TiO2 Nanotube Arrays Research Articles

N- and Ti3+-codoped TiO2 nanotube-modified SnO2-Sb electrode for the effective degradation of caprolactam wastewater

This study prepared the N- and Ti3+-codoped TiO2 nanotube-modified(TiON) SnO2-Sb electrode. The analysis of the surface topography, structure characteristics, chemical state, electrochemical characteristics of the interlayer and active layers reveals that the doped TiO2 nanotubes arrays exhibit superior electrical conductivity and a higher surface area, which facilitates the binding of enhanced antimony tin oxide(ATO) coating. Compared with TM/ATO electrode without TiON interlayer, stability and catalytic performance of the TM/TiON/ATO electrode were substantially enhanced, which improved by 32 % and nearly 10 times. Simultaneously, influence of initial pH and current density on the degradation effectiveness and electrical energy consumption were studied, and the failure mechanisms analysis of the electrode was analyzed. Research has demonstrated that TM/TiON/ATO exhibits both stability and efficiency, rendering it a highly favorable material for the anode.

Construction of self-supported TiO2 nanotube arrays with hybrid point defect engineering: A bifunctional anode for Li+/Na+ storage

Point defect engineering has garnered widespread application for enhancing the dynamic behavior of anode materials and improving electrochemical performance. Herein, a hybrid point defect strategy is proposed in Ti-based oxide materials to achieve N doping induced oxygen vacancies (OVs) and subsequently accelerated electron mobility and perform better diffusion kinetics. This methodology culminates in the fabrication of self-supported nanotube arrays comprising N-doped OVs-rich TiO2 (denoted as N-TNTs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electrochemical characterizations validate that, hybrid point defects lead to high electron mobility and perform better diffusion kinetics, as well as higher Li+/Na+ ions adsorption energy barrier and diffusion energy barrier, which in turn improves the rate performance and cycling stability. This research provides a forward-looking and feasible strategy for the application of point defect engineering in anode materials.

A pH and near-infrared light dual-responsive drug delivery system based on TiO2 nanotube arrays modified with polydopamine and Fe3+

This paper reports a novel drug delivery system based on TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) modified with polydopamine (PDA) and Fe3+, which can load and release alendronate (NaAL), a drug for osteoporosis treatment, in a pH-responsive and near-infrared light-triggered manner. The samples were characterized by electron scanning microscopy(SEM/EDS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) and Thermogravimetry(TG). The drug release behavior of the samples was investigated under different pH and light conditions. The results showed that the TNTs-PDA-Fe3+ had improved drug loading capacity compared with the TNTs and TNTs-PDA. The drug release was pH-responsive and near-infrared light-triggered, the drug release from the sample with a pH of 4.6 was much greater than the pH of 11 and 7.4, and the photothermal conversion effificiency of TNTs-PDA-Fe3+-NaAL was 32.9 %. The drug release mechanism was attributed to the coordination bond between Fe3+ and NaAL, and the photothermal effect of the PDA. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the samples were evaluated by MTT assay using mouse embryonic osteoblasts cells. The results indicated that the samples had no obvious cytotoxicity and could promote the cell proliferation and differentiation. The paper concludes that the TNTs-PDA-Fe3+-NaAL system is a potential implantable drug delivery platform for bone-related diseases.

H2O2-assisted photo-electrocatalytic and photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet by CuO-modified TiO2 nanotube arrays

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation is an environmental friendly and efficient technique providing solutions for the dire issue of water pollution. TiO2 nanotubes are widely used as the photocatalyst but its efficiency is restricted by the wide band gap. This study deals with the fabrication of CuO-modified TiO2 nanotubes by electrochemical anodization following the hydrothermal method to enhance the photocatalytic degradation. Optical studies revealed a reduction in the bandgap (2.12 eV) of CuO-modified TiO2 nanotubes, which plays an important role in increasing the photocatalytic activity. The effect of CuO loading on TiO2 nanotubes in photocatalytic degradation as well as the effect of bias and H2O2 on photo-electrocatalytic degradation were studied. In photocatalytic degradation, 0.05 M CuO–TiO2 photocatalyst produced a maximum degradation of 49.5 % in 8 h. Compared with the pristine TiO2 nanotubes, the photodegradation of CuO-loaded TiO2 nanotubes increased by 16 %. Furthermore, when an external bias was applied, the photodegradation efficiency increased by 36 %. In addition of H2O2 to the PEC system, 0.05 CuO–TiO2 photocatalyst produced 100 % degradation of methyl violet in 2.5 h. Reusability studies showed that the photocatalysts are stable and can therefore be used for practical applications such as photocatalytic degradation and photoelectrochemical degradation of methyl violet.

Simultaneous tartrazine-tetracycline removal and hydrogen production in the hybrid electrocoagulation-photocatalytic process using g-C3N4/TiNTAs

This study aimed to investigate the removal of tartrazine dye & tetracycline antibiotic and hydrogen (H2) production simultaneously through the hybrid electrocoagulation-photocatalytic process using g-C3N4/TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiNTAs) nanocomposite. The g-C3N4/TiNTAs was used as the photocatalyst. The melamine as the precursor of g-C3N4 was varied to obtain the optimal loading on the removal of tartrazine dye & tetracycline antibiotic and hydrogen (H2) production simultaneously. The integrated acrylic photoreactor was equipped with two 250-W mercury lamps. The nanotubular morphology of TiNTAs and nanostructure features of g-C3N4/TiNTAs were examined using FESEM/EDX and HR-TEM/SAED. The XRD patterns indicated the composition of TiNTAs, confirming the presence of anatase and rutile crystalline phases. UV-Vis DRS also showed a redshift in the composite absorbance and a reduced bandgap with g-C3N4 introduction. The results showed that when tartrazine and tetracycline were treated simultaneously, tartrazine was more dominantly degraded compared to tetracycline. In mixed pollutant system condition, the H2 production increased by 17.0% and 41.1% compared to single pollutant system of tartrazine and tetracycline, respectively. The photocatalyst used in the hybrid process was the g-C3N4/TiNTAs (3 g) which provide the optimum H2 production.

Investigation of a visible-light-driven molecularly imprinted photoelectrochemical sensing platform for ultrasensitive and selective detection of diflubenzuron utilizing an in-situ grown 3D hierarchical structure

An ultrasensitive molecularly imprinted polymer-photoelectrochemical (MIP-PEC) sensing platform has been successfully fabricated for the detection of diflubenzuron (DBZ) under visible-light irradiation. The noval photoactive material was a ternary Bi2S3/BiVO4/TiO2 nanotube arrays (BVT) heterojunction, grown in-situ on a Ti substrate. The distinct architecture of BVT featured BiVO4 nanoparticles anchored onto TiO2 nanotube arrays and wrapped by Bi2S3 nanofibers. This innovative design, coupled with the aligned energy bands of BVT, significantly boosted visible-light absorption, and photo-induced charge separation and transfer, leading to an enhanced photocurrent response surpassing that of binary and single-component systems. The sensing platform displayed remarkable sensitivity and a broad detection range for DBZ with a linear range of 0.01–1000 ng mL−1 and a limit of detection of 1.25 pg mL−1. Its selectivity was further validated by comparable photocurrent responses in the presence of interfering substances, highlighting its accuracy in detecting DBZ in complex matrices. Additionally, the sensing platform demonstrated excellent stability and reproducibility, ensuring reliable results over multiple measurements. Evaluation of the sensing platform in real samples, including tap water and apples, has confirmed its high accuracy with recovery rates between 94.4 % and 103.4 %. Therefore, this visible-light-driven MIP-PEC sensing platform exhibits considerable potential for application in ultrasensitive detection of DBZ. This work offers novel insights into the in-situ preparation of high-performance sensors for applications in food safety and environmental monitoring.

Fast Response UV Photodetector Based on Aligned Arrays of Anodic Anatase TiO2 Nanotubes

Fast Response UV Photodetector Based on Aligned Arrays of Anodic Anatase TiO2 Nanotubes

Preparation and photocatalytic performance of BiOCl nanosheet–TiO2 nanotube array composites

Combining BiOCl with TiO2 nanomaterials is beneficial to enhance the photocatalytic activity and optoelectronic activity. In this paper, BiOCl nanosheet–TiO2 nanotube array composites were synthesized to enhance the photocatalytic degradation performance for methyl orange (MO) of TiO2 under ultraviolet light irradiation. BiOCl nanosheets were deposited on TiO2 nanotube arrays by the straightforward impregnation method. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photocurrent (i–t) were used to evaluate the composites of BiOCl nanosheets–TiO2 nanotube arrays. The results showed that the tetragonal BiOCl nanosheets clustered together on the surface of the TiO2 nanotubes and grew along the (110) crystal plane. The composites outperformed pure TiO2 regarding outstanding structure and overall photocatalytic performance, and the MO photocatalytic degradation rate was 98.5%. For the 30-BiOCl–TiO2, its photocurrent intensity (58 µA) was 4.5 higher than TiO2 (13 µA). The degradation rate of 87% can still be reached after three cycles.

Electro-assisted photothermal synergy for removal of volatile organic compounds over Au single atoms anchored TiO2 nanotubes

Gas-phase photoelectrocatalysis (GPEC) systems for treating gas pollution may lead to a Joule-heat effect and form photothermal synergy under an external bias voltage. However, such a synergistic effect and mechanism remain unclear. Herein, a electro-assisted photothermal synergistic removal of VOCs by defective TiO2 nanotube array decorated with atomically dispersed Au species was chosen as a prototypical illustration. By introducing single Au atoms, the carrier concentration and mobility of the catalytically active layer, i.e., TiO2 nanotube arrays anchored with Au single atoms, were substantially increased to the semi-metal level through an electrochemical reduction step and square-wave pulse method for anchoring single atoms. This not only contributes to the photogenerated carrier separation at low external bias but also significantly enhances the Joule heating effect on the catalyst surface. As a result, the catalyst used exhibited an excellent electro-assisted photothermal synergistic effect and outstanding efficiency in toluene removal in the designed tubular reactor. SynopsisA novel electro-assisted photothermal synergy system was constructed, which combines the advantages of gas-phase photoelectrocatalysis and electrothermal catalysis to remove VOCs with high efficiency and low energy consumption.

Enhanced 1,2-dichloroethane removal using g-C3N4/Blue TiO2 nanotube array photoanode in microbial photoelectrochemical cells

The compound 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), a persistent and ubiquitous pollutant, is often found in groundwater and can strongly affect the ecological environment. However, the extreme bio-impedance of C–Cl bonds means that a high energy input is needed to drive biological dechlorination. Biotechnology techniques based on microbial photoelectrochemical cell (MPEC) could potentially convert solar energy into electricity and significantly reduce the external energy inputs currently needed to treat 1,2-DCA. However, low electricity-generating efficiency at the anode and sluggish bioreaction kinetics at the cathode limit the application of MPEC. In this study, a g-C3N4/Blue TiO2-NTA photoanode was fabricated and incorporated into an MPEC for 1,2-DCA removal. Optimal performance was achieved when Blue TiO2 nanotube arrays (Blue TiO2-NTA) were loaded with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) 10 times. The photocurrent density of the g-C3N4/Blue TiO2-NTA composite electrode was 2.48-fold higher than that of the pure Blue TiO2-NTA electrode under light irradiation. Furthermore, the MPEC equipped with g-C3N4/Blue TiO2-NTA improved 1,2-DCA removal efficiency by 45.21% compared to the Blue TiO2-NTA alone, which is comparable to that of a microbial electrolysis cell. In the modified MPEC, the current efficiency reached 69.07% when the light intensity was 150 mW cm−2 and the 1,2-DCA concentration was 4.4 mM. The excellent performance of the novel MPEC was attributed to the efficient direct electron transfer process and the abundant dechlorinators and electroactive bacteria. These results provide a sustainable and cost-effective strategy to improve 1,2-DCA treatment using a biocathode driven by a photoanode.

Effect of Precursors Concentration on The Optical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Bi₂S₃/TiO₂ Nanotubes Arrays Photoanode Synthesized by the SILAR Technique

The use of robust solar energy-driven photocatalysis materials to address the global energy and environmental crisis has gained significant attention in recent years. However, the wide band gaps in many robust semiconductor photocatalysts hinder their absorption of visible light from the solar spectrum. To address this issue, the modification of the large band gap semiconductor with the lower band gap material using the Successive Ionic Layers Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique has emerged as an economical, accessible, and reproducible method for depositing nanoscale materials onto semiconductor substrates. This research aims to know how the concentration variation of cation and anion precursors in the SILAR technique affects the optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the resulting composite materials. Bi₂S₃ serves as a modifier for TiO₂ nanotube arrays (NTAs). The result shows that the cation-anion concentration ratio of 1:1.5 mM with five SILAR cycles gives the best photoelectrochemical performance, with a stable current density of 0.12 mA/cm², compared to pristine TiO₂ NTAs the current density of Bi₂S₃/TiO₂ NTAs is 15-fold. In addition, at each variation, the concentration ratio of cation and anion precursors decreases bandgap energy with each increase in the SILAR cycle.

Exploring well-defined TiO2 nanotube arrays for enhancing SnO2-Sb-Nd-Pt electrode performance

The short service life and low catalytic activity of electrodes are the major bottlenecks limiting the practical applications of current electrocatalytic oxidation technology in wastewater treatment. In this study, a novel Ti/SnO2-Sb-Nd-Pt electrode loading TiO2 nanotube (TiO2-NTs) array was proposed and prepared. The optimized TiO2 nanotube (TiO2-NTs) arrays provided abundant anchoring sites for SnO2-Sb-Nd-Pt active coating and improved the bonding strength between the Ti matrix and the SnO2-Sb-Nd-Pt active coating as a mediator, as a result, higher electrocatalytic performance and stability. The nitrobenzene (NB) removal and service life were significantly higher in Ti/TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb-Nd-Pt (91.08 % and 4381.9 days) when compared to Ti/SnO2-Sb-Nd-Pt (80.61 % and 1151.2 days). In addition, the outstanding electrocatalytic performance of Ti/TiO2-NTs/SnO2-Sb-Nd-Pt with an oxygen evolution potential of 2.03 V and total voltametric charge of 5.88 mC cm−2 makes it a promising candidate for future industrial applications. These findings will lay a solid foundation for broadening the applications of well-defined TiO2-NTs arrays prepared via the two-step anodization.

Sensitization of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays by Mixed Oxovanadium(IV) Complex for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Cells Performance

Sensitization of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays by Mixed Oxovanadium(IV) Complex for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Cells Performance

Mn/Fe co-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting in neutral medium

Manganese and iron co-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) are grown on Ti foil by in situ electro-anodization method and employed for overall photoelectrochemical water splitting. The band gap of TiO2 is reduced from 3.3 eV to 3.1 eV with co-doping of Mn and Fe in Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti sample. Annealing Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti at 500 °C leads to the formation of trap states associated with the Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions present in the TiO2 lattice. The anatase structure of TNTs in Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti-500 sample is confirmed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. An anodic shift in the onset potential from 0.2 VRHE to 0.08 VRHE is observed in Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti-500 sample compared to Mn/FeTNT@Ti sample. The overall photocurrent density at −0.4 VRHE is higher for Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti-500 sample (331μA/cm2) than Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti sample (251μA/cm2). The oxygen evolution activity shows similar trend with Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti-500 displaying a photocurrent density of 13.6 μA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE. The anodic photocurrent density of Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti-500 sample is six times higher than that of the Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti at 0.8 VRHE. The incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) measurements show that the photon absorption and conversion efficiency of the Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti-500 sample are significantly higher than that of the Mn/Fe-TNT@Ti sample. The results of this study complement the DFT calculations carried out with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) technique. This work demonstrates possibility of designing composite materials for efficient photoreduction studies using n-type titanium nanotubes as precursors.

Single-cluster Functionalized TiO2 Nanotube Array for Boosting Water Oxidation and CO2 Photoreduction to CH3OH.

Solar-driven CO2 reduction and water oxidation to liquid fuels represents a promising solution to alleviate energy crisis and climate issue, but it remains a great challenge for generating CH3OH and CH3CH2OH dominated by multi-electron transfer. Single-cluster catalysts with super electron acceptance, accurate molecular structure, customizable electronic structure and multiple adsorption sites, have led to greater potential in catalyzing various challenging reactions. However, accurately controlling the number and arrangement of clusters on functional supports still faces great challenge. Herein, we develop a facile electrosynthesis method to uniformly disperse Wells-Dawson- and Keggin-type polyoxometalates on TiO2 nanotube arrays, resulting in a series of single-cluster functionalized catalysts P2M18O62@TiO2 and PM12O40@TiO2 (M=Mo or W). The single polyoxometalate cluster can be distinctly identified and serves as electronic sponge to accept electrons from excited TiO2 for enhancing surface-hole concentration and promote water oxidation. Among these samples, P2Mo18O62@TiO2-1 exhibits the highest electron consumption rate of 1260 μmol g-1 for CO2-to-CH3OH conversion with H2O as the electron source, which is 11 times higher than that of isolated TiO2 nanotube arrays. This work supplied a simple synthesis method to realize the single-dispersion of molecular cluster to enrich surface-reaching holes on TiO2, thereby facilitating water oxidation and CO2 reduction.

Construction of g-C3N4/SnSe2/H-TiO2 Ternary Heterojunction for High-Performance Photodetectors

Two-dimensional layered materials have been widely used in the field of photodetectors because of their unique photoelectric properties. Among them, the multi-heterojunction based on two-dimensional materials with high carrier separation efficiency is expected to be designed as a high-performance photodetector (PD). This work focuses on the fabrication of g-C3N4/SnSe2/H-TiO2 ternary heterojunctions for photodetectors, obtained by depositing SnSe2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets onto TiO2 nanotube arrays using chemical vapor deposition and impregnation methods, respectively. The formation of the g-C3N4/SnSe2/H-TiO2 ternary heterojunction enhances and broadens absorption in the ultraviolet-visible range. Photoelectrochemical measurements have confirmed that the fabricated g-C3N4/SnSe2/H-TiO2 ternary heterojunction photodetector exhibits remarkable light detection capabilities at 370, 450, and 520 nm, meaning broadband photodetection behavior. Notably, under light illumination of 370 nm wavelength, it demonstrates a high responsivity of 2.742 A W−1, an impressive detectivity of 5.84 × 1010 Jones, an external quantum efficiency of 9.21 × 102 %, and excellent stability. This high performance can be attributed to the effective separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers within the ternary heterojunction, significantly enhancing the photoresponse. The construction of the novel broadband-responsive ternary g-C3N4/SnSe2/TiO2 heterojunction holds promise for driving the future development of wideband, high-performance, and highly integrated photodetectors.

Single‐cluster Functionalized TiO2 Nanotube Array for Boosting Water Oxidation and CO2 Photoreduction to CH3OH

AbstractSolar‐driven CO2 reduction and water oxidation to liquid fuels represents a promising solution to alleviate energy crisis and climate issue, but it remains a great challenge for generating CH3OH and CH3CH2OH dominated by multi‐electron transfer. Single‐cluster catalysts with super electron acceptance, accurate molecular structure, customizable electronic structure and multiple adsorption sites, have led to greater potential in catalyzing various challenging reactions. However, accurately controlling the number and arrangement of clusters on functional supports still faces great challenge. Herein, we develop a facile electrosynthesis method to uniformly disperse Wells‐Dawson‐ and Keggin‐type polyoxometalates on TiO2 nanotube arrays, resulting in a series of single‐cluster functionalized catalysts P2M18O62@TiO2 and PM12O40@TiO2 (M=Mo or W). The single polyoxometalate cluster can be distinctly identified and serves as electronic sponge to accept electrons from excited TiO2 for enhancing surface‐hole concentration and promote water oxidation. Among these samples, P2Mo18O62@TiO2‐1 exhibits the highest electron consumption rate of 1260 μmol g−1 for CO2‐to‐CH3OH conversion with H2O as the electron source, which is 11 times higher than that of isolated TiO2 nanotube arrays. This work supplied a simple synthesis method to realize the single‐dispersion of molecular cluster to enrich surface‐reaching holes on TiO2, thereby facilitating water oxidation and CO2 reduction.

Superior long service life of a porous Ti-foam/TiOxHy-NTs/SnO2-Sb anode for highly efficient degradation of the pretreatment polyacrylamide-containing fracturing flowback fluid

Doped-SnO2 electrodes have shown outstanding performances in electrochemical oxidation (EO), but limitations in long service life and high durability have necessitated further advances in electrode design. Herein, this study proposes a porous Ti-foam/TiOxHy-NTs/SnO2-Sb anode with superior long service life for efficient degradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) - containing fracturing flowback fluid. The Ti-foam/TiOxHy-NTs/SnO2-Sb anode was designed by preferably choosing reduced TiO2 nanotube arrays grown in situ on porous Ti foam (Ti-foam/TiOxHy-NTs) as substrate coated with SnO2-Sb coating through the sol-gel method. The superiority of the design concept is verified by achieving a superior long service life of 735.2 h (0.5 M H2SO4) and 53.2 h (0.5 M HCl) at a current density of 1.0 A cm−2 by the tests of accelerated service life. The superior long service life originates from multidimensional and hierarchical architecture for lowering electrical resistance by shorting the transport path of electrolyte ions and electrons, and loading more active material without aggregation. Furthermore, the Ti-foam/TiOxHy-NTs/SnO2-Sb electrode displays excellent ability in efficiently degrading the real and simulated PAM-containing fracturing flowback fluid, achieving a chemical oxygen demand decomposition of above 90.0 % after 120 min of EO process. Therefore, the synthesized Ti-foam/TiOxHy-NTs/SnO2-Sb electrode exhibits great potential industrial application for efficient decomposition of PAM-containing fracturing flowback fluid using in EO process.

Formation of Diamond Films with Different Grain Sizes on TiO2 Nanotubes and Its Field Emission Properties

Diamond films with different grain sizes are deposited on TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays prepared by anodic oxidation using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor. The scanning electron microscope, X‐Ray diffractometer, and Raman results indicate that the diamond film is successfully deposited and that the substrate undergoes a phase transition due to the diamond deposition temperature, resulting in the rutile phase becoming dominant with lower energy bandgap and work function. Notably, after 5 h of deposition, a relatively continuous microcrystalline film is formed on the TNTs, and the diamond grains change from spherical to pyramidal and show excellent electron field emission behavior, with a low turn‐on field of 0.5 V μm−1 and a current density of 85.9 μA cm−2. In addition, the deposition environment of the nanocrystalline diamond has a large impact on the substrate morphology, resulting in a blocked electron transport path, which reduces the overall field emission performance. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic effect between the highly efficient 1D electron path of the TNTs, the negative electron affinity of the diamond surface, and the lower work function of rutile TiO2.

(Invited) CdS/Ti-Si-O Composite Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation

Advancements in clean energy drive socio-economic development and foster a sustainable future by restructuring energy systems and promoting low-carbon development. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive investigation on the design and performance characterization of CdS/Ti-Si-O composite photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen generation. Silicon-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated through anodization of Ti-5Si alloy, followed by the deposition of CdS using the SILAR (successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction) process, resulting in nanostructured Ti-Si-O photoanodes modified with CdS. The composite photoanodes were characterized in terms of their composition, microstructure, optical properties and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production performance. The composite photoanodes revealed a notable enhancement in PEC hydrogen generation properties with a photocurrent density of 7.86 mA/cm2，which was 19.15 times and 9.59 times to those of the undoped TiO2 photoanode and Ti-Si-O photoanode, respectively. The Si-doping mechanism of the photoanodes was elucidated through Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The synergistic combination of Si-doping and CdS modification represents a novel and promising approach for the design of efficient nanostructured photoanodes.