound were associated with significant differences in SO2 (p=0.014) and lipid signals (p=0.020), respectively. PsA and PsO patients exhibit an analogous metabolic pattern at the entheses that is exacerbated in the presence of inflammation. These findings support the notion of a psoriatic disease spectrum characterized by common immuno-metabolic tissue changes.

Advansync in management of class II malocclusion: A systematic review

Class II malocclusions are of interest to practising orthodontists since they constitute a significant percentage of the cases they treat. In individuals with Class II malocclusions, there is an anteroposterior discrepancy between the maxillary and mandibular dentitions, which is usually accompanied by a skeletal discrepancy. In such malocclusions, a functional appliance (myofunctional or fixed functional) is chosen as a treatment method depending on the severity and need of the particular case. This systematic review aims to evaluate the dental-alveolar, skeletal and soft tissue changes with the use of Advansync™ (A Class II corrector/ fixed functional appliance) in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. A literature search was done on Pubmed, EbscoHost , Google Scholar, Science Direct. This was conducted by two reviewers independently and any conflicts in results were managed through discussion. A Risk of Bias was done for the final articles included in the study. A total of 3,099 records were identified while searching through the database based on Mesh terms and search strategies. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria’s the total articles which were eligible for the systematic review were six. As the study was specific in terms of age and gender there was a high risk of selection bias but low risk of reporting bias.Out of the 6 studies, 5 had a low risk of bias and based on their cumulative findings, the effectiveness of Advansync is similar to those of other Class II correctors. The advantage of Advansync over other correctors is that the appliance saves treatment time and can be incorporated from the second month of treatment thereby shortening the duration of treatment.Fixed Class II correctors are used widely in Orthodontics. The selection of the appropriate appliance for the patient is the need of the hour. Thus, this systematic review gives us an insight on the use of Advansync in Class II correction.

Investigation of the Efficacy of Zonisamide in Alcohol Induced Hepatotoxicity

Subject: This research aims to evaluate the histological changes in liver tissue induced by alcohol consumption and to assess the effectiveness of zonisamide in treating alcohol-related hepatotoxicity. Materials and Methods: The study utilized 40 adult Wistar albino rats, divided into four groups: a control (sham), an ethanol group, a zonisamide group, and a combination of ethanol and zonisamide (ethanol+zonisamide). Each group underwent a four-day binge drinking protocol to mimic excessive alcohol intake observed in humans. Zonisamide was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily. Post-treatment, the liver tissues were collected, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined for histopathological changes. Results: The control and zonisamide-only groups showed no abnormal liver or vascular alterations, indicating zonisamide's safety. In contrast, the ethanol group displayed significant liver damage, including vascular dilatation, congestion, and extensive cellular degeneration. Conversely, the ethanol+zonisamide group exhibited substantial histological improvements with noticeable reductions in vascular impairments and signs of hepatocyte regeneration, suggesting that zonisamide mitigates the detrimental effects of alcohol on the liver. Conclusion: The study concludes that zonisamide has a protective effect against alcohol-induced liver damage. It appears to preserve the structural integrity of hepatocytes and supports cellular survival, potentially through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These promising results advocate for further exploration of zonisamide as a therapeutic option for managing liver injuries associated with alcohol abuse. This study contributes significant insights into the therapeutic potential of zonisamide, encouraging more comprehensive investigations into its clinical applications in hepatology. Keywords: Alcohol, Zonisamide, Hepatotoxicity

Treatment of peritoneal fibrosis: Therapeutic prospects of bioactive Agents from Astragalus membranaceus

Peritoneal dialysis is one of the renal replacement treatments for patients with end-stage renal disease. Peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis is a pathological change in peritoneal tissue of peritoneal dialysis patients with progressive, non-suppurative inflammation accompanied by fibrous tissue hyperplasia, resulting in damage to the original structure and function, leading to peritoneal function failure. Currently, there is no specific drug in the clinic. Therefore, it is necessary to find a drug with good effects and few adverse reactions. Astragalus membranaceus (AMS) is the dried root of the Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. AMS and its active ingredients play a significant role in anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, regulation of immune function and regulation of blood pressure. Studies have shown that it can alleviate peritoneal fibrosis by reducing inflammatory response, inhibiting oxidative stress, degrading extracellular matrix deposition, regulating apoptosis, and regulating Transforming Growth Factor-β. The author summarized the relationship between AMS and its active ingredients by referring to relevant literature at home and abroad, in order to provide some theoretical basis for further clinical research.

High humidity and NO2 co-exposure exacerbates allergic asthma by increasing oxidative stress, inflammatory and TRP protein expressions in lung tissue

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease with a high mortality rate and a rapidly increasing prevalence in recent decades that is closely linked to environmental change. Previous research found that high humidity (HH) and the traffic-related air pollutant NO2 both aggregated allergic asthma. Their combined effect and mechanisms on asthma exacerbation, however, are unknown. Our study aims to toxicologically clarify the role of HH (90%) and NO2 (5 ppm) on allergic asthma. Ninety male Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to one of six groups (n = 15 in each): saline control, ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized, OVA + HH, OVA + NO2, OVA + HH + NO2, and OVA + HH + NO2+Capsazepine (CZP). After 38 days of treatment, the airway function, pathological changes in lung tissue, blood inflammatory cells, and oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were comprehensively assessed. Co-exposure to HH and NO2 exacerbated histopathological changes and airway hyperresponsiveness, increased IgE, oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA) and allergic asthma-related inflammation markers (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-17), and upregulated the expressions of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels (TRPA1, TRPV1 and TRPV4). Our findings show that co-exposure to HH and NO2 disrupted the Th1/Th2 immune balance, promoting allergic airway inflammation and asthma susceptibility, and increasing TRPV1 expression, whereas CZP reduced TRPV1 expression and alleviated allergic asthma symptoms. Thus, therapeutic treatments that target the TRPV1 ion channel have the potential to effectively manage allergic asthma.

Quality of Life (QoL) changes after orthognathic surgery: Do they correlate with the quantum of hard and soft tissue change?

Aim: To investigate the relationship between post orthognathic surgery changes in soft and hard tissue cephalometric variables in Class II and Class III patients and quality of life (QoL) measured using a condition-specific QoL questionnaire and to determine cephalometric predictors of the overall OQLQ after surgery. Methods: The sample included 50 orthodontic patients, 28 Class II and 22 Class III skeletal relationships whose treatment included orthognathic surgery. Correlations between cephalometric changes and Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) were tested by Pearson’s correlation. Multiple linear regression was used to determine cephalometric predictors of the overall OQLQ after surgery. Results: In Class II patients, OQLQ before surgery and changes in SNA were significant predictors for OQLQ after surgery. For Class III patients, OQLQ after surgery was significantly correlated with the change in mandibular plane angle and lower face height (r = 0.6 and r = 0.5 respectively). The decrease in facial angle was negatively correlated with OQLQ (r = -0.4). Mandibular plane angle, mandibular length, and OQLQ before surgery were significant predictors for OQLQ after surgery. Conclusion: QoL improved for Class II and III after orthognathic surgery. Changes in certain cephalometric measurements seem to predict quality of life after orthognathic surgery.

Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)-Derived Soft Tissue Changes in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip, Alveolus, and Palate with Midfacial Deficiency after 1.5 Years of Bone-Anchored Maxillary Protraction

Three-Dimensional Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)-Derived Soft Tissue Changes in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip, Alveolus, and Palate with Midfacial Deficiency after 1.5 Years of Bone-Anchored Maxillary Protraction

Effects of chronic exposure to a high fat diet, nutritive or non-nutritive sweeteners on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) axes of male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Diet-related factors are of great significance in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to a high fat diet (HFD), fructose or sucralose on the endocrine functions. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received a normal chow diet, HFD, 10% fructose or 0.02% sucralose for 10 weeks. Behavioral changes were assessed by open field (OFT) and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests at week 8. H&E staining was used to observe pathological changes in adrenal cortex, testis and perirenal adipose tissue. Serum hormone concentrations were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression levels of genes along the HPA and HPG axes were determined using real-time PCR. All types of dietary interventions increased body weight and disturbed metabolic homeostasis, with anxiogenic phenotype in behavioral tests and damage to cell morphology of adrenal cortex and testis being observed. Along the HPA axis, significantly increased corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) concentrations were observed in the HFD or 0.02% sucralose group. For HPG axis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and estradiol (E2) concentrations were significantly increased in all dietary intervention groups, while decreased concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T) were also detected. Moreover, transcriptional profiles of genes involved in the synthesis of hormones and corresponding hormone receptors were significantly altered. Long-term consumption of HFD, fructose or sucralose manifested deleterious effects on endocrine system and resulted in the dysregulation of HPA and HPG axes.

Preparation of oyster peptide and Pfaffia glomerata pressed candy and its ameliorative effect on sexual dysfunction in male mice

AbstractOyster peptide (OP) and Pfaffia glomerata extract (PGE) were used as raw materials. The optimal formulation of the pressed candy (PC) was optimized by one‐way experiment and D‐optimal mixture experiment design, and animal experiment was used to evaluate the effect of PC on male sexual dysfunction. The results showed that PC intervention significantly improved the sexual behavior of male mice with sexual dysfunction, including a significant shortening of the mount latency (ML) and intromission latency, and a significant increase in the mount frequency (MF) and intromission frequency (IF). At the same time, the concentrations of serum testosterone (T) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in mice were restored, and the erectile parameters and pathological changes of penile tissue were improved. Further studies found that PC intervention increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in testicular tissue. In addition, PC intervention improved testicular tissue morphology. In conclusion, the obtained PC has good taste quality, and the relevant quality indicators are qualified. It has a good ameliorative effect on male sexual dysfunction and may be a potential dietary supplement.

A mandibular advancement device attenuates the abnormal morphology and function of mitochondria from the genioglossus in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome rabbits.

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease. Mandibular advancement device (MAD) has the characteristics of non-invasive, comfortable, portable and low-cost, making it the preferred treatment for mild-to-moderate OSAHS. Our previous studies found that abnormal contractility and fibre type distribution of the genioglossus could be caused by OSAHS. However, whether the mitochondria participate in these tissue changes is unclear. The effect of MAD treatment on the mitochondria of the genioglossus in OSAHS is also uncertain. To examine the morphology and function of mitochondria from the genioglossus in a rabbit model of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), as well as these factors after insertion of a mandibular advancement device (MAD). Thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomised into three groups: control, OSAHS and MAD, with 10 rabbits in each group. Animals in Group OSAHS and Group MAD were induced to develop OSAHS by injection of gel into the submucosal muscular layer of the soft palate. The rabbits in Group MAD were fitted with a MAD. The animals in the control group were not treated. Further, polysomnography (PSG) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan were used to measure MAD effectiveness. CBCT of the upper airway and PSG suggested that MAD was effective. Rabbits in the three groups were induced to sleep for 4-6 h per day for eight consecutive weeks. The genioglossus was harvested and detected by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Mitochondrial complex I and IV activities were detected by mitochondrial complex assay kits. OSAHS-like symptoms were induced successfully in Group OSAHS and rescued by MAD treatment. The relative values of the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial complex I activity and complex IV activity were significantly lower in Group OSAHS than in the control group; however, there was no significant difference between Group MAD and the control group. The OSAHS-induced injury and the dysfunctional mitochondria of the genioglossus muscle were reduced by MAD treatment. Damaged mitochondrial structure and function were induced by OSAHS and could be attenuated by MAD treatment.

Using infrared thermography to detect teat tissue changes after machine milking in dairy cows

Mastitis is among the costliest diseases affecting dairy cows, partly due to its permanent reduction of the quantity and qual­ity of milk produced. Most mastitis cases involve pathogenic organisms entering the cow’s mammary gland through the teat canal. The teat canal has natural defenses against these patho­gens that can be disrupted during milk harvesting. Some of these disruptions of the teat tissue morphology, also known as short-term changes (STCs), can be diagnosed through visual in­spection and palpation. Infrared thermography (IRT) has previ­ously been shown to produce precise and consistent measure­ments of skin temperatures on cows’ hind teats. Our primary objective was to determine if IRT could distinguish between presence and absence of STCs to eventually create an automat­ed monitoring system. Our secondary objective was to describe the variability in the teat skin surface temperatures (SSTs) be­fore and after machine milking.